GUANGDONG-HONG KONG-MACAO GREATER BAY AREA

Exploring the Relationship Between Hub Nodes in an Urban Innovation Network： Innovation Dynamics in Guangzhou and Shenzhen’s Biopharmaceutical Industry 4

Zhong Yun， Huang Siting

Abstract： Establishing an international center for science and technology innovation is one of the development goals for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area （GBA）. As the two core cities within the area， Guangzhou and Shenzhen serve as pivotal nodes in its innovation network. This study constructs a network based on the innovation connections in the biopharmaceutical industry in the GBA from 2007 to 2021， analyzing the relationships between Guangzhou and Shenzhen as core cities against the backdrop of the region’s overall innovation network characteristics. The research reveals that： （1） The innovation network in the GBA， centered on biopharmaceutical innovation， exhibits increasing density. The dual-core status of Guangzhou and Shenzhen is becoming more pronounced， with the pace of innovation cooperation between these two cities exceeding that of their collaborations with surrounding cities， although their influence on the surrounding cities varies. （2） The micro-level innovation network between Guangzhou and Shenzhen exhibits a multi-centric structure， with the network’s evolution trending toward complexity and multi-dimensionality. （3） Within this dual-core innovation relationship， the enthusiasm for initiating collaborative innovations differs among the micro-entities involved. The research indicates that advancing the construction of inter-city innovation networks and thus fostering a favorable “rainforest ecosystem” for innovation growth is an essential support for cultivating and developing innovation consortiums.

Keywords： urban innovation network; core cities; innovation correlation; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area; innovation consortium

The Synergistic Layout of Conference and Exhibition Industry in the Macao-Zhuhai Pole 15

Qin Jing， Weng Tianyuan， Cheng Mingyuan

Abstract： The conference and exhibition industry can be a pivotal breakthrough point for enhancing synergistic cooperation between Macao and Zhuhai in their industrial collaboration. This approach not only serves as a proactive response to the significant development strategy of deepening cooperation between Hengqin， Guangdong， and Macao， but also represents a crucial measure for the Macao-Zhuhai Pole to lead and facilitate new and greater advancements in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Drawing on theories of regional cooperation and industrial linkage， this article analyzes the strengths， weaknesses， and developmental directions of the conference and exhibition industries in Macao and Zhuhai. By incorporating relevant domestic and international case studies， it offers specific spatial layout recommendations for the exhibition industries of Macao and Zhuhai， focusing on three interconnected areas： the expansion of the exhibition industry， collaborative tourism and leisure， and integrated logistics services. These suggestions aim to serve as a reference for future explorations of synergistic layouts in other industries between Macao and Zhuhai.

Keywords： Macao-Zhuhai Pole; conference and exhibition industry; layout of areas; pole vitality; collaborative layout

URBAN SPACE

Rescaling for Renewal： A Spatial Analysis of Economic and Technological Development Zones’ Evolution into Comprehensive Functional New Areas―A Case Study of Yantai Huang-Bohai New Area 29

Li Fuying， Xiao Jian

Abstract： Encouraging and facilitating the transformation of Economic and Technological Development Zones into comprehensive functional new areas represents a pivotal initiative that aligns with national strategies regarding the development of these zones. It also reflects an intrinsic need for spatial production evolution. This article employs scale reconstruction theory to analyze the fundamental logic underlying this transition， with a case study of the Yantai Huang-Bohai New Area. The research posits that the transformation from an economic development zone to a comprehensive functional area represents a process of “scale elevation”. The shift involves the delegation of higher management authority， which in turn reshapes regional production， social， and governance relationships. The goal is to establish a structured framework for industrial collaboration， enhance the integration of urban and rural areas， and create a more streamlined governance architecture. The study identifies significant governance challenges faced by the Yantai Huang-Bohai New Area， characterized by the coexistence of multiple spatial entities and diverse policy frameworks. This has resulted in a loosely organized spatial development and a low level of urban-industrial integration. To address these challenges， the article proposes strategies that include integrating port and industrial functions， adjusting urban-industrial relationships， and implementing progressive governance mechanisms. These strategies aim to propel high-quality development within the new area， positioning it as a vital growth pole for regional economic advancement.

Keywords： Economic and Technological Development Zones; comprehensive functional new area; scale restructuring; spatial response; city-industry integration

The Evolution Mechanism of Wet Markets in Megacities： An Empirical Analysis of Guangzhou 42

Zhang Baixian， Luo Jiajia

Abstract： Based on spatial data of Guangzhou’s wet markets， this study employs methods such as kernel density estimation， Ripley’s K function， and negative binomial regression to thoroughly analyze the spatial evolution characteristics and influencing factors of these markets from 2005 to 2020. The results reveal that： （1） The spatial evolution of wet markets in Guangzho+KQErgwC4vRtVZbqTKdPf6lHk4i8+NviZxCOhhRKLMc=u shows a trend of gradual expansion from the old urban areas to the peripheral suburbs， aligning closely with the city’s development direction towards the east and south. （2） Different types of wet markets display distinct spatial clustering characteristics. Farmers’ markets are primarily concentrated in the western part of the central urban area， arranged around large markets such as Jiangnan Fruit and Vegetable Market and Huangsha Aquatic Products Market. Fresh supermarkets exhibit a clustered pattern based on population density， while retail vegetable stores are distributed along the city’s main roads， forming a “roadside market” pattern. （3） The spatial distribution of wet markets is a result of socio-economic factors， location conditions， land use， and market environment. Specifically， the distribution of farmers’ markets is most significantly affected by the presence of similar agricultural product markets and commercial land prices. The distribution of fresh food supermarkets is primarily influenced by the population size and the number of restaurants， while that of retail vegetable stores is most impacted by population size， commercial land area， the number of dining establishments， and the availability of public service facilities.

