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NT—proBNP動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)定對(duì)急性呼吸窘迫綜合征合并感染性休克患者預(yù)后評(píng)估的價(jià)值

2014-10-23 10:19:32尹祥
中國(guó)當(dāng)代醫(yī)藥 2014年27期
關(guān)鍵詞:感染性休克急性呼吸窘迫綜合征

尹祥

[摘要] 目的 討論血漿NT-proBNP的動(dòng)態(tài)變化對(duì)ARDS合并感染性休克患者預(yù)后評(píng)估的價(jià)值。 方法 采用前瞻性觀察研究,收集51名ARDS合并感染性休克患者的血漿NT-proBNP指標(biāo)納入研究。入選患者于入住重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室第0、1、3天測(cè)定血漿NT-proBNP水平。根據(jù)住院28 d的死亡情況,將患者分為死亡組與生存組并比較兩組的NT-proBNP水平。應(yīng)用ROC曲線評(píng)價(jià)APACHEⅡ評(píng)分、NT-proBNP0、NT-proBNP1、NT-proBNP3、ΔNT-proBNP1、ΔNT-proBNP3、ΔNT-proBNP3-1對(duì)ARDS合并感染性休克患者病死率的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。根據(jù)截點(diǎn)值分組并進(jìn)行Kaplan-Meier分析。采用線性回歸分析ARDS合并感染性休克患者的死亡危險(xiǎn)因素。 結(jié)果 ROC曲線分析顯示,ΔNT-proBNP3是預(yù)測(cè)患者病死率的可靠指標(biāo)。ΔNT-proBNP3增長(zhǎng)百分比最佳截點(diǎn)值為30%,靈敏度為84.6%,特異度為89.4%,(P=0.000)。ΔNT-proBNP3增長(zhǎng)百分比<30%組較ΔNT-proBNP3增長(zhǎng)百分比≥30%組的累積生存率更高(χ2=62.693,P=0.000)。ΔNT-proBNP3增長(zhǎng)百分比≥30%是獨(dú)立死亡危險(xiǎn)因素。 結(jié)論 血漿NT-proBNP動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)定可能成為ARDS合并感染性休克患者預(yù)后評(píng)估的更有效的手段。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 氨基末端B型腦鈉肽前體;動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)定;急性呼吸窘迫綜合征;感染性休克;預(yù)后

[中圖分類號(hào)] R563.9 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2014)09(c)-0011-05

Value of prognostic evaluation of dynamic determination of NT-proBNP for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome complicated with septic shock

YIN Xiang

Department of Intensive Care Unit,Xiangxiang People′s Hospital of Xiangtan City in Hunan Province,Xiangtan 411400,China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the value of dynamic change of plasmic N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptid (NT-proBNP) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) complicated with septic shock. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted and the indicators of 51 patients with ARDS complicated with septic shock were included in the study.NT-proBNP plasma level were tested for the selected patients the zeroth,first,third in the ICU.Patients were divided into the death group and the survival group according to the death of 28 days in hospital and the NT-proBNP level in the two groups was compared.ROC curve was applied to evaluate the predictive value of ΔNT-proBNP1,ΔNT-proBNP3,ΔNT-proBNP3-1,NT-proBNP0,NT-proBNP1,NT-proBNP3 and APACHEⅡ score for the fatality rate in patients with ARDS complicated with septic shock.Patients were divided into groups according to the cut-off value and Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted.Death risk factor was assessed by linear regression analysis in patients. Results ROC curve analysis showed that ΔNT-proBNP3 was a reliable indicator of predicting the fatality rate of patients.The best cut-off value of the percentage of ΔNT-proBNP3 growth was 30%, the sensitivity was 84.6%,specificity 89.4% (P=0.000).The cumulative survival rate of the percentage of ΔNT-proBNP3 growth<30% group was higher than that of the the percentage of ΔNT-proBNP3 growth≥30% group (χ2=62.693,P=0.000). The percentage of ΔNT-proBNP3 growth≥30% was the independent risk factor of death. Conclusion Dynamic determination of plasma NT-proBNP may become a more effective means of prognostic evaluation in patients with ARDS complicated with septic shock.

