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DWI聯(lián)合MRI動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描在診斷宮頸癌分期中的應(yīng)用

2024-04-30 09:05王新婧施磊李兵馮吟朱楠
關(guān)鍵詞:磁共振成像宮頸癌

王新婧 施磊 李兵 馮吟 朱楠

[摘要] 目的:分析DWI聯(lián)合MRI動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描在宮頸癌國(guó)際婦產(chǎn)科聯(lián)盟(FIGO)2018分期中的應(yīng)用效果。方法:回顧性分析68例經(jīng)病理證實(shí)的宮頸癌患者,均行DWI和動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描,分析DWI聯(lián)合動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描與FIGO 2018分期的診斷一致性。結(jié)果:68例中,F(xiàn)IGO 2018分期ⅠB1期20例、ⅠB2期15例、ⅠB3期4例、ⅡA1期11例、ⅡA2期7例、ⅡB期2例、ⅢB期2例、ⅢC1期2例、ⅣA期5例;DWI聯(lián)合動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描示55例與FIGO 2018分期一致,其中,ⅠB1期18例、ⅠB2期13例、ⅠB3期2例、ⅡA1期9例、ⅡA2期5例、ⅡB期2例、ⅢB期1例、ⅢC1期1例、ⅣA期4例。經(jīng)Kappa檢驗(yàn),2種診斷方法的一致性較好(K=0.768,P<0.05)。DWI聯(lián)合動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描診斷宮頸癌ⅠB1、ⅠB2、ⅠB3、ⅡA1、ⅡA2、ⅡB、ⅢB、ⅢC1、ⅣA期的約登指數(shù)分別為0.879、0.848、0.469、0.801、0.665、0.985、0.470、0.485、0.784,準(zhǔn)確率分別為95.59%、95.59%、94.12%、95.59%、92.65%、98.53%、95.59%、97.06%、97.06%。結(jié)論:DWI聯(lián)合MRI動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描對(duì)宮頸癌的診斷與FIGO 2018分期的一致性較好,診斷準(zhǔn)確率較高。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 宮頸癌;磁共振成像;擴(kuò)散加權(quán)成像;動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描;國(guó)際婦產(chǎn)科聯(lián)盟

Application of DWI combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in diagnosis of cervical cancer staging

[Abstract] Objective:To explore the application of DWI combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in FIGO 2018 staging for cervical cancer. Methods:The data of 68 patients with cervical cancer were retrospectively analyzed. They all underwent DWI and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. The consistency between DWI combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced scan diagnosis and FIGO 2018 staging was analyzed. Results:Among the 68 patients,20 cases were FIGO 2018 stage ⅠB1,15 were stage ⅠB2,4 were stage ⅠB3,11 were stage ⅡA1,7 were stage ⅡA2,2 were stage ⅡB,2 were stage ⅢB,2 were stage ⅢC1,and 5 were stage ⅣA. DWI combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced scan were consistent with FIGO 2018 staging in 55 cases,18 cases of stage ⅠB1,13 of stage ⅠB2,2 of stage ⅠB3,9 of stage ⅡA1,5 of stage ⅡA2,2 of stage ⅡB,1 of stage ⅢB,1 of stage ⅢC1 and 4 of stage ⅣA. And Kappa consistency test showed a good consistency between the two diagnostic methods (K=0.768,P<0.05). The Youden indices of DWI combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced scan in the diagnosis of cervical cancer at stages ⅠB1,ⅠB2,ⅠB3,ⅡA1,ⅡA2,ⅡB,ⅢB,ⅢC1 and ⅣA were 0.879,0.848,0.469,0.801,0.665,0.985,0.470,0.485 and 0.784,respectively,and the accuracies were 95.59%,95.59%,94.12%,95.59%,92.65%,98.53%,95.59%,97.06% and 97.06%,respectively. Conclusions:DWI combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI has a consistency with FIGO 2018 staging in diagnosis of cervical cancer,and has a high diagnostic accuracy.

[Key words] Cervical cancer;Magnetic resonance imaging;Diffusion weighted imaging;Dynamic enhanced scanning;International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics

