国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

定語從句常見考點分析

2012-04-29 03:32:31王曉珊
考試周刊 2012年50期
關(guān)鍵詞:限定性主句先行

王曉珊

摘要: 定語從句是英語語法的重要內(nèi)容。從中學(xué)英語到大學(xué)英語,定語從句都是考查學(xué)生的一個重要考點。作者結(jié)合多年的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗,綜合各類考試分析,對定語從句的常見考點進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié),幫助廣大學(xué)生熟練自如地運(yùn)用定語從句。

關(guān)鍵詞: 定語從句英語考試常見考點

定語從句(Attributive Clauses)是由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo),在句中作定語的從句。它的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞,修飾或限定名詞及代詞,又稱為形容詞性從句。被定語句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞,定語從句由關(guān)系詞引出,通常緊跟在先行詞之后,其基本格式為:n./pron.+引導(dǎo)詞+從句。定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。各類考試中,主要考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇及與其他一些語言現(xiàn)象的綜合運(yùn)用,因此,學(xué)生在掌握定語從句基本用法的基礎(chǔ)上,應(yīng)主要掌握以下考點。

一、引導(dǎo)詞that與which之間的用法區(qū)別

1.先行詞為不定代詞 all,much,anything等或被all,much,every等修飾時,引導(dǎo)詞用that。

All that is worth doing should be done well.

2.先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞the only,the very,the right,以及the next,the last等修飾時,引導(dǎo)詞用that。

The only thing that they could do was to wait.

3.先行詞同時包含人和物時,引導(dǎo)詞用that。

Tom asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.

4.無論先行詞指人或指物,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作表語時,都用that引導(dǎo)定語從句,that也可省略。

He is no longer the man (that)he was.

5.主句以which,who開頭時,從句引導(dǎo)詞用that。

Which of his songs that he sang did you like most?

6.當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中作實義主語時,常用that指人或指物。

Theres still a room that is free.

7.句子中有兩個定語從句,其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用了which,另一個宜用that;反之亦然。有時為了明確所指對象避免歧義,須用who指人,which指物,用that則不恰當(dāng)。例:

Theres only one student in the school who (m) I wanted to see.

這個定語從句的先行詞顯然是student,為了明確起見,用who/whom 為好。

8.非限定性定語從句中,用which作引導(dǎo)詞,指代物或指代整個句子,此時不能用that。

Yesterday she sold her car,which she bought a year ago.

9.在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,先行詞指物,引導(dǎo)詞只能用which;先行詞指人,引導(dǎo)詞只能用whom。

Have you ever met the girl to whom I was talking?

10.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面有插入語時,通常用which而不用that。

Here is the English grammar which,as I have told you,will help improve your English.

11.先行詞為that或被that修飾時,引導(dǎo)詞用which。

That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.

二、引導(dǎo)詞whose 的用法

1.無論先行詞指人還是物,只要在從句中作定語,引導(dǎo)詞都用whose.

2.先行詞指物時,可以用of which代替whose.

He studies in a school whose buildings(=the buildings of which) are built on top of a hill.

三、as引導(dǎo)的限定性定語從句的用法

1.As引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句,常構(gòu)成“such/so/as/the same ... as ...”結(jié)構(gòu),as的先行詞可以是人或物,引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定的語法成分,as引導(dǎo)的定語從句帶有比較意義,從句常常只寫出比較部分,as本身不可省略。

He used such expressions as he could find in the texts.

2.such ... as與such ... that 的區(qū)別。

As在從句中充當(dāng)成分,引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,意思為“這樣的……如/像”,that在從句中不充當(dāng)成分,引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句,意思為“如此……以至于”。

Teachers talked in such simple English that children could understand it .(狀語從句)

Teachers talked in such simple English as children could understand.(定語從句)

3.The same ... as 與the same ... that的區(qū)別。

在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,as引導(dǎo)的從句指的是與先行詞同類的事物;that引導(dǎo)的從句指的是與先行詞同一個事物。

This is the same watch as I lost yesterday.(這塊手表和我昨天丟的手表的樣式是相同的。 )

This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.(這就是我昨天丟失的那個包。)

四、引導(dǎo)詞as與which之間的用法區(qū)別

1.As和which都可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句,指代整個句子,相當(dāng)于and this或and that。

The bridge is really wonderful,as is shown in the picture.