[Key words] N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptid;Dynamic determination;Acute respiratory distress syndrome;Septic shock;Prognosis

最近,許多研究已經(jīng)報(bào)道了氨基末端B型腦鈉肽前體(N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptid,NT-proBNP)是準(zhǔn)確評(píng)估感染性休克和急性呼吸窘迫綜合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)預(yù)后的指標(biāo)之一[1-5]。本研究旨在評(píng)估NT-proBNP動(dòng)態(tài)水平變化測(cè)定是否能更好地預(yù)測(cè)ARDS合并感染性休克患者的預(yù)后。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

采用前瞻性研究方法,連續(xù)觀察2009年9月~2014年5月本院重癥醫(yī)學(xué)科收治的76名成年ARDS合并感染性休克患者。ARDS診斷根據(jù)1994年歐美聯(lián)席會(huì)議提出的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[6],感染性休克診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)根據(jù)2001年膿毒癥國(guó)際共識(shí)會(huì)議標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[7], 排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):年齡>75歲,近期心肌梗死,頑固性心臟衰竭,肺栓塞,終末期腎病疾病,年齡<18歲等。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),并獲得患者或近親家屬的書面簽字同意,符合醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

1.2 觀察指標(biāo)

①記錄一般資料:性別、感染部位、年齡、原發(fā)疾病、并發(fā)癥、序貫器官衰竭評(píng)分和APACHEⅡ評(píng)分;②記錄研究對(duì)象的血常規(guī)、血生化全套,微生物學(xué)證據(jù)、血?dú)夥治?、胸部X線檢查、去甲腎上腺素最大用量、心電圖及心臟超聲檢查的結(jié)果;③監(jiān)測(cè)入選患者第0、1、3天血漿NT-proBNP水平,測(cè)定血漿NT-proBNP水平變化值。

1.3 標(biāo)本采集與檢測(cè)

NT-proBNP測(cè)量:抽取外周靜脈10 ml全血到肝素化試管,在室溫下1 h內(nèi)測(cè)定。

1.4 治療

所有患者均給予小潮氣量肺保護(hù)治療[8]并按《成人嚴(yán)重感染與感染性休克血流動(dòng)力學(xué)監(jiān)測(cè)及支持指南》[9]標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化治療。

1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 16.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行分析,繪制受試者工作特征曲線(ROC曲線)評(píng)估預(yù)后;應(yīng)用Logistic回歸確定變量的死亡危險(xiǎn)性;生存分析是基于Kaplan-Meier法,生存曲線比較基于Log-rank檢驗(yàn);中位數(shù)兩組間比較應(yīng)用Mann-Whitney U秩和檢驗(yàn)方法,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 一般特征

在研究期間,76例ARDS合并感染性休克患者被送往ICU。6例年齡>75歲被排除,16例符合至少1個(gè)排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn),3例患者失訪。最終51例患者(40例男性和11例女性)納入研究,年齡19~73歲,平均(56±14.5)歲,24 h內(nèi)的APACHEⅡ評(píng)分中位數(shù)為19[四分位數(shù)間距(IQR)為9),SOFA評(píng)分中位數(shù)為8(IQR為5);去甲腎上腺素最大量0.3 μg/(kg·min)[IQR為0.1 μg/(kg·min)]。

2.2 死亡組與生存組血漿NT-proBNP水平變化的比較

第0天,兩組的NT-proBNP水平比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.810);兩組第1、3天的NT-proBNP水平比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。生存組第1、0天,第3、1天的NT-proBNP水平比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),死亡組的NT-proBNP水平呈增加趨勢(shì),第1、0天,第3、1天的NT-proBNP水平比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)(表1、圖1)。

表1 死亡組與生存組血漿NT-proBNP水平(中位值與IQR)

變化的比較(pg/ml)

與生存組同時(shí)間比較,Z=-0.247,*P=0.810;Z=-4.613,#P=0.000;Z=-5.5555,▲P=0.000

圖1 死亡組與生存組血漿NT-proBNP水平變化情況

2.3 7種指標(biāo)對(duì)ARDS合并感染性休克患者預(yù)后的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值

相同靈敏度時(shí),ΔNT-proBNP3的特異度最高(90.5%);ROC曲線下面積(AUC)以ΔNT-proBNP3曲線下面積最大(0.841,P=0.000)。ΔNT-proBNP3百分比最佳截點(diǎn)值為30%,靈敏度為84.6%,特異度為89.4%(P=0.000)(表2、圖2)。

表2 7種指標(biāo)對(duì)ARDS合并感染性休克患者預(yù)后的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值

