趙卓姝 張秀群 曾 韻
(廣東省佛山市順德區(qū)婦幼保健院產(chǎn)科,廣東 佛山 528300)
6例兇險(xiǎn)型前置胎盤剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)中使用Bakri球囊止血的臨床分析
趙卓姝張秀群曾 韻
(廣東省佛山市順德區(qū)婦幼保健院產(chǎn)科,廣東 佛山 528300)
目的 探討B(tài)arkri球囊在兇險(xiǎn)型前置胎盤剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)的止血效果。方法 選取我院收治的6例實(shí)施剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)的兇險(xiǎn)型前置胎盤產(chǎn)婦作為研究對(duì)象,在術(shù)中均使用Bakri球囊止血,記錄產(chǎn)婦的圍術(shù)期出血量并觀察其并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況及新生兒的健康情況。結(jié)果 6例行Bakri球囊止血的產(chǎn)婦均取得了不錯(cuò)的效果,所有產(chǎn)婦均未出現(xiàn)Bakri球囊置入并發(fā)癥。出血量500~1000 mL者4例,>1000 mL者2例。6例產(chǎn)婦均保留子宮。5例新生兒正常分娩且身體健康,1例因胎齡過(guò)小家屬放棄搶救新生兒。結(jié)論 使用Bakri球囊止血能夠減少兇險(xiǎn)型前置胎盤剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)中出血量,降低子宮切除風(fēng)險(xiǎn),具有積極的臨床意義。
兇險(xiǎn)型前置胎盤;剖宮產(chǎn);Bakri球囊;出血量
兇險(xiǎn)型前置胎盤是近年來(lái)臨床上常見的婦產(chǎn)科疾?。?],近年來(lái),隨著剖宮產(chǎn)率的上升,兇險(xiǎn)型前置胎盤的發(fā)生率也呈現(xiàn)著逐漸增高的趨勢(shì)[2]。產(chǎn)后出血是兇險(xiǎn)型前置胎盤的主要臨床癥狀,一旦處理不當(dāng),產(chǎn)婦極有可能面臨切除子宮的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),嚴(yán)重者還會(huì)危及產(chǎn)婦及新生兒的生命安全[3]。本文回顧性分析了我院婦產(chǎn)科在兇險(xiǎn)型前置胎盤剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)中使用Bakri球囊止血的臨床資料,以期明確Bakri球囊止血的臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值,現(xiàn)將體會(huì)報(bào)道如下。
1.1一般資料:選取2013年3月至2014年2月我院收治的6例兇險(xiǎn)型前置胎盤產(chǎn)婦作為研究對(duì)象,所有產(chǎn)婦均經(jīng)彩超檢查,初步排除胎盤植入。對(duì)所有產(chǎn)婦都實(shí)施剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)進(jìn)行分娩。產(chǎn)婦年齡最小24歲,最大37歲,平均(31.2±4.8)歲;孕周最短26周,最長(zhǎng)35周,平均(31.3 ±2.2)周;孕次最少3次,最多6次,平均(3.2±0.8)次;人流次數(shù)最少2次,最多4次,平均(2.6±0.7)次;前置胎盤類型包括中央性4例,部分性2例。
1.2方法:為產(chǎn)婦行剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)時(shí)盡量避開血管,切口盡可能避開胎盤組織,用有齒的組織鉗鉗夾切口邊緣出血點(diǎn),使用宮縮劑增強(qiáng)宮縮等待胎盤自然分娩。如遇自娩胎盤困難者,用手指指腹尋找到胎盤與子宮壁之間的間隙后,徒手剝離胎盤,剝離時(shí)盡量避免剝離面滲血,減少術(shù)中出血量。待胎兒和胎盤分娩之后,將Bakri球囊通過(guò)子宮切口塞入宮腔,把球囊部位放置于宮腔,導(dǎo)管塞出陰道并加以固定。以常規(guī)方式縫合關(guān)閉子宮切口,切忌刺破球囊。注入300~400 mL無(wú)菌水探查宮腔壓力,留意觀察導(dǎo)管排出孔出血狀況,術(shù)后24 h靜脈滴注20 U縮宮素后將球囊取出。