Keywords： wet market; fresh supermarket; retail vegetable store; spatial evolution; public space

Pathways to Revitalize Historic Scenic Areas in the Context of Comprehensive Preservation： The Practice From Qingping Ancient Market in Shenzhen 54

Tong Dan， Huang Jingyun， Zhu Zhenlong

Abstract： Historic scenic areas， as an indispensable component of modern urban ecological civilization， face the dual challenges of preservation and revitalization amidst rapid urbanization. Given their uniqueness and complexity， these districts often encounter dilemmas on the path toward sustainable development， including intensified homogenization of architectural styles， difficulties in balancing protection and development， and the loss of historical authenticity. To effectively address theseYRpFDX/FjOAgYwT1HzFAreH/V9nfOoJhb0GhdjOGGLM= contradictions and challenges， this paper introduces the concept of comprehensive preservation， which aims to strengthen the interconnectedness of all elements within historic scenic areas across the spatial， cultural， industrial， and social dimensions. This approach explores a new model of preservation and renewal that both respects historical contexts and promotes the integration of modern functions. Taking the historic area of Qingping Ancient Market in Shenzhen as a case study， the paper systematically elaborates on the revitalization and updating methodologies and design strategies centered on comprehensive preservation.

Keywords： historic scenic area; historical and cultural heritage; comprehensive preservation; renewal and revitalization; Qingping Ancient Market

URBAN ECONOMY

Risk Transmission and Influencing Factors of Guarantee Network of Urban Investment Platform 68

Zhao Weijia， Zhu Yixin

Abstract： Financial stability is an important component of national security. Ensuring financial stability and preventing systemic financial risks are critical for the healthy development of China's financial industry. This paper employs social network analysis to examine the guarantee data from province X's urban investment platform， covering the period from 2011 to 2023. We construct the guarantee network， explore its topological characteristics， and identify systematically important institutions. Using QAP regression analysis， we verify the factors influencing guaranteeing behavior. The results indicate that the guarantee network of province X’s urban investment platform exhibits small-world characteristics， suggesting potential risks within guarantee relationships. Variations in degree centrality and the presence of structural holes positively influence guarantee relationships， while similarities in enterprise registration locations and industries also have a positive effect. In contrast， differences in enterprise nature negatively impact guarantee relationships.

Keywords： urban investment platform; guarantee network; risk transmission; network analysis; QAP regression analysis

URBAN GOVERNANCE

The Influencing Factors and Effect Ways of Urban Infrastructure-Related Risks： A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of 20 Mega-Cities in China 81

Yang Xuefeng， Wei Shuangshuang

Abstract： The infrastructure of mega-cities is vulnerable due to the complexity of its interconnected networks. When faced with external risks， inadequate responses can lead not only to cascading failures within the infrastructure system but also to risk spillover and other related issues. This study examines the current development status of mega-cities in China within the context of a risk society and focuses on the vulnerabilities of their interconnected infrastructure networks. We select 20 cases of infrastructure risk events in Chinese mega-cities and employ qualitative comparative analysis （QCA） to identify the key factors influencing these risks. The findings reveal the relationships and effect ways between factors related to local government emergency management. Based on this analysis， we propose a four-dimensional safety supervision model—comprising regulatory execution， emergency capacity， subject behavior， and institutional norms — to enhance resilience in responding to risks effectively.

Keywords： urban infrastructure; vulnerability of infrastructure; qualitative comparative analysis of multiple cases; emergency management

From Self-Reliance to Collaborative Partnerships： Pathways for the Development of Civil Volunteer Organizations 98

Ou Zesen， Fu Chengzhe， Zhang Weikun

Abstract： Civil volunteer organizations， as important actors in this system， are increasingly significant in social governance， yet they face challenges related to legitimacy and resource scarcity. Focusing on the developmental trajectory of civil volunteer organization Z in City G， we observe that mobilizing stakeholders provides emotional incentives for the organization and builds the foundation for it to gain public attention and supports. We also find that social organizational mobilization fosters hub-like volunteer entities that supply essential resources to the organization. Furthermore， we notice that administrative mobilization leverages the political attributes of the Communist Youth League to expand operational space for these organizations， enabling them to engage in innovative governance practices. This developmental process is encapsulated in a framework of “stakeholder mobilization—social organization absorption—administrative empowerment.” This approach facilitates a bidirectional interaction between the hub-like civil volunteer entities and the Communist Youth League， offering valuable insights into the evolution of such volunteer organizations and the cultivation of a diverse， collaborative force in social governance.

