尹繼友
too many,too much和much too的意義和用法是不同的。要區(qū)分它們,關(guān)鍵要看其中心詞。 too many中的too是修飾詞,many是中心詞; too much中的too是修飾詞,much是中心詞; much too中的much是修飾詞,too是中心詞。因此,在使用時(shí)只需要考慮后一個(gè)詞的用法就足夠了。下面分述如下:
too many的用法與many相同,用來修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。例如:
Hes got too many questions to ask you. 他有很多問題要問你。
They bought too many eggs yesterday. 昨天他們買了太多的雞蛋。
too much的用法與much相同,用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞。例如:
We both have too much work to do. 我們倆都有很多工作要做。
She spent too much money on clothes. 她花太多的錢買衣服。
The teacher told him not to spend too much time playing games. 老師叫他不要花太多的時(shí)間玩游戲。
Im afraid that Ive given you too much trouble. 恐怕我太麻煩你了。
另外,too much還可用作賓語(yǔ),也可在句中用作狀語(yǔ)。例如:
Youve given me too much. 你給我的太多了。
I have too much to do every day,so I am very busy. 我每天都有很多事情要做,所以我很忙。
Dont eat too much. 不要吃得太多。
He talked too much at the meeting,didnt he?他在會(huì)上講得太多了,是嗎?
much too的用法與too(副詞)相同,用來修飾原級(jí)形容詞或副詞。例如:
Youre walking much too fast. Slow down. 你走得太快了,慢點(diǎn)。
Im afraid that this cap is much too big for me. 這頂帽子我戴恐怕太大了。
Its much too cold outside. Youd better put on your overcoat. 外面太冷了,你最好把大衣穿上。
The sweater is very beautiful,but its much too dear. 這件毛衣很漂亮,但太貴了。
These shoes are much too big for me. 這些鞋子我穿起來太大了。
區(qū)別too much和much too時(shí),還需要了解詞類與句子成分之間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。
too much中的much可用作形容詞,其基本意義是“多”。 too much的意義是“過多的、過量的”,常常用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞。例如:
I have too much homework to do today. 今天我的家庭作業(yè)太多了。
He eats too much meat. 他吃太多的肉。
The homework is too much for the children. 孩子們的家庭作業(yè)太多了。
much也可用作副詞,常常用來修飾動(dòng)詞以及形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)。 too用來修飾much。 例如:
The boy is too much taller than his brother. 這男孩比他兄弟高得太多了。
She talks too much. 她說話太多。
much too中的much是副詞,用來修飾too,much too的意思是“太,非?!保脕硇揎椥稳菰~、副詞的原級(jí),但不能修飾形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí),也不能修飾名詞。例如:
1. They came here much too late. 他們到這里的時(shí)間太晚了。
2. They work much too hard. 他們工作太辛苦了。
【跟蹤練習(xí)】
1. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was_______ to carry all the way home.
A. much too heavy B. too much heavy
C. heavy too much D. too heavy much
2. —Do you need any help,Lucy?
—Yes. The work is_______ for me to do.
A. much too B. too much
C. too many D. not more than
3. We always keep_______ spare paper,in case we run out of it.
A. too much B. a number of
C. plenty of D. too many many
4. Oh,boy,you are killing_______ time this way. Cant you find something worth doing at all?
A. too B. much too C. too much D. too many
Key:1-4 ABCC
中學(xué)英語(yǔ)園地·教學(xué)指導(dǎo)版2008年8期