宮頸癌是女性常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤之一,其發(fā)病率僅次于乳腺癌,嚴(yán)重威脅女性身體健康和生命安全[1]。因此,宮頸癌的定期篩查和早期診斷非常重要[2]。此外,明確宮頸癌分期對(duì)制訂治療方案和改善預(yù)后也至關(guān)重要。宮頸癌國(guó)際婦產(chǎn)科聯(lián)盟(International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics,F(xiàn)IGO)2018分期是世界公認(rèn)的宮頸癌分期系統(tǒng),其首次提出根據(jù)影像學(xué)檢查判斷腫瘤分期,并將ⅠB期進(jìn)一步分為ⅠB1期、ⅠB2期和ⅠB3期,將淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移定為獨(dú)立分期ⅢC期[3]。在現(xiàn)有的影像診斷技術(shù)中,超聲因其方便、成本低廉而被廣泛應(yīng)用于癌癥篩查,CT密度分辨力高,可清晰顯示密度差異較小的器官和軟組織結(jié)構(gòu),但兩者均無(wú)法判斷宮頸癌的浸潤(rùn)和轉(zhuǎn)移,臨床應(yīng)用受到限制[4-5]。MRI具有多參數(shù)、多序列成像和高組織分辨力的優(yōu)點(diǎn),是宮頸癌診斷和分期的重要檢查方法,可明確大部分宮頸癌形態(tài)特征,但對(duì)宮旁浸潤(rùn)的診斷準(zhǔn)確率較低[6]。近年來(lái),DWI和動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描等技術(shù)的出現(xiàn),極大提高了MRI在腫瘤臨床診斷中的準(zhǔn)確率。DWI基于水分子微觀(guān)布朗運(yùn)動(dòng),通過(guò)檢測(cè)水分子活動(dòng)自由度發(fā)現(xiàn)組織微觀(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)變化,能更明顯地顯示細(xì)微異常[7]。MRI動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描可根據(jù)對(duì)比劑強(qiáng)度變化反映腫瘤組織血供和微循環(huán)狀態(tài)[8]。本研究將DWI聯(lián)合MRI動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描用于宮頸癌的FIGO 2018分期診斷,探討其診斷準(zhǔn)確性,以期為宮頸癌的臨床診斷提供參考。

1? 資料與方法

1.1? 一般資料

回顧性分析2020年3月至2023年3月合肥市婦幼保健院收治的68例均經(jīng)病理檢查證實(shí)的宮頸癌患者,其中,57例經(jīng)手術(shù)獲取病灶組織,11例進(jìn)展期患者經(jīng)活檢獲取病灶組織。

納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):均符合宮頸癌診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[9];未行放化療;MRI圖像清晰,資料完整。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):MRI檢查禁忌證;精神疾病,溝通或認(rèn)知障礙;凝血功能障礙;子宮肌瘤患者;先天性心臟病;肝腎功能不全;血液系統(tǒng)疾??;全身感染性疾病。

1.2? 儀器與方法

使用Philips Ingenia 1.5 T MRI掃描儀,腹部相控陣線(xiàn)圈。檢查前患者禁食6 h以上,飲水300~600 mL適度充盈膀胱。掃描范圍:軸位從雙側(cè)髂骨上緣至恥骨下緣,矢狀位根據(jù)病變具體位置和范圍進(jìn)一步確定。掃描參數(shù):層厚4 mm,回波鏈長(zhǎng)9.6,矩陣320×320,視野28 cm×28 cm,層距1 mm。后行DWI和動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描,注射對(duì)比劑釓雙胺注射液,以腫瘤為中心重復(fù)掃描收集動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描圖像,連續(xù)掃描4個(gè)時(shí)期,包括T1WI_TSE_SPIR軸位圖像、T2WI_SPAIR軸位圖像、DWI圖像、T2WI_TSE_MVXD矢狀位圖像和T1WI_TSE_SPIR軸位增強(qiáng)掃描圖像。

1.3? 圖像分析

將圖像上傳至工作站,由2位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的放射科醫(yī)師采用雙盲法閱片,根據(jù)FIGO 2018分期[10]統(tǒng)計(jì)閱片結(jié)果,意見(jiàn)不一致時(shí)經(jīng)協(xié)商解決。

1.4? 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析

應(yīng)用SPSS 22.0軟件分析數(shù)據(jù)。符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以x±s表示,組間比較行t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料用%表示,組間比較行χ2檢驗(yàn)。采用Kappa檢驗(yàn)評(píng)估DWI聯(lián)合動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描與FIGO 2018分期診斷的一致性,其中K0.75為一致性較好,0.40~0.75為一致性一般,<0.40為一致性差。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2? 結(jié)果

根據(jù)FIGO 2018分期,68例中ⅠB1期20例、ⅠB2期15例、ⅠB3期4例、ⅡA1期11例、ⅡA2期7例、ⅡB期2例、ⅢB期2例、ⅢC1期2例、ⅣA期5例。DWI聯(lián)合動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描示55例與FIGO 2018分期一致,其中,ⅠB1期18例、ⅠB2期13例、ⅠB3期2例、ⅡA1期9例、ⅡA2期5例、ⅡB期2例、ⅢB期1例、ⅢC1期1例、ⅣA期4例。2種診斷方法的一致性較好(K=0.768,P<0.05)(表1)。宮頸癌FIGO 2018分期ⅠB1、ⅡA2期MRI圖像見(jiàn)圖1,2。

DWI聯(lián)合動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描對(duì)宮頸癌的診斷效能較高(表2)。

