孫文經(jīng)
人教版高中英語模塊1中Unit 5有這樣一個句子:
The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 過去30年來所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)力,阻擋我們的進步,一直到今天,我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)力都沒有的階段。
這里,The last thirty years是無生命的名詞,在句中直接充當主語。英語中,這種句子被稱為無生命主語句。無生命主語句的主語是“賦予了生命的、具有人的意識特征的”主語,而這種主語之所以能被賦予生命、具有人的意識特征,是通過它與表示人的感覺、意識、情感或動作之類的動詞謂語搭配使用實現(xiàn)的。
無生命主語句,是英語書面語中常見的一種典型句型,是一種極具英語民族特色的句式,主要是運用擬人或借代的修辭手法,使句子結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,語言新鮮活潑、精煉傳神,增添文趣、形象性和可感性,可收到幽默、委婉、清新的藝術(shù)效果。讓讀者在閱讀時有一種爽心悅目之感。
常用于無生命主語句的謂語動詞有:see,find,witness,peer,keep,make,drive,prevent,enable,show, lead,come,reach,bring,show,tell,say,kill,greet,invite,kiss,seize,form,appear等表示感覺、意識、情感或動作之類的動詞。
試比較下列句子:
1. 最近幾個月發(fā)生了越來越多的交通事故。
a. More and more traffic accidents have happened in the last few months.
b. The last few months has seen more and more traffic accidents.
2. 天氣不好,大家都呆在屋里。
a. Everyone stayed indoor on account of the bad weather.
b. The bad weather kept everyone indoors.
3. 看她的表情,大家就知道她心里的秘密。
a. Everyone knows the secret in his mind by his expression.
b. His expression tells everyone the secret in his mind.
4. 上星期,我出差到上海。
a. I went to Shanghai on business last week.
b. Business took me to Shanghai last week.
5. 太陽剛剛?cè)炯t地平線。
a. The sun was just gently touching the horizon.
b. The sun was just kissing the horizon.
6. 登上甲板,我們便見到了一輪紅日。
a. We saw the morning sun as we came out on the deck.
b. The morning sun greeted us as we came out on the deck.
7. 大雪造成北京多日的交通堵塞。
a. A heavy snow caused traffic blocks in Beijing for days.
b. A heavy snow visited Beijing and caused traffic blocks for days.
以上例句中的謂語動詞(黑體字)都是表示感覺、意識、情感或動作之類的動詞,正是這類用于描寫人的各類詞語用于描寫事物,賦予各種“物”以人類特有的言行或思想感情,擬人使無生命主語句更加具有感染力和生命性,使表現(xiàn)對象栩栩如生、活靈活現(xiàn),并使其特征更為突出感人。
8. 對不起,我的錢不夠,買不起這雙鞋。
a. Sorry, I dont have enough money to buy such a pair of shoes.(I cant afford such a pair of shoes.)
b. Sorry, my pocket cant afford such a pair of shoes.
9. 普雷斯利一登臺,整個音樂廳爆發(fā)出一片歡呼聲。
a. The minute Presley took the stage,the audiences in the museum hall burst into cheers.
b. The minute Presley took the stage,the museum hall burst into cheers.
10. 老年人急需幫助。
a. Old people are in bad need of help.
b. White hair is crying for help.
第8句的主語my pocket 實際上是指the money in my pocket;第9句中的主語the museum hall 是指 the audiences in the museum hall; 第10句中的white hair 是指old people,恰當?shù)厥褂媒璐?,可以突出本實物的特征,使語言新鮮,表達形象、生動。endprint
總之,通過以上句子比較不難發(fā)現(xiàn)a句平鋪直敘、呆板單調(diào),而b句比a句更出彩,更富表現(xiàn)力,更能讓讀者眼前一亮。所以不管是在寫作還是在說話中巧用無生命主語句會讓你的表達“語”眾不同。
即時練習(xí)
請翻譯下列句子。
1. 這座老房子曾有過風(fēng)光的日子。
2. 一個更好的計劃開始在我腦子里形成。
3. 半秒鐘的猶豫使他失去了第一的位置。
4. 他們相信很快就會有人來幫忙。
5. 清晨好些人在公園里鍛煉身體。
6. 中華人民共和國成立于1949年10月1日。
7. 由于酒駕,今年道路交通事故大增。
8. 這些地區(qū)見證了經(jīng)濟和社會的持續(xù)發(fā)展。
9. 小汽車不知道往哪兒開。
10. 芝加哥隊剛剛又獲得了一個冠軍。
參考答案:
1. This old house has seen better days.
2. A better plan began to form in my mind.
3. Half a seconds hesitation cost him the first place.
4. They felt sure that help would come very soon.
5. Morning found a lot of people doing sports in the park.
6. Oct 1,1949, saw/ witnessed the foundation of the Peoples Republic of China.
7. This year has seen a big increase in road accidents due to drunk driving.
8. These regions have witnessed continued economic and social development.
9. The car doesnt know where he is going.
10. Chicago has just won another Championship.
(作者單位:廣州市南武中學(xué))
責(zé)任編校 蔣小青endprint