郭海鷗
(河南教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)編輯部,河南鄭州 450014)
《美國科學(xué)院院報(bào)》(PNAS)的特點(diǎn)及50篇閱讀量最多論文情況分析
郭海鷗
(河南教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)編輯部,河南鄭州 450014)
簡要介紹了《美國科學(xué)院院報(bào)》(PNAS)的基本情況及其用稿特點(diǎn),對截至2011年10月底PNAS的50篇閱讀量最多的論文進(jìn)行了分析.
PNAS;科技期刊;學(xué)科分布
《美國科學(xué)院院報(bào)》(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America(ISSN:0027-8424),簡稱PNAS)[1],周刊,Early Edition每日在線出版.《美國科學(xué)院院報(bào)》(PNAS)是與Nature、Science齊名,被引用次數(shù)最多的綜合學(xué)科文獻(xiàn)之一,自1915年創(chuàng)刊至今,PNAS始終致力前沿研究報(bào)告、學(xué)術(shù)評論、學(xué)科回顧及前瞻、學(xué)術(shù)論文以及美國國家科學(xué)學(xué)會學(xué)術(shù)動態(tài)的報(bào)道和出版.PNAS主要涵蓋生命科學(xué)、物理科學(xué)和社會科學(xué).PNAS目前主要被Index Medicus,PubMed Central,Current Contents,Medline,SPIN,JSTOR,ISI Web of Science和BIOSIS等文摘索引或引文分析或數(shù)據(jù)庫收錄,在SCI綜合學(xué)科類排名第三位,與《自然》、《科學(xué)》并稱世界三大綜合類科技期刊,已成為全球科研人員不可缺少的科研資料.
早期,該刊主要刊登數(shù)學(xué)、物理、生命科學(xué)、心理學(xué)及人類學(xué)方面的內(nèi)容,1965年,增加了“工程學(xué)科”欄目.20世紀(jì)70年代,生物醫(yī)學(xué)論文占了主導(dǎo)地位.1980年起分為“物理科學(xué)”(Physical Sciences)和“生物科學(xué)”(Biological Sciences)兩大主要部分,另外還發(fā)表“社會科學(xué)”(Social Sciences)論文.“物理科學(xué)”包括數(shù)學(xué)、物理學(xué)、天文學(xué)、化學(xué)、環(huán)境及統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)等;“生物科學(xué)”包括生物化學(xué)、生物物理學(xué)、細(xì)胞生物學(xué)、進(jìn)化生物學(xué)、進(jìn)化學(xué)、遺傳學(xué)、神經(jīng)生物學(xué)、生理學(xué)、人口生態(tài)學(xué)及生態(tài)學(xué)等.
PNAS將稿件分為3種模式(TrackⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ).PNAS文章在作者通訊地址的下方都會有一行以“Communicated by…”、“Edited by…”或“Contributed by…”字樣開頭的文字.
“Communicated by×××”是交流稿件,屬于第一類稿件(TrackⅠ),由美國科學(xué)院院士推薦,因此也可以稱為推薦稿.這類文章通常是由作者交于一個(gè)美國科學(xué)院院士(含外籍院士)交流,然后該院士再向PNAS推薦發(fā)表,這個(gè)×××就是院士的大名,每位院士每年最多只能推薦2篇.
“Edited by…”是大家所熟知的自由投稿方式,屬于第二類稿件(TrackⅡ),又稱直投稿(direct submission papers),是作者直接投向編輯部的稿件,也把這種方式稱為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)投稿方式(standard mode).但與其他雜志還是略有不同的.投稿時(shí)作者需要推薦3個(gè)編委,3個(gè)NAS院士和5個(gè)審稿人.據(jù)PNAS網(wǎng)站說該類投稿占所有稿件的80%左右,但錄用的卻只占40%.
第三類稿源是院士自己署名的文章(TrackⅢ),又稱貢獻(xiàn)稿(Contributed by…).此類稿件與TrackⅠ的不同之處在于院士直接作為作者之一,一般需要邀請2位審稿人給予評審意見并作修改,最后所有記錄一并交于編委,由編輯部決定錄用與否.每位院士此類文章不得超過4篇/年.
表1是截至2011年10月31日PNAS 50篇閱讀量最多的論文.
