任師杰 張鳳妍 祁穎 崔琨明
法舒地爾對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子-β2誘導(dǎo)的人晶狀體上皮細(xì)胞遷移及細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)合成的影響△
任師杰 張鳳妍 祁穎 崔琨明
法舒地爾;后發(fā)性白內(nèi)障;晶狀體上皮細(xì)胞;細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)
目的探討法舒地爾對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子-β2(transforming growth factor-β2,TGF-β2)誘導(dǎo)的人晶狀體上皮細(xì)胞(lens epithelial cells,LECs)HLE-B3遷移及細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)合成的影響。方法將培養(yǎng)的HLE-B3分為以下4組:A組:含體積分?jǐn)?shù)10%胎牛血清的完全培養(yǎng)基;B組:含10 μg·L-1TGF-β2的完全培養(yǎng)基;C組:含15 μmol·L-1法舒地爾的完全培養(yǎng)基;D組:含10 μg·L-1TGF-β2+15 μmol·L-1法舒地爾的完全培養(yǎng)基。CCK-8法檢測不同濃度的法舒地爾對(duì)細(xì)胞增殖的影響,Transwell小室遷移實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測各組細(xì)胞遷移能力,ELISA法檢測各組細(xì)胞上清I型膠原(collange-I,COL-I)、纖維連接蛋白(fibronectin,F(xiàn)N)的表達(dá)。結(jié)果隨著法舒地爾干預(yù)濃度的增加,對(duì)HLE-B3細(xì)胞的增殖抑制作用逐漸增強(qiáng),各濃度組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.000)。隨著法舒地爾作用時(shí)間延長,對(duì)HLE-B3細(xì)胞增殖的抑制作用也逐漸增強(qiáng),各組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.000)。Transwell小室遷移實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示,48 h時(shí)A組、B組、C組、D組細(xì)胞穿過聚碳酸酯嵌套膜的個(gè)數(shù)分別為(29.17±1.17)個(gè)、(87.60±5.31)個(gè)、(15.60±1.07)個(gè)、(44.61±2.06)個(gè),各組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=111.614,P=0.000);B組較A組、D組較C組遷移細(xì)胞明顯增多(均為P=0.000);D組較B組、C組較A組遷移細(xì)胞明顯減少(P=0.000、P=0.003),但D組較A組、B組較C組細(xì)胞遷移數(shù)量明顯增多(P=0.003、P=0.000)。各組細(xì)胞上清液中FN、COL-I的含量于12 h開始升高,24 h、36 h時(shí)持續(xù)升高,48 h時(shí)增高明顯,各時(shí)間點(diǎn)各組間以及組內(nèi)各時(shí)間點(diǎn)間差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.05)。與A組相比,各時(shí)間點(diǎn)B組FN和COL-I蛋白的表達(dá)明顯增加(均為P<0.05);各時(shí)間點(diǎn)D組較B組顯著下降(均為P<0.05);但C組與A組比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P>0.05);D組與A組、C組與B組、C組與D組比較, COL-I、FN差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.05)。結(jié)論法舒地爾可抑制TGF-β2誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞遷移和細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)的合成,可能在后發(fā)性白內(nèi)障的防治過程中發(fā)揮作用。
[眼科新進(jìn)展,2014,34(5):418-421]
白內(nèi)障術(shù)后晶狀體囊殘留的晶狀體上皮細(xì)胞(lens epithelial cells,LECs)發(fā)生增生、遷移、膠原沉積以及晶狀體纖維再生導(dǎo)致后囊膜混濁(posterior capsular opacification,PCO),即后發(fā)性白內(nèi)障。研究表明,成人白內(nèi)障術(shù)后5 a內(nèi),約有43%的患者因PCO再度視力下降[1-3]。已有報(bào)道證實(shí),白內(nèi)障術(shù)后房水中轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子-β2(transforming growth factor-β2,TGF-β2)含量最高,其可誘導(dǎo)LECs發(fā)生斑塊聚集及產(chǎn)生豐富的細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)(extracellular matrix,ECM)成分[4]。三磷酸鳥苷(Ras homologue,Rho)為Ras超家族的一個(gè)亞群,是肌動(dòng)蛋白細(xì)胞骨架重新組裝的主要調(diào)節(jié)因子之一,研究表明它可以通過激活下游的關(guān)鍵靶效應(yīng)分子ROCK調(diào)節(jié)LECs的多種生物學(xué)行為[5]。法舒地爾是目前在臨床及實(shí)驗(yàn)中常用的Rho/ROCK信號(hào)通路選擇性抑制劑,可抑制細(xì)胞內(nèi)肌球蛋白輕鏈磷酸化的水平,從而抑制細(xì)胞骨架重裝[6-7]。目前關(guān)于法舒地爾對(duì)LECs的作用機(jī)制的報(bào)道尚少,本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過以法舒地爾干預(yù)HLE-B3,觀察其對(duì)TGF-β2誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞遷移及ECM合成的影響,為進(jìn)一步探討法舒地爾是否有助于防治PCO提供實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。
