飛揚
如果從德國選擇一個在歷史、文化、經(jīng)濟方面都具代表性的聯(lián)邦州,巴伐利亞可以說是不二選擇。得天獨厚的地理環(huán)境、悠久的歷史文化、豐富的旅游資源和強大的經(jīng)濟實力,造就了獨特的巴伐利亞。正如有人說的那樣,巴伐利亞是隱藏著德國溫柔和浪漫的地方,從險峰到波影,從古堡到劇院,從音樂到啤酒,處處浸透著恬靜的色調(diào)、古樸的民風(fēng)。綿延千年的浪漫,給了認真的德國人一絲靈動,巴伐利亞讓工業(yè)文明不至于單調(diào)和枯燥。
在德國廣袤的地理版圖上,位于東南部,東倚捷克、南鄰奧地利和瑞士的巴伐利亞,是幅員最大的聯(lián)邦州,面積占到了德國國土面積的近五分之一。巴伐利亞地形南高北低,南部為阿爾卑斯山地和高原,中北部為丘陵和平原。由于地形迥異,巴伐利亞自然景觀多樣,呈現(xiàn)多山峰、多森林、多湖泊的特征。阿爾卑斯山脈、多瑙河、美因河等旖旎的湖光山色和四季分明、溫潤舒適的氣候,賦予這里唯美的自然景致,深受游客喜愛。
在德國強大的經(jīng)濟版圖上,巴伐利亞是最富裕的地區(qū)之一。其實,早在農(nóng)業(yè)時代,巴伐利亞因為地處山區(qū),難以開墾,封建領(lǐng)主們寧愿為了爭奪富饒的西部而搏殺,也不愿到此開疆拓土。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后,州政府采取積極措施,大力吸引各類人才、高新技術(shù)企業(yè)和科研機構(gòu)落戶,成功實現(xiàn)從農(nóng)牧業(yè)向高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型,一躍成為經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)雄厚、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施完備、經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)合理的高科技集中地區(qū)。眾多知名企業(yè)如西門子、寶馬、奧迪、阿迪達斯、安聯(lián)保險等總部均設(shè)在這里。
在德國的文化版圖上,巴伐利亞如同一座歷史悠久的文化寶庫,亙古傳承的文化在當?shù)厝说男闹锌滔铝死佑 ;厮萸辏头ダ麃喸菤W洲最古老的王國之一,巴伐利亞公國在1871年才并入德意志帝國,而且是德國16個聯(lián)邦州中唯一擁有“自由州”名號的地區(qū),集聚著無數(shù)的歷史文化遺產(chǎn)。據(jù)統(tǒng)計,巴伐利亞共有10萬多座紀念碑式建筑、1200多家博物館和收藏館、40多個一流的劇院和舞臺,以及保存完好的修道院和教堂等。這里每年都舉行上千場音樂和文化慶典活動,慕尼黑啤酒節(jié)、巴伐利亞音樂節(jié)等傳統(tǒng)活動更是在世界上享有盛譽,吸引了世界各地游客慕名而來。
值得一提的是,巴伐利亞是與山東有著36年深交的國際友城。1983年,山東開始與巴伐利亞州官方進行正式的交流和互訪;1987年,雙方正式締結(jié)友好省州關(guān)系。自結(jié)好以來,雙方高層互訪頻繁,人員交流活躍,合作項目眾多,逐步構(gòu)建了全方位、寬領(lǐng)域、多層次的友好關(guān)系。在友好省州關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上,城市也積極“結(jié)對子”,目前已建立了4對市級/縣級友好關(guān)系(濟南—奧格斯堡、濰坊—弗萊辛、泰安—施瓦本、曲阜—班貝格)和5對市級/縣級友好合作關(guān)系(青島—雷根斯堡、東營—巴特基辛根、濟寧—上弗蘭肯、濰坊—阿莎芬堡、萊州—施萬多夫)。
編輯/魏偉
Bavaria, German Romance
On the vast geographical map of Germany, Bavaria is the largest federal state, accounting for nearly one fifth of the country’s territorial area. The charming landscape of the Alps, the Danube and the River Main, as well as other splendid natural scenery endowed by the four distinctive seasons, and the warm and comfortable climate of the state enjoy great popularity among tourists.
On the strong economic map of Germany, Bavaria is one of the country’s richest areas. The state government has taken active measures to attract all types of talents, high-tech enterprises and research institutions, successfully realized the transfor- mation of economic structure from agriculture & animal husbandry to high and new technology, and become a high-tech concentration area with a strong economic foundation, complete infrastructure and rational economic structure. Numerous renowned enterprises, e.g. Siemens, BMW, Audi, Adidas, and Allianz, are headquartered here.
According to figures, Bavaria has a total of over 100,000 monument buildings, over 1,200 museums and collection museums, over 40 firstclass theatres and stages, as well as well-preserved monasteries, churches, and so forth. Every year, there are thousands of musical and cul- tural celebrations, among which Munich’s Oktoberfest, Bavaria’s Music Festival, and other traditional activities are world-renowned, attracting visitors from all over the world.
Bavaria is an international city that has established friendship with Shandong for 36 years. In 1983, Shandong began its official exchanges and visits with Bavaria; in 1987, the two sides officially established sister province or state relations. Since then, with frequent exchanges of high-level visits, active personnel exchanges, and numerous cooperation projects, they have gradually established all-round, wide-ranging and multi-level friendly relations.