羅宴冉 史曉飛 韓磊 張貝 文路遙
基金項(xiàng)目:河南省醫(yī)學(xué)科技攻關(guān)計(jì)劃省部共建重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(SBGJ202002098)
作者單位:1河南科技大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院(郵編471003);2河南科技大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院風(fēng)濕免疫科
作者簡介:羅宴冉(1996),男,碩士在讀,主要從事風(fēng)濕免疫疾病相關(guān)研究。E-mail:1553025645@qq.com
△通信作者 E-mail:xiaofeis@haust.edu.cn
摘要:肌炎抗體分為肌炎特異性自身抗體(MSA)和肌炎相關(guān)性自身抗體(MAA)。不同肌炎抗體在間質(zhì)性肺?。↖LD)中的作用機(jī)制、臨床特點(diǎn)及預(yù)后等方面存在異質(zhì)性。在MSA中,抗黑色素瘤分化相關(guān)基因5(MDA5)抗體和抗氨酰tRNA合成酶(ARS)抗體與ILD的發(fā)生高度相關(guān)。抗MDA5抗體陽性皮肌炎(DM)患者ILD的發(fā)生率高,進(jìn)展迅速,預(yù)后較差。抗ARS抗體陽性DM患者ILD的病程緩慢,對(duì)治療反應(yīng)較好,但易復(fù)發(fā)。在MAA中,抗Ro52抗體通常與MSA抗體共存,臨床表現(xiàn)與共存抗體關(guān)系密切。就肌炎自身抗體在ILD中的研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行綜述。
關(guān)鍵詞:皮肌炎;間質(zhì)性肺?。蛔陨砜贵w;臨床特點(diǎn);預(yù)后
中圖分類號(hào):R593.26文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:ADOI:10.11958/20231512
Research progress of dermatomyositis-related autoantibodies in interstitial lung disease
LUO Yanran1, 2, SHI Xiaofei2△, HAN Lei2, ZHANG Bei2, WEN Luyao1, 2
1 School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; 2 Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology
△Corresponding Author E-mail: xiaofeis@haust.edu.cn
Abstract: Myositis antibodies are divided into myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSA) and myositis-associated autoantibodies (MAA). There are heterogeneity in the mechanism, clinical features and prognosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in the different myositis antibodies. In MSA, anti-melanoma differentiation-related gene 5 (MDA5) antibody and anti-aminoacyl synthetase (ARS) antibody are highly correlated with the occurrence of ILD. Patients with MDA5+DM-ILD usually have a rapidly progressive and poor prognosis. The progress of ILD in ARS+ DM patients was slow, and the response to treatment is good, but it is easy to relapse. In MAA, anti-Ro52 antibodies often coexist with MSA antibodies, and clinical manifestation is closely related to coexisting antibodies. This review has summarized roles of myositis antibodies in ILD.