2.2.1 論文學(xué)科分布
依據(jù)PNAS的學(xué)科定義,50篇論文的具體學(xué)科分布如表2.論文篇數(shù)包括交叉學(xué)科的論文篇數(shù),共有5篇.可以看出,PNAS主要以發(fā)表生物科學(xué)類論文為主,兼顧其他學(xué)科,已成為生物醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域世界的權(quán)威期刊之一.PNAS近年來也加大了對交叉學(xué)科論文的重視力度,相繼刊發(fā)了一些有重要影響的論文.
序號 學(xué)科 作者 論文名稱 出版年卷(期) 17 Biological Sciences-Cell Biology Saori Sato,等3人 Modulation of Akt kinase activity by binding to Hsp90 2000 97(20) 18 Biological Sciences-Genetics Kevin Flurkey,等4人Lifespan extension and delayed immune and collagen aging in mutant mice with defects in growth hormone production 2001 98(12) 19 Physical Sciences-Geophysics Takashi Mochizuki, 等14人Pacific decadal oscillation hindcasts relevant to near-term climate prediction 2010 107(5) 20 SocialSciences-Environmental Sciences-Biological Sciences-Anthropology David D Zhang,等7人 From the Cover:The causality analysis of climate change and large-scale human crisis 2011 108(42) 21 Physical Sciences-Statistics-Biological Sciences-Genetics Marco F Ramoni,等3人 From the Cover:Cluster analysis of gene expression dynamics 2002 99(14) 22 Biological Sciences-Plant Biology Choong-Min Ryu,等7人 Bacterial volatiles promote growth in Arabidopsis 2003 100(8) 23 Physical Sciences-Environmental Sciences Kyle L Swanson,等3人 Long-term natural variability and 20th century climate change 2009 106(38) 24 Physical Sciences-Engineering Guoan Zheng,等5人 The ePetri dish,an on-chip cell imaging platform based on subpixel perspective sweeping microscopy(SPSM) 2011 108(41) 25 From the Academy Kathleen Collins,等3人 From the Academy:The cell cycle and cancer 1997 94(7) 26 Biological Sciences-Microbiology Defne Arslan,等5人 Distant Mimivirus relative with a larger genome highlights the fundamental features of Megaviridae 2011 108(42) 27 From the Academy-U.S.Frontiers Of Science Symposium: Jenny R Saffran,等3人 From the Academy:The acquisition of language by children 2001 98(23) 28 Nobel Lecture Stanley B Prusiner Nobel Lecture:Prions 1998 95(23) 29 Biological Sciences-Developmental Biology Wei Wang,等12人Rapid and efficient reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells by retinoic acid receptor gamma and liver receptor homolog 2011 30 Biological Sciences-Pharmacology Tao Jiang,等6人 Tumor imaging by means of proteolytic activation of cellpenetrating peptides 2004 101(51) 31 PNAS Classic Article-Mathematics: John F Nash,等2人 Equilibrium points in n-person games 1950 36(1) 32 Social Sciences-Psychology Susanne M Jaeggi,等4人 From the Cover:Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory 2008 105(19)
序號 學(xué)科 作者 論文名稱 出版年卷(期) 33 Editorial Alan Fersht The most influential journals:Impact Factor and Eigenfactor 2009 106(17) 34 Colloquium Paper Eric Bonabeau Colloquium Paper:Adaptive Agents,Intelligence,and Emergent Human Organization:Capturing Complexity through Agent-Based Modeling:Agent-based modeling: Methods and techniques for simulating human systems 2002 99(Suppl 3) 35 Biological Sciences-Psychology Philip Teitelbaum,等5人 Movement analysis in infancy may be useful for early diagnosis of autism 1998 95(23) 36 Biological Sciences-Evolution-Social Sciences-Anthropology Emmanuel Milot,等4人 Evidence for evolution in response to natural selection in a contemporary human population 2011 108(41) 37 Physical Sciences-Environmental Sciences James Hansen,等6人 Global temperature change 2006 103(39) 38 Retraction for Garman et al.,A genomic approach to colon cancer risk stratification yields biologic insights into therapeutic opportunities 2011 108(42) 39 Social Sciences-Anthropology Murray Gell-Mann,等2人 The origin and evolution of word order 2011 108(42) 40 Biological