ΔNT-proBNP:氨基末端B型腦鈉肽前體變化值;NT-proBNP0、NT-proBNP1、NT-proBNP3:第0天、第1天及第3天血漿NT-proBNP值;ΔNT-proBNP 3-1、ΔNT-proBNP1及ΔNT-proBNP3:第3天與第1天比較血漿NT-proBNP水平的變化值及第1天、第3天分別與第0天比較血漿NT-proBNP水平變化值

2.4 ΔNT-proBNP3增長(zhǎng)百分比<30%組和NT-pro BNP3增長(zhǎng)百分比≥30%組生存時(shí)間、累積生存率的比較

基于約登指數(shù),求出ΔNT-proBNP3增長(zhǎng)百分比截止值為30%,將患者分成兩組,并進(jìn)行生存期的Kaplan-Meier分析:ΔNT-proBNP3增長(zhǎng)百分比<30%組的生存時(shí)間為27.419 d,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤為0.420,95%CI為26.596~28.243 d;ΔNT-proBNP3增長(zhǎng)百分比≥30%組的生存時(shí)間為8.450 d,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤為1.180,95%CI為6.138~10.762 d,兩組的生存時(shí)間比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,ΔNT-proBNP3增長(zhǎng)百分比<30%組較ΔNT-proBNP3增長(zhǎng)百分比≥30%組的累積生存率更高(χ2=62.693,P=0.000)(圖3)。

2.5 ARDS合并感染性休克患者死亡危險(xiǎn)因素的單因素及多因素Logistic 回歸分析結(jié)果

單因素分析顯示,年齡、APACHEⅡ評(píng)分、SOFA評(píng)分、ΔNT-proBNP3增長(zhǎng)百分比為死亡的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05);多因素Logistic 回歸分析顯示,APACHEII評(píng)分、SOFA評(píng)分、ΔNT-proBNP3增長(zhǎng)百分比仍為死亡的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(P=0.000);ΔNT-proBNP3增長(zhǎng)百分比≥30%組較ΔNT-proBNP3增長(zhǎng)百分比<30%組死亡率更高(OR=51.40,P=0.000)(表3)。

3 討論

NT-proBNP水平升高與內(nèi)分泌增加有關(guān),主要由心臟壓力負(fù)荷升高及功能障礙所致[10-11]。ARDS合并感染性休克時(shí),低氧血癥可導(dǎo)致肺血管收縮,減少心肌的氧輸送及心排血量,這些都導(dǎo)致心臟功能失代償及壓力負(fù)荷增加。隨著病情的發(fā)展,肺纖維化和肺毛細(xì)血管閉塞的出現(xiàn),進(jìn)一步加劇了這種情況[12]。機(jī)械通氣可能引起胸腔內(nèi)壓力增大,從而影響心肌功能[13-14]。膿毒癥導(dǎo)致心肌功能障礙時(shí)也可能引起NT-proBNP水平升高[15]。徐小云等[16]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),NT-proBNP與APACHEⅡ評(píng)分對(duì)ARDS預(yù)后評(píng)估價(jià)值差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=1.12,P>0.05;Z=1.713,P>0.05)。Bajwa等[17]發(fā)現(xiàn)ARDS患者中死亡組的NT-proBNP水平顯著高于存活組(P<0.01)。NT-proBNP增長(zhǎng)者呼吸機(jī)支持的天數(shù)(P<0.05)和SOFA評(píng)分(P<0.01)顯著高于低NT-proBNP水平者。上述研究均支持NT-proBNP是預(yù)測(cè)ARDS合并感染性休克患者的死亡危險(xiǎn)的良好指標(biāo)之一。

不同疾病、相同疾病不同嚴(yán)重程度及不同的治療方法,引起NT-proBNP臨界值不同[17-21];另外,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)[22-23],NT-proBNP水平隨著年齡的增加,血漿濃度隨之增加;NT-proBNP水平在女性患者中表現(xiàn)更高,呈激素依賴性[24];這些多重混雜因素可能是存活者和死亡者之間NT-proBNP水平重疊的主要原因。不同研究報(bào)告出現(xiàn)不同的NT-proBNP預(yù)測(cè)截點(diǎn)值可能與不同檢測(cè)方法有關(guān)[25],因此,NT-proBNP絕對(duì)水平及其截點(diǎn)值可能并不能很好地預(yù)測(cè)危重患者的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