Key words: dermatomyositis; interstitial lung disease; antoantibody; clinical features; prognosis
皮肌炎(dermatomyositis,DM)是一類主要累及橫紋肌的彌漫性炎癥性肌?。?]。DM自身抗體分為肌炎特異性自身抗體(myositis-specific antibodies,MSA)和肌炎相關(guān)性自身抗體(myositis-associated antibodies,MAA),其中MSA主要有抗黑色素瘤分化相關(guān)基因5(anti-melanoma differentiation-related gene 5,MDA5)抗體、抗氨酰tRNA合成酶(anti-aminoacyl synthetase,ARS)抗體、抗小泛素樣修飾物激活酶(small ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme,SAE)抗體、抗轉(zhuǎn)錄中介因子1γ(transcriptional intermediary factorl,TIF1-γ)抗體、抗核基質(zhì)蛋白2(anti-nuclear matrix protein 2,NXP2)抗體和抗Mi-2抗體;MAA主要有抗Ro52抗體、抗Ku抗體、抗SSA/Ro60抗體、抗多發(fā)性肌炎/硬皮病復(fù)合物(PM/Scl)抗體和抗U1核糖核蛋白(anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein antibodies,U1RNP)抗體。不同自身抗體的DM患者臨床表現(xiàn)不同,DM患者多合并間質(zhì)性肺?。╥nterstitial lung disease,ILD)。不同肌炎抗體患者ILD特點(diǎn)不同,如抗MDA5抗體陽性患者出現(xiàn)快速進(jìn)展型肺間質(zhì)性疾?。╮apidly progressive interstitial lung disease,RP-ILD)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高,而抗ARS抗體陽性和抗Ro52抗體陽性患者易發(fā)生慢性間質(zhì)性肺?。?]。了解不同抗體對(duì)ILD的影響對(duì)疾病的診療至關(guān)重要?,F(xiàn)就不同肌炎抗體在ILD中的作用機(jī)制、臨床特點(diǎn)及預(yù)后展開闡述。
1 不同DM自身抗體在ILD中的作用機(jī)制
1.1 MSA在ILD中的作用機(jī)制 在MSA中,抗MDA5抗體和抗ARS抗體與DM合并間質(zhì)性肺?。―M-ILD)的發(fā)生高度相關(guān)??筂DA5抗體是維A酸誘導(dǎo)基因Ⅰ樣受體(retinoic acid-induced gene Ⅰ like receptor,RLR)家族的一員,Ⅰ型干擾素(IFN-Ⅰ)通路的異常激活在抗MDA5抗體陽性DM(MDA5+DM)發(fā)病中發(fā)揮重要作用[3]。MDA5+DM患者肺泡上皮細(xì)胞中可以檢出IFN-Ⅰ表達(dá)升高,其中漿細(xì)胞樣樹突狀細(xì)胞和髓樣樹突狀細(xì)胞可產(chǎn)生大量干擾素-β(interferon β,IFN-β),進(jìn)而誘導(dǎo)活性氧介導(dǎo)的線粒體功能障礙,觸發(fā)活性氧產(chǎn)生,最終導(dǎo)致ILD[4-5]。MDA5+DM患者干擾素-γ(interferon γ,IFN-γ)的表達(dá)亦升高,IFN-γ協(xié)同白細(xì)胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β誘導(dǎo)肺成纖維細(xì)胞中促炎性CX3C趨化因子配體1(CX3CL1)的表達(dá)[6]。除干擾素外,MDA5+DM患者血液和支氣管肺泡灌洗液中CD4+CXCR4+T細(xì)胞的比例增高,這些T細(xì)胞可以通過上調(diào)IL-21表達(dá)促進(jìn)肺成纖維細(xì)胞增殖。Liang等[7]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在MDA5+DM合并RP-ILD患者血清和肺組織中半乳糖凝集素-9(Galectin-9,Gal-9)表達(dá)水平升高,且Gal-9可刺激人胚肺成纖維細(xì)胞(MRC-5)過表達(dá)趨化因子配體(CCL)2,從而導(dǎo)致肺間質(zhì)纖維化。
抗ARS抗體是MSA中的主要亞型,是一組能夠識(shí)別胞質(zhì)氨?;鵷RNA合成酶的自身抗體。TRNA合成酶能促進(jìn)氨基酸與特定tRNA結(jié)合,在蛋白質(zhì)合成中至關(guān)重要??笰RS抗體陽性DM(ARS+DM)患者B細(xì)胞活化因子(B-cell activating factor,BAFF)通常表達(dá)水平較高,其通過增加效應(yīng)B細(xì)胞和Breg細(xì)胞而參與免疫應(yīng)答[8]。同型半胱氨酸可能通過氧化應(yīng)激加重肺纖維化[9]??筍AE抗體、抗TIF1-γ抗體、抗NXP2抗體和抗Mi-2抗體也可通過干擾素途徑參與DM-ILD的發(fā)生發(fā)展,但相關(guān)機(jī)制的研究尚少見[10]。