3? 討論

宮頸癌發(fā)病與人乳頭瘤病毒感染、衣原體感染、宮內(nèi)節(jié)育器的使用等多種復(fù)雜因素有關(guān),發(fā)病早期癥狀隱匿,臨床確診時(shí)大多已進(jìn)入中晚期,治療難度較大,預(yù)后較差[11-12]。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),全球每年新增50萬(wàn)例宮頸癌患者,其中死亡人數(shù)約26萬(wàn),占女性所有腫瘤死亡人數(shù)的7.5%[13]。病理學(xué)檢查是臨床診斷宮頸癌的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但其為侵入性檢查[14]。MRI無(wú)創(chuàng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、操作簡(jiǎn)單,相比CT、超聲等其他影像學(xué)方法具有高分辨力、多平面、多參數(shù)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),是目前檢查宮頸癌的首選方法[15]。宮頸癌術(shù)前分期診斷對(duì)治療方法的選擇具有重要作用,根據(jù)FIGO 2018分期,ⅡB期前多采用手術(shù)治療,而ⅡB期及以后以放療為主[16]。常規(guī)MRI檢查對(duì)宮頸兩側(cè)緣邊界顯示不清,易導(dǎo)致分期診斷準(zhǔn)確率較低[17]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與常規(guī)MRI掃描相比,DWI圖像組織對(duì)比度更高,可清晰顯示宮頸病灶和宮旁組織,但分辨力相對(duì)降低[18-19]。此外,MRI動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描可反映病灶血流動(dòng)力學(xué)特點(diǎn),通過(guò)對(duì)比劑濃度變化評(píng)估腫瘤血管結(jié)構(gòu)和功能特性[20-21]。因此,常規(guī)MRI掃描、DWI及動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描三者聯(lián)合可為臨床診斷提供更充分的證據(jù)。

本研究DWI聯(lián)合動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描示55例與FIGO 2018分期一致,其中18例ⅠB1期、13例ⅠB2期、2例ⅠB3期、9例ⅡA1期、5例ⅡA2期、2例ⅡB期,1例ⅢB期、1例ⅢC1期、4例ⅣA期,與FIGO 2018分期診斷一致性較好(K=0.768)。宮頸癌腫瘤細(xì)胞分裂活躍,大多排列緊密、細(xì)胞間隙小,常導(dǎo)致水分子擴(kuò)散運(yùn)動(dòng)受限,宮頸癌病灶DWI多呈高信號(hào),周?chē)Y(jié)構(gòu)組織則呈低信號(hào)[22-23]。腫瘤可使陰道壁擴(kuò)張,導(dǎo)致陰道壁變薄,可能出現(xiàn)陰道壁受侵的假陽(yáng)性結(jié)果[24]。MRI動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描可反映病灶組織血供差異,宮頸癌組織新生血管多,血管壁不成熟,通透性大,導(dǎo)致對(duì)比劑進(jìn)入血管的速度加快,且分期高的病灶組織新生毛細(xì)血管更多,對(duì)比劑更易向血管間外隙滲漏[25]。本研究中,DWI聯(lián)合動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描診斷宮頸癌ⅠB1、ⅠB2、ⅠB3、ⅡA1、ⅡA2、ⅡB、ⅢB、ⅢC1、ⅣA期的約登指數(shù)分別為0.879、0.848、0.469、0.801、0.665、0.985、0.470、0.485、0.784,準(zhǔn)確率分別為95.59%、95.59%、94.12%、95.59%、92.65%、98.53%、95.59%、97.06%、97.06%。王靜等[26]將DWI聯(lián)合MRI動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描用于宮頸癌術(shù)前分期診斷發(fā)現(xiàn),不同臨床分期宮頸癌患者ADC值、動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描參數(shù)(容量轉(zhuǎn)移常數(shù)、速率常數(shù)、血管外細(xì)胞外容積分?jǐn)?shù))差異明顯,可通過(guò)定量參數(shù)判斷宮頸癌術(shù)前分期。將MRI平掃、DWI與動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描聯(lián)合應(yīng)用于宮頸癌分期診斷,能夠分辨盆腔內(nèi)器官、盆腔內(nèi)壁及子宮組織結(jié)構(gòu)等,還能顯示盆腔內(nèi)淋巴結(jié)情況,判斷腫瘤大小及轉(zhuǎn)移部位,進(jìn)一步提高診斷準(zhǔn)確率[24]。本研究存在的不足:納入例數(shù)有限,且部分分期宮頸癌患者僅2例,使統(tǒng)計(jì)效能降低,后續(xù)應(yīng)擴(kuò)大樣本量,使用MRI參數(shù)定量反映病灶分期情況。

綜上所述,DWI聯(lián)合MRI動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描與宮頸癌FIGO 2018分期診斷一致性較好,診斷準(zhǔn)確率較高。

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