Sciences-Sustainability Science: Steven J Davis,等3人 The supply chain of CO2emissions 2011 41 Biological Sciences-Evolution Wolfgang Forstmeier,等5人From the Cover:Female extrapair mating behavior can evolve via indirect selection on males 2011 108(26) 42 PNAS Plus-BiologicalSciences-Biochemistry-Physical Sciences-Engineering Elisa Franco,等7人 PNAS Plus:Timing molecular motion and production with a synthetic transcriptional clock 2011 108(40) 43 PNASPlus-Biological Sciences-Anthropology Verena J Schuenemann,等13人PNAS Plus:From the Cover:Targeted enrichment of ancient pathogens yielding the pPCP1 plasmid of Yersinia pestis from victims of the Black Death 2011 108(38) 44 Biological Sciences-Genetics Aravind Subramanian,等11人From the Cover:Gene set enrichment analysis:A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles 2005 102(43) 45 Biological Sciences-Neuroscience Satoshi Nori,等14人Grafted human-induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived neurospheres promote motor functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice 2011 108(40) 46 Biological Sciences-Ecology-SocialSciences-Sustainability Science: Jason Hill,等5人 From the Cover:Environmental,economic,and energetic costs and benefits of biodiesel and ethanol biofuels 2006 103(30)
序號 學(xué)科 作者 論文名稱 出版年卷(期) 47 Biological Sciences-Neuroscience: Annette Denker,等10人 From the Cover:A small pool of vesicles maintains synaptic activity in vivo 2011 108(41) 48 Physical Sciences-Environmental Sciences Stephen G Osborn,等4人 Methane contamination of drinking water accompanying gas-well drilling and hydraulic fracturing 2011 108(20) 49 Biological Sciences-Ecology Lifeng Zhu,等5人 Evidence of cellulose metabolism by the giant panda gut microbiome 2011 108(43) 50 Biological Sciences-Biochemistry Jin Tang等2人 Structural diversity of self-cleaving ribozymes 2000 97(11)
表2 50篇論文的學(xué)科分布Tab.2 Disciplines distribution of the 50 papers
2.2.2 論文作者人數(shù)情況
由表3可以看出,現(xiàn)代科學(xué)研究正在走合作研究之路,靠個(gè)人才智取得突破越來越難了,特別是生物科學(xué).作者人數(shù)大于等于10的篇數(shù)已占總篇數(shù)的22%,一些交叉研究領(lǐng)域更是需要多人參與,才能取得突破.
表3 論文作者人數(shù)與學(xué)科情況Tab.3 Status of author number and discipline
2.2.3 論文發(fā)表時(shí)間情況
由表4可知,優(yōu)秀研究論文的影響是不可低估的,納什在1950年得到的成果,仍然是今天許多科研人員重要的參考資料.當(dāng)然不可否認(rèn),今日科技日新月異,特別是生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域,新成果層出不窮,2011年的15篇論文大多屬生物科學(xué)領(lǐng)域就證明了這一點(diǎn).
表4 論文發(fā)表時(shí)間統(tǒng)計(jì)Tab.4 Statistics of paper’s issue time
PNAS提供具有高水平的前沿研究報(bào)告、學(xué)術(shù)評論、學(xué)科回顧及前瞻、學(xué)術(shù)論文以及有關(guān)學(xué)術(shù)動態(tài)的報(bào)道和出版.PNAS收錄的文獻(xiàn)涵蓋生物、物理和社會科學(xué).在SCI綜合科學(xué)類期刊中排名第三位,在生物醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域影響巨大,因而已成為全球科研人員特別是生物醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究人員不可缺少的科研資料.
[1] National Academy of Sciences.About PNAS[EB/OL].[2011-10-31].http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/about.shtml.
[2] National Academy of Sciences.Most-Read Articles during October 2011[EB/OL].[2011-10-31].http://www.pnas.org/reports/most-read.
Characters of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America(PNAS)and Analysis on Most-Read 50 Articles
GUO Hai-ou
(Editorial Department,Henan Institute of Education,Zhengzhou450014,China)
Introduces basis status of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America(PNAS)and its character of adoption of articles,analyzes the most-read 50 papers of in PNAS till the end of October,2011.
PNAS;scientific journal;discipline distribution
G202
A
1007-0834(2011)04-0045-05
10.3969/j.issn.1007-0834.2011.04.015
2011-09-20
郭海鷗(1965—),男,河南靈寶人,河南教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)編輯部副教授.