Keywords： civil volunteer organizations; volunteer; social organizational mobilization; social governance

URBAN CULTURE

The Historical Transformation and Regional Characteristics of Lingnan Culture 110

Zuo Pengjun

Abstract： The historical evolution of Lingnan culture is a long and intricate process marked by significant transformations during key periods， including the Qin-Han， Tang-Song， Ming-Qing， Late Qing-Republic of China， and post-Reform and Opening eras. These pivotal moments not only shaped the trajectory of Lingnan culture but also profoundly influenced broader societal changes and the development of Chinese culture as a whole. As a distinctive regional cultural system within the larger framework of Chinese civilization， Lingnan culture embodies dynamic tensions and interactions among various elements： marginality and innovation， diversity and self-reliance， pragmatism and transcendence， inclusiveness and harmony， as well as conservatism and adaptability. Understanding these dialectical relationships clarifies both the ideological underpinnings and the external expressions of the temporal and regional characteristics of Lingnan culture.

Keywords： Lingnan culture; traditional culture; Chinese culture; regional characteristics

URBAN-RURAL INTEGRATION

The Neo-endogenous Developmen_{bcc6fb61b19d5323564d71aa3d894267db154ec9d0be2f08c643fa8e912d10e4}t Paths to Rural Community Life Units 117

Yin Chengzhi，Liu Luya

Abstract： The construction of rural community life units is crucial for promoting rural revitalization and facilitating urban-rural integration. Grounded in neo-endogenous development theory， this study conducts a longitudinal analysis of Village X in Town S， Beijing， incorporating resource-based， knowledge-based， and capability-based perspectives. The findings reveal that at various stages of development， the village effectively leverages existing resources to generate knowledge through interactions among both endogenous and exogenous actors. In this context， organizational capacity emerges as a key factor in coordinating efforts， reflecting the core values of rural development and fostering a series of neo-endogenous innovations in the establishment of rural community life units. This process features a feed-forward mechanism， where innovations from earlier stages enhance the resources available for subsequent stages， thereby ensuring the sustainable development of rural community life units. The neo-endogenous development pathway serves as a practical model for building a beautiful and harmonious countryside that is desirable to live and work in， while also facilitating the exploration of integrated urban-rural development strategies in the suburban villages of megacities.

Keywords： rural community life units; neo-endogenous development; integrated urban-rural development; organizational capability

Ecological Practices and Relational Production of Urban Farmers： A Case Study of Beijing Little Donkey Farm in the New Rural Construction Movement 133

Li Feiyu

Abstract： The pilot programs of community-supported agriculture （CSA） have fostered a group of urban farmers who engage in agricultural activities during their leisure time， creating an innovative model of agricultural production and cultural practice in suburban areas. This case study of Little Donkey Farm in Beijing utilizes observation， literature review， and interviews， to provide an in-depth analysis of the ecological practices of urban farmers. The findings reveal that based on objectives such as healthy food， recreation， retirement planning， anew3ayB+cjbbvy0hSbJZykA==d education， urban farmers are revitalizing a new lifestyle and production methods that restore the value of labor. This approach redefines the harmonious ecological relationship between humans and nature， as well as the friendly social relations among people. Simultaneously， it enhances the comprehensive benefits of agriculture while expanding its social functions in contemporary society. Looking forward， CSA holds significant potential for further development， including the establishment of cooperative platforms with rural farms， thus contributing to urban-rural integration.

Keywords： urban farmers; the New Rural Construction Movement; community-supported agriculture; ecological agriculture; urban-rural integration

OLD CITY， NEW VITALITY

Enhancing Quality of Life： The Theory and Local Implementation of Garden City Development 144

Liang Zengxian， Li Shan

Abstract： Up till now， the development of garden cities has evolved from a singular emphasis on expanding green spaces to a comprehensive approach that incorporates scene creation， activity engagement， and cultural empowerment. This evolution continually addresses the aspirations of citizens for an improved quality of life. The article examines and interprets the significance of garden city development within the broader history of urban growth. It analyzes the theoretical implications and defining characteristics of garden cities， delving into their construction pathways and development models. Furthermore， it outlines strategies for advancing the concept of garden city development， grounded in a vision for a better life， and seamlessly integrating it into urban planning and development frameworks. The article emphasizes that the construction of garden cities embodies a new paradigm of urban development， guided by the philosophy of green development. It advocates for a people-centered approach that fosters collaborative governance and shared benefits， aiming to create modern cities characterized by the coordinated development of economic， political， cultural， social， and ecological dimensions. Ultimately， this study provides both theoretical insights and practical implications for promoting the construction of garden cities in China.

Keywords： garden city; enhanced quality of life; ecological civilization; scene cultivation; new development philosophy

（Initial Translation： Tingting Wang， MTI Graduate Student at Renmin University of China;

Translation and Revision： Yunping Niu， Professor at Renmin University of China.）