我們的研究關(guān)注NT-proBNP動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)定,正是因?yàn)镹T-proBNP測(cè)定存在多種混雜因素。Phua等[26]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)NT-proBNP絕對(duì)水平在生存組與死亡組比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;第1天與入選時(shí)NT-proBNP水平變化值相對(duì)第3天與入選時(shí)NT-proBNP水平變化值,并不能更好地預(yù)測(cè)感染性休克患者預(yù)后。Park等[27]研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),NT-proBNP水平變化的百分比Kaplan-Meier分析的最佳臨界值為30%,且以截點(diǎn)值分組比較累積生存率及生存期有顯著差別(P<0.01)。多項(xiàng)研究均獲得與本研究一致的結(jié)果。

本研究的局限性在于小樣本、單中心研究降低了實(shí)驗(yàn)的準(zhǔn)確性,還有入選患者28 d死亡率偏高。這些均影響了本研究結(jié)果的普遍性。其次,ARDS和感染性休克協(xié)同作用時(shí)對(duì)NT-proBNP分泌影響的內(nèi)在機(jī)制并不在本研究范圍內(nèi)。

綜上所述,NT-proBNP水平變化值及增長(zhǎng)百分比是ARDS合并感染性休克患者預(yù)后的良好預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo)之一。NT-proBNP水平動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)定可能有助于復(fù)雜條件下,如ARDS合并感染性休克患者預(yù)后的早期預(yù)測(cè)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分層。

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[13] Luecke T,Roth H,Herrmann P,et al.Assessment of cardiac preload and left ventricular function under increasing levels of positive end-expiratory pressure[J].Intensive Care Med,2004,30(1):119-126.

[14] 秦英智.機(jī)械通氣與心肺相互作用[J].中國(guó)危重病急救醫(yī)學(xué),2005,17(8):449-451.

[15] Court O,Kumar A,Parrillo JE,et al.Clinical review:myocardial depression in sepsis and septic shock[J].Crit Care,2002, 6(6):500-508.

[16] 徐小云,湯展宏,胡軍濤,等.血漿氨基末端B型腦鈉肽前體在急性呼吸窘迫綜合征中應(yīng)用價(jià)值的探討[J].中國(guó)急救醫(yī)學(xué),2013,33(11):994-998.

[17] Bajwa EK,Januzzi JL,Gong MN,et al.Prognostic value of plasma N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide levels in the acute respiratory distress syndrome[J].Crit Care Med,2008,36(8):2322-2327.

[18] Roch A,Allardet-Servent J,Michelet P,et al.NH2 terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide plasma level as an early marker of prognosis and cardiac dysfunction in septic shock patients[J].Crit Care Med,2005,33(5):1001-1007.

[19] Varpula M,Pulkki K,Karlsson S,et al.Predictive value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in severe sepsis and septic shock[J].Crit Care Med,2007,35(5):1277-1283.

[20] 黃志儉,柯明耀,康麗娟,等.B型腦鈉肽對(duì)膿毒癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分層及預(yù)后判斷的初探[J].中國(guó)危重病急救醫(yī)學(xué),2011, 23(8):495-496.

[21] 陳立,李蘭,呂波,等.血必凈注射液對(duì)急性肺栓塞兔B型腦鈉肽水平的影響[J].中國(guó)中西醫(yī)結(jié)合急救雜志,2013, 20(6):345-348.

[22] McLean AS,Huang SJ,Nalos M,et al.The confounding effects of age,gender,serum creatinine,and electrolyte concentrations on plasma B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations in critically ill patients[J].Crit Care Med,2003,31 (11):2611-2618.

[23] Hall C.NT-ProBNP:the mechanism behind the marker[J].J Card Fail,2005,11(5 Suppl):S81-S83.

[24] Chang AY,Abdullah SM,Jain T,et al.Associations among androgens,estrogens,and natriuretic peptides in young women:observations from the Dallas Heart Study[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2007,49(1):109-116.

[25] 史曉敏,徐國(guó)賓,夏鐵安.B型尿鈉肽的生物學(xué)特性及其測(cè)定的臨床應(yīng)用[J].臨床檢驗(yàn)雜志,2005,23(1):67-70.

[26] Phua J,Koay ES,Lee KH.Lactate,procalcitonin,and amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide versus cytokine measurements and clinical severity scores for prognostication in septic shock[J].Shock,2008,29(3):328-333.

[27] Park BH,Park MS,Kim YS,et al.Prognostic utility of changes in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide combined with sequential organ failure assessment scores in patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome concomitant with septic shock[J].Shock,2011,36(2):109-114.

(收稿日期:2014-07-05 本文編輯:許俊琴)

[6] Bernard GR,Artigas A,Brigham KL,et al.The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS.Definitions,mechanisms,relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination[J].Am J Resp Crit Care,1994,149(3 Pt 1):818-824.