1.2 MAA在ILD中的作用機(jī)制 在MAA中,抗Ro52抗體與DM-ILD的高發(fā)病率顯著相關(guān)??筊o52抗體是Ro/SSA抗體的靶蛋白之一,抗Ro52抗體的功能包括參與泛素化過程、調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞周期、誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡及誘導(dǎo)氧化應(yīng)激[11]。在促炎環(huán)境下,抗Ro52抗體易位至細(xì)胞核中調(diào)節(jié)IFN-Ⅰ的產(chǎn)生[12]??筊o52抗體作為泛素化相關(guān)蛋白TRIM家族成員之一,具有泛素蛋白連接酶E3的作用。E3連接酶中的Smad泛素化調(diào)節(jié)因子2由轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)誘導(dǎo),并促進(jìn)肺上皮細(xì)胞向肌成纖維細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化,增加纖維化相關(guān)蛋白(如膠原和纖連蛋白)的表達(dá),進(jìn)而參與肺纖維化的發(fā)生。具有氧化應(yīng)激功能的抗Ro52抗體也參與上皮細(xì)胞的損傷和肺纖維化的發(fā)生發(fā)展[13]??筊o52抗體能夠通過與模式識(shí)別受體(pattern recognition receptors,PRR;如TLR3)和胞質(zhì)DNA傳感器(如DDX41)的相互作用調(diào)節(jié)先天免疫[14]。同時(shí),刺激核轉(zhuǎn)錄因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)的轉(zhuǎn)錄途徑,誘導(dǎo)多種細(xì)胞因子和催化因子[IL-6、腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、IFN-Ⅰ、CXC趨化因子配體10(CXCL10)、CCL2和CCL4]的產(chǎn)生,進(jìn)而參與ILD的發(fā)生發(fā)展??筊o52抗體作為人體中具有較高抗原性的蛋白質(zhì)之一,在肺組織中高度表達(dá),反映了其可能在宿主對(duì)病毒感染的應(yīng)答中發(fā)揮重要作用,進(jìn)一步解釋抗Ro52抗體與ILD之間的關(guān)聯(lián)[14]。
2 不同DM自身抗體相關(guān)ILD的臨床特點(diǎn)
2.1 MSA陽性DM患者ILD的臨床特點(diǎn) 不同DM自身抗體患者的ILD臨床特點(diǎn)各不相同。DM患者抗MDA5抗體陽性率為10%~35%[15],MDA5+DM是一種罕見但獨(dú)特的特發(fā)性炎性肌?。╥diopathic inflammatory myopathy,IIM)亞型。在不同人群中,MDA5+DM合并ILD(MDA5+DM-ILD)的發(fā)生率不同,以我國和日本人群更多見[16]。我國MDA5+DM-ILD的發(fā)生率為90%~95%,其中50%~80%為RP-ILD[17]。MDA5+DM-ILD患者最常見的臨床表現(xiàn)為DM特征性皮疹;此外,技工手、皮膚潰瘍、關(guān)節(jié)痛/關(guān)節(jié)炎、肌無力、自發(fā)性縱隔氣腫或氣胸的發(fā)生率亦較高;心臟受累(發(fā)生率<4%)、自發(fā)性肌內(nèi)出血(發(fā)生率<2%)和惡性腫瘤(發(fā)生率<5%)的發(fā)生率均較低[18]。MDA5+DM-ILD患者的高分辨率計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描(high resolution computed tomography,HRCT)表現(xiàn)以磨玻璃影(GGO)和實(shí)變更常見,較少表現(xiàn)為網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu),其組織學(xué)類型常無法分類[19]。
ARS+DM合并ILD(ARS+DM-ILD)的發(fā)生率為79%~95%[20]。在抗ARS抗體中,抗Jo-1抗體、抗PL-7抗體和抗PL-12抗體與ILD發(fā)生率之間存在顯著關(guān)聯(lián)。其中約80%抗Jo-1抗體陽性DM表現(xiàn)出ILD,高達(dá)90%的抗PL-7抗體陽性DM和抗PL-12抗體陽性DM有ILD表現(xiàn)[19]。Marco等[21]提出在抗PL-7/PL-12抗體陽性患者中,ILD常見于肌炎發(fā)生之前。ARS+DM-ILD的臨床病程通常為慢性,RP-ILD的發(fā)生率較低。ARS+DM-ILD患者組織學(xué)類型為非特異性間質(zhì)性肺炎(NSIP)的比例約為65%,其次是普通型間質(zhì)性肺炎(UIP)和機(jī)化性肺炎(OP),同時(shí)抗體亞型(包括Jo-1、抗PL-7、PL-12)的組織學(xué)類型無差異性,所有亞型均以NSIP為主[19]。