1.1 主要試劑與儀器 TGF-β2(美國Peprotech公司),DMEM培養(yǎng)基、胰蛋白酶(美國Gibco公司),胎牛血清(浙江杭州四季青公司),CCK-8試劑盒(日本Dojindo公司),鹽酸法舒地爾注射液(天津紅日藥業(yè)股份有限公司,規(guī)格:15 mg·mL-1),Transwell小室(Corning公司),二氧化碳培養(yǎng)箱(美國Forma公司),倒置相差顯微鏡(日本Olympus公司),96孔培養(yǎng)板、6孔培養(yǎng)板(美國Costar公司),超凈工作臺(tái)(蘇州凈化設(shè)備廠),臺(tái)式4℃離心機(jī)(德國Eppendorf公司),ELISA試劑盒(美國R&D公司)。
1.2HLE-B3的培養(yǎng)在37 ℃、體積分?jǐn)?shù)5%CO2的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi),用含體積分?jǐn)?shù)10%胎牛血清的DMEM低糖細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液培養(yǎng)HLE-B3細(xì)胞。當(dāng)細(xì)胞貼壁生長至瓶底80%后,用2.5 g·L-1胰蛋白酶12比例消化傳代,待細(xì)胞進(jìn)入對(duì)數(shù)生長期后進(jìn)行后續(xù)相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)。
1.3方法
1.3.1CCK-8法檢測法舒地爾對(duì)HLE-B3細(xì)胞增殖的抑制率取對(duì)數(shù)生長期HLE-B3細(xì)胞,制成單細(xì)胞懸液,按10×103個(gè)/孔密度接種于96孔板中,每孔體積100 μL。實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)藥物組、陰性對(duì)照組、空白組,藥物組加入法舒地爾,使其終濃度分別為10 μmol·L-1、20 μmol·L-1、40 μmol·L-1、60 μmol·L-1;陰性對(duì)照組加入與藥物組等容量的含體積分?jǐn)?shù)10%胎牛血清的DMEM低糖細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基;空白組也加入與藥物組等容量的PBS。每組設(shè)5個(gè)復(fù)孔,置37 ℃孵育箱中常規(guī)孵育,分別于細(xì)胞作用后12 h、24 h及48 h取樣,每孔加入CCK-8 10 μL繼續(xù)孵育2 h,上酶標(biāo)儀(波長425 nm)檢測各孔吸光度(A425)值,細(xì)胞增殖抑制率=[1-(A藥物組-A空白組)/(A陰性對(duì)照組-A空白組)]×100%。
1.3.2Transwell小室遷移實(shí)驗(yàn)將對(duì)數(shù)生長期HLE-B3細(xì)胞用不含胎牛血清的DMEM低糖細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng),去血清饑餓培養(yǎng)12 h后,以200 μL無血清培養(yǎng)基制成單細(xì)胞懸液按0.5×106個(gè)/孔種于上室,根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)分組配制培養(yǎng)基:A組:含體積分?jǐn)?shù)10%胎牛血清的完全培養(yǎng)基;B組:含10 μg·L-1TGF-β2的完全培養(yǎng)基;C組:含15 μmol·L-1法舒地爾的完全培養(yǎng)基;D組:含10 μg·L-1TGF-β2+15 μmol·L-1法舒地爾的完全培養(yǎng)基。將配制好的培養(yǎng)基按實(shí)驗(yàn)分組以每孔500 μL加入下室,培養(yǎng)48 h,取出Transwell小室,用棉簽拭去上室面的殘余細(xì)胞,體積分?jǐn)?shù)70%甲醛室溫固定10 min,結(jié)晶紫染色30 min,清水洗3遍,風(fēng)干后顯微鏡下觀察細(xì)胞,分別選取上下左右中間5個(gè)視野計(jì)數(shù)。
1.3.3ELISA法檢測HLE-B3細(xì)胞上清液中纖維連接蛋白、I型膠原的含量取常規(guī)傳代培養(yǎng)的HLE-B3細(xì)胞,經(jīng)消化、洗滌后,分別以每孔106mL-1的密度傳代接種HLE-B3細(xì)胞于6孔板,每孔2 mL。待細(xì)胞進(jìn)入對(duì)數(shù)生長期后,去血清饑餓培養(yǎng)12 h。分組方法和1.3.2相同,配制含有體積分?jǐn)?shù)10%胎牛血清的完全培養(yǎng)基后分別作用12 h、24 h、36 h、48 h。各時(shí)間點(diǎn)取各組細(xì)胞上清液,無菌管收集,3000 r·min-1、4 ℃離心20 min,仔細(xì)收集上清。ELISA法檢測細(xì)胞上清標(biāo)本中纖維連接蛋白(fibronectin,F(xiàn)N)和I型膠原(collange-I,COL-I)的含量。具體操作按ELISA試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行:在酶標(biāo)包被板上標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品孔加入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品后加樣,用封板膜封板并置于37 ℃溫育30 min后洗滌,拍干后每孔加入酶標(biāo)試劑50 μL(空白孔除外),再次溫育、洗滌后每孔加入顯色劑置于37℃避光顯色15 min,終止反應(yīng)后以空白孔調(diào)零,測定各孔的吸光度(A)值。