[7] Levy MM,F(xiàn)ink MP,Marshall JC,et al.2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference[J].Intensive Care Med,2003,29(4):530-538.

[8] No authors listed.Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network[J].N Engl J Med,2000,342(18):1301-1308.

[9] 中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)重癥醫(yī)學(xué)分會(huì).成人嚴(yán)重感染與感染性休克血流動(dòng)力學(xué)監(jiān)測(cè)與支持指南(2006)[J].中國(guó)實(shí)用外科雜志,2007,27(1):7-13.

[10] Clerico A,Recchia FA,Passino C,et al.Cardiac endocrine function is an essential component of the homeostatic regulation network:physiological and clinical implications[J].Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2006,290(1):H17-H29.

[11] 賈洪艷,武子霞,趙春玲.B型腦鈉肽聯(lián)合Tei 指數(shù)評(píng)估慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的右心功能[J].中華危重病急救醫(yī)學(xué),2013,25(8):495-496.

[12] Ware LB,Matthay MA.The acute respiratory distress syndrome[J].N Engl J Med,2000,342(18):1334-1349.

[13] Luecke T,Roth H,Herrmann P,et al.Assessment of cardiac preload and left ventricular function under increasing levels of positive end-expiratory pressure[J].Intensive Care Med,2004,30(1):119-126.

[14] 秦英智.機(jī)械通氣與心肺相互作用[J].中國(guó)危重病急救醫(yī)學(xué),2005,17(8):449-451.

[15] Court O,Kumar A,Parrillo JE,et al.Clinical review:myocardial depression in sepsis and septic shock[J].Crit Care,2002, 6(6):500-508.

[16] 徐小云,湯展宏,胡軍濤,等.血漿氨基末端B型腦鈉肽前體在急性呼吸窘迫綜合征中應(yīng)用價(jià)值的探討[J].中國(guó)急救醫(yī)學(xué),2013,33(11):994-998.

[17] Bajwa EK,Januzzi JL,Gong MN,et al.Prognostic value of plasma N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide levels in the acute respiratory distress syndrome[J].Crit Care Med,2008,36(8):2322-2327.

[18] Roch A,Allardet-Servent J,Michelet P,et al.NH2 terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide plasma level as an early marker of prognosis and cardiac dysfunction in septic shock patients[J].Crit Care Med,2005,33(5):1001-1007.

[19] Varpula M,Pulkki K,Karlsson S,et al.Predictive value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in severe sepsis and septic shock[J].Crit Care Med,2007,35(5):1277-1283.

[20] 黃志儉,柯明耀,康麗娟,等.B型腦鈉肽對(duì)膿毒癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分層及預(yù)后判斷的初探[J].中國(guó)危重病急救醫(yī)學(xué),2011, 23(8):495-496.

[21] 陳立,李蘭,呂波,等.血必凈注射液對(duì)急性肺栓塞兔B型腦鈉肽水平的影響[J].中國(guó)中西醫(yī)結(jié)合急救雜志,2013, 20(6):345-348.

[22] McLean AS,Huang SJ,Nalos M,et al.The confounding effects of age,gender,serum creatinine,and electrolyte concentrations on plasma B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations in critically ill patients[J].Crit Care Med,2003,31 (11):2611-2618.

[23] Hall C.NT-ProBNP:the mechanism behind the marker[J].J Card Fail,2005,11(5 Suppl):S81-S83.

[24] Chang AY,Abdullah SM,Jain T,et al.Associations among androgens,estrogens,and natriuretic peptides in young women:observations from the Dallas Heart Study[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2007,49(1):109-116.

[25] 史曉敏,徐國(guó)賓,夏鐵安.B型尿鈉肽的生物學(xué)特性及其測(cè)定的臨床應(yīng)用[J].臨床檢驗(yàn)雜志,2005,23(1):67-70.

[26] Phua J,Koay ES,Lee KH.Lactate,procalcitonin,and amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide versus cytokine measurements and clinical severity scores for prognostication in septic shock[J].Shock,2008,29(3):328-333.

[27] Park BH,Park MS,Kim YS,et al.Prognostic utility of changes in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide combined with sequential organ failure assessment scores in patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome concomitant with septic shock[J].Shock,2011,36(2):109-114.