抗SAE抗體在MSA中屬于罕見抗體,其在DM患者中的陽性率為1%~8%[22]。抗SAE抗體是在MSA中與ILD相關(guān)的第3種肌炎抗體,近50%的抗SAE抗體患者合并ILD,其組織學(xué)類型常表現(xiàn)為OP[20]。
抗TIF1-γ抗體、抗NXP2抗體和抗Mi-2抗體陽性DM患者惡性腫瘤的發(fā)生率高,而發(fā)生ILD風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較低??筎IF1-γ抗體和抗Mi-2抗體陽性DM患者可能與ILD的發(fā)生呈負(fù)相關(guān)[2,23],抗TIF1-γ抗體和抗NXP2抗體陽性DM患者常與皮膚受累相關(guān),抗Mi-2抗體陽性DM患者常有皮膚和肌肉受累表現(xiàn)[24]。
2.2 MAA陽性DM患者ILD的臨床特點(diǎn) 抗Ro52抗體與ILD的高發(fā)病率相關(guān)??筊o52抗體陽性DM(Ro52+DM)患者在所有年齡段均可發(fā)生ILD,成年型Ro52+DM患者ILD異質(zhì)性顯著,其中75%為慢性間質(zhì)性肺病,25%為RP-ILD[15]。而14%的青少年DM患者中可檢出抗Ro52抗體,其中約33%合并ILD,且抗Ro52抗體與肺間質(zhì)病變嚴(yán)重程度密切相關(guān)[25]。Ro52+DM合并RP-ILD患者的組織學(xué)類型為OP,但對(duì)于慢性間質(zhì)性肺病患者,組織學(xué)類型以NSIP為主[11]。抗Ro52抗體通常與抗MSA共同出現(xiàn),這種抗體共存的DM患者更易發(fā)生RP-ILD[26]。
在MAA中,抗PM-Scl抗體陽性患者ILD的發(fā)生率較高,組織學(xué)類型以NSIP最常見,其次是UIP和OP[27]。而抗Ku抗體陽性DM患者發(fā)生ILD風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較低[20],抗Ku抗體陽性DM患者通常在DM發(fā)生至少12個(gè)月后才發(fā)展為ILD,提示此抗體與晚發(fā)型ILD相關(guān)[28]。
3 不同DM自身抗體相關(guān)ILD患者的預(yù)后
3.1 MSA陽性DM患者ILD的預(yù)后 在MSA中,MDA5+DM-ILD患者通常進(jìn)展迅速且預(yù)后較差。盡管給予積極的免疫抑制劑和糖皮質(zhì)激素治療,但MDA5+DM合并RP-ILD患者6個(gè)月病死率仍高達(dá)50%~70%[29]。既往不同隊(duì)列中報(bào)告了多種影響MDA5+DM-ILD預(yù)后的因素,如血清鐵蛋白、乳酸脫氫酶、涎液化糖鏈抗原(KL-6)、抗MDA5滴度、IL-15、表面活性蛋白、血清半乳糖凝集素和HRCT評(píng)分[30]?;诩韧鵐DA5+DM-ILD預(yù)后因素的報(bào)道,多項(xiàng)MDA5+DM-ILD的預(yù)后模型被提出。其中,一項(xiàng)大型回顧性研究提出名為“FLAW”新型復(fù)合風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)分模型用于預(yù)測MDA5+DM患者ILD的發(fā)生發(fā)展,其指標(biāo)包括發(fā)熱、乳酸脫氫酶>300 IU/L、年齡>50歲、中性粒細(xì)胞與淋巴細(xì)胞比值>7[31]。另有研究顯示,通過淋巴細(xì)胞、CD3+CD4+T細(xì)胞、細(xì)胞角蛋白19片段、氧合指數(shù)和抗Ro52抗體5個(gè)指標(biāo)所組成的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)測模型同樣能夠預(yù)測MDA5+DM-ILD患者的預(yù)后[32]。