2.1不同濃度法舒地爾對(duì)細(xì)胞增殖的影響由表1可見:隨著藥物組法舒地爾干預(yù)濃度的增加,對(duì)HLE-B3細(xì)胞增殖的抑制作用逐漸增強(qiáng),各濃度組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。隨著法舒地爾作用時(shí)間延長,對(duì)HLE-B3細(xì)胞增殖的抑制作用也逐漸增強(qiáng),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。與10 μmol·L-1藥物組比較,同一時(shí)間點(diǎn)20 μmol·L-1、40 μmol·L-1、60 μmol·L-1藥物組法舒地爾的抑制率均明顯增強(qiáng),各時(shí)間點(diǎn)內(nèi)任何兩濃度組間差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P=0.000)。每個(gè)濃度藥物組各時(shí)間點(diǎn)兩兩比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P=0.000)。通過公式計(jì)算得HLE-B3細(xì)胞作用48 h的IC50為34 μmol·L-1。本實(shí)驗(yàn)用15 μmol·L-1(≈1/2IC50)的濃度做后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。
表1 不同濃度法舒地爾對(duì)HLE-B3細(xì)胞的增殖抑制率Table 1 Proliferation inhibition rate of different concentrations of fasudil on HLEC-B3(rate/%,±s)
2.2法舒地爾對(duì)TGF-β2誘導(dǎo)的HLE-B3遷移的影響細(xì)胞遷移實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,48 h時(shí)A組、B組、C組、D組穿過聚碳酸酯嵌套膜的細(xì)胞數(shù)分別為(29.17±1.17)個(gè)、(87.60±5.31)個(gè)、(15.60±1.07)個(gè)、(44.61±2.06)個(gè),各組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=111.614,P=0.000);在TGF-β2的誘導(dǎo)下,HLE-B3遷移運(yùn)動(dòng)能力明顯增強(qiáng),B組較A組、D組較C組遷移的細(xì)胞數(shù)量明顯增多(均為P=0.000);TGF-β2誘導(dǎo)HLE-B3遷移的作用可以被法舒地爾抑制, D組較B組、C組較A組遷移細(xì)胞數(shù)量明顯減少(P=0.000、P=0.003,見圖1); D組較A組、B組較C組遷移細(xì)胞數(shù)量明顯增多(P=0.003、P=0.000)。
Figure 1 Migration cells across the polycarbonate membrane at 48 hours with crystal violet staining (light microscope,×20).A:Group A;B:Group B;C:Group C;D:Group D Transwell小室遷移實(shí)驗(yàn)中48 h穿過聚碳酸酯膜結(jié)晶紫染色的細(xì)胞(×20)。A:A組;B:B組;C:C組;D:D組
2.3各組細(xì)胞上清液中FN和COL-I在不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)的含量各組細(xì)胞上清液中FN、COL-I的含量于12 h開始升高(表2-表3),24 h、36 h時(shí)持續(xù)升高,48 h時(shí)增高明顯,每個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)各組間差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.05),組內(nèi)各時(shí)間點(diǎn)間兩兩比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.05)。A組HLE-B3表達(dá)一定量的FN和COL-I,各時(shí)間點(diǎn)B組FN和COL-I蛋白表達(dá)較A組明顯增加,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.05);各時(shí)間點(diǎn)D組與B組相比FN、COL-I分泌量顯著下降,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.05);但各時(shí)間點(diǎn)C組COL-I、FN與A組比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P>0.05);D組與A組、C組與B組、C組與D組比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.05)。
表2 不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)各組HLE-B3細(xì)胞上清液中FN濃度Table 2 FN levels in supernatant at different time points of each group(±s,ρ/mg·L-1)
表3 不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)各組HLE-B3細(xì)胞上清液中COL-I濃度Table 3 COL-1 levels in supernatant at different time points of each group(±s,ρ/μg·L-1)
PCO的形成過程主要是由白內(nèi)障術(shù)后殘留的LECs過度增殖并移行于后囊膜,發(fā)生上皮-間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT),逐漸喪失上皮細(xì)胞間的黏附連接和縫隙連接,細(xì)胞骨架重組,細(xì)胞失去極性,導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞運(yùn)動(dòng)、遷移能力增強(qiáng),LECs在轉(zhuǎn)化增殖的同時(shí)還產(chǎn)生大量ECM,如果FN、COL-I等聚集于分化的細(xì)胞周圍,最終導(dǎo)致PCO的發(fā)生[8-9]。
