黃玉霞
閱讀是吸收和積累,寫作是表達和支出,閱讀和寫作是密不可分的, 教師應把閱讀和寫作結(jié)合起來。
一、在閱讀課教學中讓學生了解各種文體的特點和規(guī)律
1. 記敘文
A.在記敘文的人物傳記類中,引導學生抓住文章的關(guān)鍵數(shù)字和時間,從而了解到人物的人生大事。學生通過對文章的閱讀和理解,把握好人物傳記的寫作特征,自己寫起人物傳記的文章也就得心應手。如Module 1 Unit 5 “Nelson Mandela—— a modern hero” Reading 1 “Eliasstory”
Date Event
1940 Elias was born.
1946 Elias began school.
1948 Elias left school.
1952 Elias met Mandela.
1963 Elias helped Mandela blow up some government buildings.
B.在記敘文的故事類中,引導學生抓住五要素的內(nèi)容,即When、where、who、what、how。如Module 7 Unit 3 “Listening Old Tom the Killer Whale”
When: I was 16 when I began work in June 1902.
On the afternoon I arrived at the station.
Where: At the whaling station.
On the boat at the sea.
Who: George, Jack, James and I.
What: Part1: An hunting experience about how the killer Whale helped the whalers to hunt a whale.
Part2: How the killer whale protected and saved James, the whaler.
How: Old Tom let the whalers know that there was a baleen whale nearby; he showed them the way to the whale.
2. 議論文
在議論性文章中,引導學生找出提出問題、分析問題、解決問題這三部分構(gòu)成。如Module 6 Unit 4 Reading 1 “The Earth Is Becoming Warmer——But does it matter?”
提出問題:There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer——but does it matter?
分析問題:Many scientists believe that people have caused the increase in the earth temperature through the burning of fossil fuels.
Some scientists think it is just a natural phenomenon.
解決問題:Many scientists suggest we should reduce using fossil fuels.
Some scientists think we should not worry about it.
3. 說明文
在說明性文章中,引導學生找出導言、正文和結(jié)束語這三個部分。 導言規(guī)定全篇的說明對象,正文展開說明,可采取不同的說明順序: 如時間順序、地點順序、特征順序、 和類別順序等等。結(jié)束語是文章的收尾部分,并非所有的文章都有結(jié)束語。 如Module 6 Unit 1 “Arts” Reading 1 “A Short History of Western Painting” 一文是分類說明文,也以時間順序來說明西方藝術(shù)的歷史,文章由四個小標題串成: The middle ages(5th to 15th century AD), The renaissance(15th to 16th century), Impressionism(late 19th to early 20th century) Modern art(20th century to today).
利用不同文章體裁的特點和規(guī)律,把培養(yǎng)閱讀理解能力和寫作能力結(jié)合起來。把握好不同文章體裁的特點和規(guī)律,為學生以后同類文體的文章寫作指明道路。
二、在閱讀課教學中讓學生了解文章的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)
不少文章采用總-分-總、總-分、分-總的寫法,第一段多為文章的主題段,作為文章的總起段,開門見山,直接點題。有的文章的主題段在文章的結(jié)尾,對全文進行總結(jié),起著畫龍點睛的作用。主題段可以迅速傳遞文章的話題或大意。教師應提醒學生關(guān)注主題段的閱讀和寫作。
在Module 6 Unit 4 Reading 1 “The Earth Is Getting Warmer- But does it matter?” 中,首段就是文章的主題段。下文第一部分(第一段)呼應文章的話題——The earth is getting warmer;文章的第二部分(第二段到四段)呼應首段提到的How does it come about? ;第三部分(第五段到九段)呼應首段的Does it matter? 。教師可引導學生利用首段對文章進行30個詞概括練習。如: The passage is mainly about the earth that is becoming warmer and the possible causes of it. Some think it is very serious while some dont think so.
責任編輯 邱 麗endprint