ARS不同抗體亞型患者的臨床特征和預(yù)后有所不同。在202例抗ARS抗體陽性患者隊(duì)列中,抗Jo-1抗體陽性患者5年累積生存率為90%,10年為70%;而非抗Jo-1抗合成酶抗體患者5年累積生存率為75%,10年為47%[33]??笿o-1抗體陽性患者通常具有較好的預(yù)后及較低的病死率,抗EJ抗體、抗PL-7抗體和抗PL-12抗體陽性患者有較高的復(fù)發(fā)率,較高的復(fù)發(fā)率導(dǎo)致長期預(yù)后不良[34-35]。Marco等[21]提出由于抗EJ抗體、抗PL-7抗體和抗PL-12抗體陽性患者ILD多發(fā)生于肌炎之前,抗Jo-1抗體陽性患者的預(yù)后優(yōu)于其他患者,可能與抗Jo-1抗體陽性患者更易被識(shí)別,并能夠得到早期診斷和治療有關(guān)。與抗Jo-1抗體陽性者相比,抗EJ抗體陽性的DM-ILD患者發(fā)生呼吸衰竭和死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高[36]。ARS+DM-ILD患者對(duì)最初的免疫抑制治療反應(yīng)良好,通常在治療前6個(gè)月內(nèi)發(fā)生改善[37]。但是也有部分患者可能出現(xiàn)肺間質(zhì)纖維化,即便進(jìn)行免疫抑制治療,病情仍會(huì)持續(xù)惡化。ARS+DM-ILD患者在藥物減量或者停藥期間病情易復(fù)發(fā),復(fù)發(fā)率為30%~50%[38]。與MDA5+DM-ILD或ARS+DM-ILD患者相比,MSA非MDA5抗體中,抗SAE抗體和抗Mi-2抗體陽性DM-ILD患者對(duì)治療有更好的反應(yīng)及良好的預(yù)后。
3.2 MAA陽性DM患者ILD的預(yù)后 在MAA中,抗Ro52抗體常與抗ARS抗體及抗MDA5抗體共存。Gui等[15]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),DM患者抗Ro52抗體陽性率為57.1%,其中有64.9%與抗Jo-1抗體共存、34.5%與抗PL-7抗體共存、46.2%與抗PL-12抗體共存以及62.1%與抗MDA5抗體共存。研究顯示,與無抗Ro52抗體的患者相比,抗Ro52抗體和抗ARS抗體共存的患者RP-ILD的發(fā)生率和病死率更高[19]。具有兩種自身抗體的成年患者合并ILD的病情通常更為嚴(yán)重,更易發(fā)展為肺纖維化,且對(duì)各種免疫抑制藥物反應(yīng)較差,生存率降低。通過對(duì)不同MSA亞組進(jìn)一步分析得出,不論兒童或成人,同時(shí)具有抗Ro52抗體和抗MDA5抗體的患者發(fā)展為RP-ILD的概率以及病死率均顯著高于僅有抗MDA5抗體者[15]。因此,當(dāng)抗Ro52抗體與抗ARS抗體或抗MDA5抗體共存時(shí),DM患者ILD病情更嚴(yán)重,預(yù)后更差,病死率更高。
綜上所述,自身抗體是自身免疫性風(fēng)濕性疾病的特征性表現(xiàn),且已成為DM-ILD診斷和預(yù)后判斷的重要因素。然而,不同的DM自身抗體在ILD患者中有不同的臨床特點(diǎn)和預(yù)后,因此需要臨床醫(yī)生對(duì)DM-ILD患者進(jìn)行早期抗體的識(shí)別,并進(jìn)行積極干預(yù),以減少不良預(yù)后的發(fā)生。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] DEWANE M E,WALDMAN R,LU J. Dermatomyositis:Clinical features and pathogenesis [J]. J Am Acad Dermatol,2020,82(2):267-281. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2019.06.1309.
[2] WEN L,CHEN X,CHENG Q,et al. Myositis-specific autoantibodies and their clinical associations in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies:results from a cohort from China [J]. Clin Rheumatol,2022,41(11):3419-3427. doi:10.1007/s10067-022-06291-z.
[3] LIU Y,F(xiàn)ENG S,LIU X,et al. IFN-beta and EIF2AK2 are potential biomarkers for interstitial lung disease in anti-MDA5 positive dermatomyositis [J]. Rheumatology(Oxford),2023:kead117. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kead117.
[4] BUENO M,CALYECA J,ROJAS M,et al. Mitochondria dysfunction and metabolic reprogramming as drivers of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [J]. Redox Biol,2020,33:101509. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101509.