多種信號(hào)通路參與PCO的形成過程,Rho/ROCK信號(hào)通路在維持LECs的生長和晶狀體的透明性中起重要的作用,LECs的小GTP結(jié)合蛋白的表達(dá)和分布異常與RhoGTP激酶的失活都可改變細(xì)胞的形態(tài)并導(dǎo)致PCO的形成[10]。Bhowmick等[11]認(rèn)為TGF-β可快速激活上皮細(xì)胞中RhoA信號(hào)通路,此通路激活后通過調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的DNA結(jié)合活性,可上調(diào)多種基因的表達(dá),從而誘導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生張力纖維和EMT;阻斷RhoA和其下游蛋白激酶p160ROCK,可抑制TGF-β誘導(dǎo)的上皮細(xì)胞EMT,說明由TGF-β誘導(dǎo)的上皮細(xì)胞的EMT依賴于RhoGTP激酶通路。法舒地爾在細(xì)胞水平可以調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞增殖、骨架重排、遷移黏附、炎癥細(xì)胞運(yùn)動(dòng)等[12]。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)法舒地爾對(duì)HLE-B3的增殖有顯著的抑制作用,隨著藥物干預(yù)濃度的增加,其對(duì)HLE-B3增殖的抑制效應(yīng)增強(qiáng),呈明顯的時(shí)間和濃度依賴性。已有研究結(jié)果證實(shí),異?;罨腞ho家族能啟動(dòng)腫瘤細(xì)胞無限增殖、浸潤和轉(zhuǎn)移的特性,Rho/ROCK信號(hào)通路在多種惡性腫瘤中均表達(dá)增高[13-14]。另有研究報(bào)道,在LECs、角膜上皮及視網(wǎng)膜內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞中,TGF-β具有上調(diào)基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶的作用,其可促進(jìn)基底膜及細(xì)胞周圍基質(zhì)蛋白水解,調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞遷移及粘連[15]。本研究遷移實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,在TGF-β2誘導(dǎo)下HLE-B3的運(yùn)動(dòng)遷移能力明顯增強(qiáng),而在法舒地爾環(huán)境中,TGF-β2刺激HLE-B3的遷移能力受到抑制,同時(shí)法舒地爾對(duì)體外培養(yǎng)的LECs的運(yùn)動(dòng)遷移能力也有一定的抑制作用。由此我們可以認(rèn)為,TGF-β2誘導(dǎo)的HLE-B3遷移依賴于RhoGTP激酶通路。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),體外培養(yǎng)的人 LECs HLE-B3可表達(dá)一定量的FN和COL-I,法舒地爾可抑制HLE-B3對(duì)FN和COL-I的分泌。TGF-β2增加了FN和COL-I的表達(dá),說明TGF-β2可促進(jìn)LECs分泌異常ECM,而法舒地爾對(duì)TGF-β2誘導(dǎo)的LECs中COL-I和FN的表達(dá)有抑制作用,由此推斷,在TGF-β2誘導(dǎo)作用下可導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞膜上的RhoA活化,RhoA的活化和表達(dá)增加能夠激活其下游的效應(yīng)分子Rho激酶,法舒地爾作為目前唯一應(yīng)用于臨床的Rho激酶抑制劑,作用于Rho/ROCK信號(hào)通路后,能夠下調(diào)由TGF-β2誘導(dǎo)的參與PCO形成的ECM合成。
綜上所述,法舒地爾能抑制TGF-β2誘導(dǎo)的HLE-B3細(xì)胞遷移及ECM合成,提示其有可能成為一種治療PCO的新方法,但其詳細(xì)的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制還有待于今后深入研究探討。
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date:Dec 17,2013
Postgraduate Research Foundation of Zhengzhou University(No:12Y03404)From theDepartmentofOphthalmology,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofZhengzhouUniversity(REN Shi-Jie,ZHANG Feng-Yan,QI Ying),Zhengzhou450052,HenanProvince,China;DepartmentofOphthalmology,theCentralHospitalofEnshi(CUI Kun-Ming),Enshi445000,HubeiProvince,China
Effects of fasudil on human lens epithelial cell migration and extracellular matrix synthesis induced by transforming growth factor-β2
REN Shi-Jie,ZHANG Feng-Yan,QI Ying,CUI Kun-Ming
fasudil;posterior capsule opacification;lens epithelial cells;extracellular matrix