He has to work on Sundays,which he doesnt like.

2.As引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,其意思為“正如(情形或事實)……那樣、正像……一樣”;which不具有此意,常譯為“這”、“這點”。

I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day,as do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.

該句的非限定性定語從句只能用as,不能用which。

3.Which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句只能放在主句之后,用主動語態(tài);as引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句可放在主句之前、之后或中間,其后常接expect,know,report等動詞的主動、被動語態(tài)。在句法上,as常與一些實義動詞構(gòu)成固定搭配,如:as I remember,as has been said before,as often happens等。

He wasnt unconscious,as could be judged from his eyes.

He failed in the exam again,as we expected./which was unexpected.

五、than和but引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法

1.Than用作關(guān)系代詞,在定語從句中作主語或賓語,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:比較級+先行詞+than。Mike bought more English reference books than were needed.

2 But作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時,一般同具有否定意義的主句連用,其先行詞可以是人,也可以是物,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:否定詞+先行詞+but ,but本身具有否定含義,在意義上等于that ... not,who ... not,which ... not。

There is no parent but loves her child.

六、先行詞為way的定語從句

當(dāng)先行詞為way時,定語從句通常由in which/that引導(dǎo),也可以省略。

The way in which/ that he answered the question was surprising.

七、關(guān)系副詞的用法

當(dāng)先行詞表示時間、地點或原因的名詞,又在句中作狀語時,其引導(dǎo)詞分別用when、where、 why;也可用“介詞+which”來引導(dǎo):When=in which/ on which 等,where=in which /on which等,why=for which,但這類表示時間、地點、和原因的先行詞在從句中作其他成分時,引導(dǎo)詞要用that或which。

The day when/on which I met him first was March 8th.

八、定語從句與同位語從句的用法區(qū)別

同位語從句表示先行詞的內(nèi)容,that不可換成which;定語從句表示先行詞的特征,that可換成which。

Youll tell me the news that youve been admitted to key universities.(同位語從句)

Youll tell me the news that can make me excited. (定語從句)

九、非限定性定語從句與并列句之間的區(qū)別

從句子結(jié)構(gòu)形式來看,并列句中的分句雖然可以用逗號隔開,但通常還要有一個表示并列關(guān)系的等立連接詞,如and,or,but等連接,而非限定性定語從句與主句之間只有逗號沒有等立連詞;從語法關(guān)系來講,并列句中前后分句之間存在著連續(xù)并列、對比轉(zhuǎn)折、因果條件和選擇等關(guān)系,而非限定性定語從句通常用來修飾先行詞;當(dāng)題干中既有逗號又出現(xiàn)some/many/few/a few/little/much of which/whom結(jié)構(gòu)時,常為定語從句。

My friend showed me round the town,which was very kind of him.(非限定性定語從句)

十、定語從句與主謂一致

1.定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞that,who,which等做主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。

2.One of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞;the (only)one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)動詞。

He is one of the students who get there on time.

Tom is the only one of the students here who has been to China.

3.非限制性定語從句將整個主句作為先行詞對其進(jìn)行修飾時,從句謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。

He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me.

上述所列考點,屬于定語從句的重難點,也是必須掌握好的定語從句的基本知識點。在理解的基礎(chǔ)上掌握了這些知識點,對有關(guān)定語從句的考題就能應(yīng)對自如,并能提高閱讀理解能力和寫作能力。

參考文獻(xiàn):

[1]張鴻清編.英語語法精要.南開大學(xué)出版社,2000.3,(第1版).

[2]章振邦主編.新編英語語法教程,2000.2,(第3版).

猜你喜歡
限定性主句先行
盤點主從復(fù)合句中的時態(tài)
賓語從句考點梳理(二)
限定性范圍副詞“不過”的來源及其句法語義表現(xiàn)
Wheelchair basketball stars
健康養(yǎng)生“手”先行
關(guān)于對限定性凈資產(chǎn)及相關(guān)的資產(chǎn)、費用會計核算的幾點建議
從“先行先試”到“先行示范”
中國外匯(2019年23期)2019-05-25 07:06:26
黔貨出山 遵義先行
遵義(2017年8期)2017-07-24 18:11:30
黔貨出山 遵義先行
遵義(2017年6期)2017-07-18 11:32:10
限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別——走出習(xí)以為常的關(guān)于定語從句理