[5] PHAN T H G,PALIOGIANNIS P,NASRALLAH G K,et al. Emerging cellular and molecular determinants of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [J]. Cell Mol Life Sci,2021,78(5):2031-2057. doi:10.1007/s00018-020-03693-7.
[6] YE Y,CHEN Z,JIANG S,et al. Single-cell profiling reveals distinct adaptive immune hallmarks in MDA5+ dermatomyositis with therapeutic implications [J]. Nat Commun,2022,13(1):6458. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34145-4.
[7] LIANG L,ZHANG Y M,SHEN Y W,et al. Aberrantly expressed galectin-9 is involved in the immunopathogenesis of Anti-MDA5-positive dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease [J]. Front Cell Dev Biol,2021,9:628128. doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.628128.
[8] SHIM J A,JO Y,HWANG H,et al. Defects in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase cause partial B and T cell immunodeficiency [J]. Cell Mol Life Sci,2022,79(2):87. doi:10.1007/s00018-021-04122-z.
[9] SEKIGUCHI A,ENDO Y,YAMAZAKI S,et al. Plasma homocysteine levels are positively associated with interstitial lung disease in dermatomyositis patients with anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase antibody [J]. J Dermatol,2021,48(1):34-41. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.15602.
[10] LI M,ZHANG Y,ZHANG W,et al. Type 1 interferon signature in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and monocytes of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy patients with different myositis-specific autoantibodies [J]. Front Immunol,2023,14:1169057. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1169057.
[11] CERIBELLI A,TONUTTI A,ISAILOVIC N,et al. Interstitial lung disease associated with inflammatory myositis:Autoantibodies,clinical phenotypes,and progressive fibrosis [J]. Front Med (Lausanne),2023,10:1068402. doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1068402.
[12] ZAMPELI E,MAVROMMATI M,MOUTSOPOULOS H M,et al. Anti-Ro52 and/or anti-Ro60 immune reactivity:autoantibody and disease associations [J]. Clin Exp Rheumatol,2020,38 Suppl 126(4):134-141.
[13] INUI N,SAKAI S,KITAGAWA M. Molecular pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis,with focus on pathways related to TGF-β and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway [J]. Int J Mol Sci,2021,22(11):6107. doi:10.3390/ijms22116107.
[14] DECKER P,MOULINET T,PONTILLE F,et al. An updated review of anti-Ro52 (TRIM21) antibodies impact in connective tissue diseases clinical management [J]. Autoimmun Rev,2022,21(3):103013. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2021.103013.
[15] GUI X,SHENYUN S,DING H,et al. Anti-Ro52 antibodies are associated with the prognosis of adult idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-associated interstitial lung disease [J]. Rheumatology (Oxford),2022,61(11):4570-4578. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keac090.
[16] XU L,YOU H,WANG L,et al. Identification of three different phenotypes in anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis patients:implications for prediction of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease [J]. Arthritis Rheumatol,2023,75(4):609-619. doi:10.1002/art.42308.
[17] MCPHERSON M,ECONOMIDOU S,LIAMPAS A,et al. Management of MDA-5 antibody positive clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis associated interstitial lung disease:A systematic review [J]. Semin Arthritis Rheum,2022,53:151959. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.151959.
[18] WU W,GUO L,F(xiàn)U Y,et al. Interstitial lung disease in anti-MDA5 positive dermatomyositis [J]. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol,2021,60(2):293-304. doi:10.1007/s12016-020-08822-5.
[19] TEEL A,LU J,PARK J,et al. The role of myositis-specific autoantibodies and the management of interstitial lung disease in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies:a systematic review [J]. Semin Arthritis Rheum,2022,57:152088. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit. 2022.152088.
[20] GONO T,KUWANA M. Current understanding and recent advances in myositis-specific and -associated autoantibodies detected in patients with dermatomyositis [J]. Expert Rev Clin Immunol,2020,16(1):79-89. doi:10.1080/1744666x.2019.1699059.
[21] MARCO J L,COLLINS B F. Clinical manifestations and treatment of antisynthetase syndrome [J]. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol,2020,34(4):101503. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2020.101503.