Objective To investigate the effects of fasudil on human lens epithelial cell (HLEC)-B3 migration and extracellular matrix synthesis induced by transforming growth factor-β2(TGF-β2).Methods The cultured HLEC-B3 were divided into 4 groups:group A was the control group,the cells in group B were exposed in 10 μg·L-1TGF-β2,group C in 15 μmol·L-1fasudil and group D in 15 μmol·L-1fasudil+10 μg·L-1TGF-β2.Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 assay,and the mobility of HLE-B3 was evaluated by Transwell assay.Then ELISA method was used to check the protein content of the fibronectin (FN) and the collagen-I (COL-I) in the supernatant.Results After treatment with different concentrations of fasudil,the proliferation of HLE-B3 was significantly inhibited,there was statistical difference among each group (P=0.000).Fasudil inhibited HLE-B3 proliferation in a time dependent manner,there was statistical difference among different time points (P=0.000).Transwell migration assay showed that the number of migration cells across the polycarbonate membrane at 48 hours in group A,B,C,D were 29.17±1.17,87.60±5.31,15.60±1.07,44.61±2.06,respectively,there was statistical difference among each group (F=111.614,P=0.000),group B was obvious more than group A,and group D was obvious more than group C (allP=0.000),group D was obvious less than group B,group C was obvious less than group A (P=0.000,0.003),but group D was obvious more than group A,group B was more than group C (P=0.003,0.000).The contents of FN and COL-1 in supernatant of each group increased from 12 hours,sustained at 24 hours and 36 hours,obvious increased at 48 hours,there were statistical differences among different groups at different time points and among different time points of different groups (allP<0.05).Compared with group A,the expression of FN and COL-1 in group B at different time points obvious increased (allP<0.05),group D were obvious less than group B at different time points (allP<0.05),but there was no statistical difference between group C and group A (allP>0.05),and there were statistical differences between group A and D,group C and B,group C and D (allP<0.05).Conclusion Fasudil can inhibit the HLEC migration and extracellular matrix synthesis induced by transforming growth factor-β2,which may provide new options for prevention and treatment of posterior capsule opacification.
任師杰,女,1987年11月出生,在讀碩士研究生。聯(lián)系電話:13781998530;E-mail:renshijie2012@163.com
AboutRENShi-Jie:Female,born in November,1987.Postgraduate student.Tel:13781998530;E-mail:renshijie2012@163.com
2013-12-17
鄭州大學(xué)研究生科學(xué)研究基金項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):12Y03404)
450052 河南省鄭州市,鄭州大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院眼科(任師杰,張鳳妍,祁穎);445000 湖北省恩施市,恩施市中心醫(yī)院眼科(崔琨明)
張鳳妍,E-mail:zhangfengyanx@aliyun.com
任師杰,張鳳妍,祁穎,崔琨明.法舒地爾對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子-β2誘導(dǎo)的人晶狀體上皮細(xì)胞遷移及細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)合成的影響[J].眼科新進(jìn)展,2014,34(5):418-421.
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10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2014.0115
修回日期:2014-02-10
本文編輯:付中靜
Accepteddate:Feb 10,2014
Responsibleauthor:ZHANG Feng-Yan,E-mail:zhangfengyanx@aliyun.com
[RecAdvOphthalmol,2014,34(5):418-421]