(收稿日期:2014-07-05 本文編輯:許俊琴)

[6] Bernard GR,Artigas A,Brigham KL,et al.The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS.Definitions,mechanisms,relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination[J].Am J Resp Crit Care,1994,149(3 Pt 1):818-824.

[7] Levy MM,F(xiàn)ink MP,Marshall JC,et al.2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference[J].Intensive Care Med,2003,29(4):530-538.

[8] No authors listed.Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network[J].N Engl J Med,2000,342(18):1301-1308.

[9] 中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)重癥醫(yī)學(xué)分會(huì).成人嚴(yán)重感染與感染性休克血流動(dòng)力學(xué)監(jiān)測(cè)與支持指南(2006)[J].中國(guó)實(shí)用外科雜志,2007,27(1):7-13.

[10] Clerico A,Recchia FA,Passino C,et al.Cardiac endocrine function is an essential component of the homeostatic regulation network:physiological and clinical implications[J].Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2006,290(1):H17-H29.

[11] 賈洪艷,武子霞,趙春玲.B型腦鈉肽聯(lián)合Tei 指數(shù)評(píng)估慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的右心功能[J].中華危重病急救醫(yī)學(xué),2013,25(8):495-496.

[12] Ware LB,Matthay MA.The acute respiratory distress syndrome[J].N Engl J Med,2000,342(18):1334-1349.

[13] Luecke T,Roth H,Herrmann P,et al.Assessment of cardiac preload and left ventricular function under increasing levels of positive end-expiratory pressure[J].Intensive Care Med,2004,30(1):119-126.

[14] 秦英智.機(jī)械通氣與心肺相互作用[J].中國(guó)危重病急救醫(yī)學(xué),2005,17(8):449-451.

[15] Court O,Kumar A,Parrillo JE,et al.Clinical review:myocardial depression in sepsis and septic shock[J].Crit Care,2002, 6(6):500-508.

[16] 徐小云,湯展宏,胡軍濤,等.血漿氨基末端B型腦鈉肽前體在急性呼吸窘迫綜合征中應(yīng)用價(jià)值的探討[J].中國(guó)急救醫(yī)學(xué),2013,33(11):994-998.

[17] Bajwa EK,Januzzi JL,Gong MN,et al.Prognostic value of plasma N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide levels in the acute respiratory distress syndrome[J].Crit Care Med,2008,36(8):2322-2327.

[18] Roch A,Allardet-Servent J,Michelet P,et al.NH2 terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide plasma level as an early marker of prognosis and cardiac dysfunction in septic shock patients[J].Crit Care Med,2005,33(5):1001-1007.

[19] Varpula M,Pulkki K,Karlsson S,et al.Predictive value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in severe sepsis and septic shock[J].Crit Care Med,2007,35(5):1277-1283.

[20] 黃志儉,柯明耀,康麗娟,等.B型腦鈉肽對(duì)膿毒癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分層及預(yù)后判斷的初探[J].中國(guó)危重病急救醫(yī)學(xué),2011, 23(8):495-496.

[21] 陳立,李蘭,呂波,等.血必凈注射液對(duì)急性肺栓塞兔B型腦鈉肽水平的影響[J].中國(guó)中西醫(yī)結(jié)合急救雜志,2013, 20(6):345-348.

[22] McLean AS,Huang SJ,Nalos M,et al.The confounding effects of age,gender,serum creatinine,and electrolyte concentrations on plasma B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations in critically ill patients[J].Crit Care Med,2003,31 (11):2611-2618.

[23] Hall C.NT-ProBNP:the mechanism behind the marker[J].J Card Fail,2005,11(5 Suppl):S81-S83.

[24] Chang AY,Abdullah SM,Jain T,et al.Associations among androgens,estrogens,and natriuretic peptides in young women:observations from the Dallas Heart Study[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2007,49(1):109-116.

[25] 史曉敏,徐國(guó)賓,夏鐵安.B型尿鈉肽的生物學(xué)特性及其測(cè)定的臨床應(yīng)用[J].臨床檢驗(yàn)雜志,2005,23(1):67-70.

[26] Phua J,Koay ES,Lee KH.Lactate,procalcitonin,and amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide versus cytokine measurements and clinical severity scores for prognostication in septic shock[J].Shock,2008,29(3):328-333.

[27] Park BH,Park MS,Kim YS,et al.Prognostic utility of changes in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide combined with sequential organ failure assessment scores in patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome concomitant with septic shock[J].Shock,2011,36(2):109-114.

(收稿日期:2014-07-05 本文編輯:許俊琴)

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