[22] ALBAYDA J,MECOLI C,CASCIOLA-ROSEN L,et al. A North American Cohort of anti-sae dermatomyositis:clinical phenotype,testing,and review of cases [J]. ACR Open Rheumatol,2021,3(5):287-294. doi:10.1002/acr2.11247.
[23] WONG V T,SO H,LAM T T,et al. Myositis-specific autoantibodies and their clinical associations in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies [J]. Acta Neurol Scand,2021,143(2):131-139. doi:10.1111/ane.13331.
[24] TANBOON J,NISHINO I. Update on dermatomyositis [J]. Curr Opin Neurol,2022,35(5):611-621. doi:10.1097/WCO. 0000000000001091.
[25] SABBAGH S,PINAL-FERNANDEZ I,KISHI T,et al. Anti-Ro52 autoantibodies are associated with interstitial lung disease and more severe disease in patients with juvenile myositis [J]. Ann Rheum Dis,2019,78(7):988-995. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-215004.
[26] XING X,LI A,LI C. Anti-Ro52 antibody is an independent risk factor for interstitial lung disease in dermatomyositis [J]. Respir Med,2020,172:106134. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106134.
[27] GE Y,SHU X,HE L,et al. Interstitial lung disease is a major characteristic of patients who test positive for anti-PM/Scl antibody [J]. Front Med(Lausanne),2021,8:778211. doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.778211.
[28] VOJINOVIC T,CAVAZZANA I,CERUTI P,et al. Predictive features and clinical presentation of interstitial lung disease in inflammatory myositis [J]. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol,2021,60(1):87-94. doi:10.1007/s12016-020-08814-5.
[29] ROMERO-BUENO F,DIAZ DEL CAMPO P,TRALLERO-ARAGU?S E,et al. Recommendations for the treatment of anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-positive dermatomyositis-associated rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease [J]. Semin Arthritis Rheum,2020,50(4):776-790. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.03.007.
[30] LI X,LIU Y,CHENG L,et al. Roles of biomarkers in anti-MDA5-positive dermatomyositis,associated interstitial lung disease,and rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease [J]. J Clin Lab Anal,2022,36(11):e24726. doi:10.1002/jcla.24726.
[31] SO J,SO H,WONG V T,et al. Predictors of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease and mortality in patients with autoantibodies against melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 dermatomyositis [J]. Rheumatology(Oxford),2022,61(11):4437-4444. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keac094.
[32] GUI X,LI W,YU Y,et al. Prediction model for the pretreatment evaluation of mortality risk in anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis with interstitial lung disease [J]. Front Immunol,2022,13:978708. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.978708.
[33] AGGARWAL R,CASSIDY E,F(xiàn)ERTIG N,et al. Patients with non-Jo-1 anti-tRNA-synthetase autoantibodies have worse survival than Jo-1 positive patients [J]. Ann Rheum Dis,2014,73(1):227-232. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-201800.
[34] GAN Y Z,ZHANG L H,MA L,et al. Risk factors of interstitial lung diseases in clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis [J]. Chin Med J (Engl),2020,133(6):644-649. doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000000691.
[35] CHEN H,LIU H,LYU W,et al. An observational study of clinical recurrence in patients with interstitial lung disease related to the antisynthetase syndrome [J]. Clin Rheumatol,2023,42(3):711-720. doi:10.1007/s10067-022-06424-4.
[36] HUANG H L,LIN W C,LIN P Y,et al. The significance of myositis autoantibodies in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy concomitant with interstitial lung disease [J]. Neurol Sci,2021,42(7):2855-2864. doi:10.1007/s10072-020-04911-7.
[37] GONZ?LEZ-P?REZ M I,MEJ?A-HURTADO J G,P?REZ-ROM?N D I,et al. Evolution of pulmonary function in a cohort of patients with interstitial lung disease and positive for antisynthetase antibodies [J]. J Rheumatol,2020,47(3):415-423. doi:10.3899/jrheum.181141.
[38] TAKEI R,YAMANO Y,KATAOKA K,et al. Predictive factors for the recurrence of anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase antibody-associated interstitial lung disease [J]. Respir Investig,2020,58(2):83-90. doi:10.1016/j.resinv.2019.10.004.
(2023-09-29收稿 2023-10-13修回)
(本文編輯 陳麗潔)