1.3療效觀察:測(cè)量產(chǎn)婦圍術(shù)期的出血量;觀察產(chǎn)婦應(yīng)用Bakri球囊止血的并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況;記錄新生兒的存活情況并采用新生兒Apgar評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)其進(jìn)行評(píng)分。
6例兇險(xiǎn)型前置胎盤產(chǎn)婦均行剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)進(jìn)行分娩,剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)中使用Bakri球囊止血均取得成功,沒有1例出現(xiàn)Bakri球囊置入并發(fā)癥。產(chǎn)婦出血量500~1000 mL者4例,1000~1500 mL者2例。5例新生兒存活,1例因孕26+周而放棄搶救新生兒。依照新生兒Apgar評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分別于產(chǎn)后1、5 min對(duì)其進(jìn)行評(píng)分,5例存活新生兒均在8~10分的正常范圍內(nèi),提示5例存活新生兒均健康。
前置胎盤的誘發(fā)因素眾多,患者胎盤附著于子宮下段,而此處子宮收縮較弱,開放的血竇難以完全閉合,因此極易出現(xiàn)難以控制的產(chǎn)后大出血[4]。因此要確保剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)的順利完成,必須在手術(shù)過(guò)程中采取迅速、有效的止血措施[5]。宮腔填塞無(wú)菌紗布、按摩子宮、縫合抽血血管、子宮動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎、藥物增強(qiáng)宮縮、子宮動(dòng)脈栓塞是剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)中常用的止血技術(shù),盡管它們都能再不同程度上起到止血效果,但都存在一定的局限性,某些操作對(duì)手術(shù)醫(yī)師本身技術(shù)要求也較高,并不是所有的醫(yī)院都具備所需的條件,因而難以大范圍尤其是基層醫(yī)院廣泛應(yīng)用[6-7]。
本文調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),6例使用Bakri球囊進(jìn)行止血的行剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)的兇險(xiǎn)型前置胎盤產(chǎn)婦均取得了較為理想的效果,沒有1例患者出現(xiàn)不可控的圍術(shù)期大出血,6例產(chǎn)婦成功保留子宮;5例產(chǎn)婦成功分娩健康新生兒,僅有1例因胎齡過(guò)小家屬放棄搶救。Bakri球囊填塞是一種非入侵性止血技術(shù),操作簡(jiǎn)單,方便易學(xué)。Bakri球囊填塞是通過(guò)壓迫胎盤剝離面的血竇而增加宮腔壓力的,機(jī)械性壓迫會(huì)刺激子宮肌層,反射性引發(fā)子宮收縮而達(dá)到止血目的[8]。Bakri球囊是專門針對(duì)產(chǎn)后出血而設(shè)計(jì)的球囊,球囊膨脹后的流體靜水壓具有一定的可塑性,可以隨宮腔形態(tài)而改變,因而非常貼合子宮內(nèi)腔,可以充分填塞子宮起到壓迫全部?jī)?nèi)壁達(dá)到暫時(shí)性止血的效果。此外,Bakri球囊具有很好的彈性,因而不會(huì)影響子宮的正常收縮,避免填塞過(guò)緊可能引發(fā)的子宮收縮障礙[9]。
綜上所述,兇險(xiǎn)型前置胎盤產(chǎn)婦剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)使用Bakri球囊止血可減少圍術(shù)期出血量,降低子宮切除的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),提高新生兒正常分娩的概率,是一項(xiàng)具有較高臨床應(yīng)用的價(jià)值的剖宮產(chǎn)止血技術(shù)。
[1]瞿斌,沈建東,張碧云,等.兇險(xiǎn)型前置胎盤不同階段介入栓塞治療的效果研究[J].現(xiàn)代婦產(chǎn)科雜志,2013,22(11):907-908.
[2]楊迪瓊,徐利平,王偉玲,等.兇險(xiǎn)型前置胎盤患者行剖宮產(chǎn)終止妊娠的圍手術(shù)期護(hù)理[J].護(hù)理與康復(fù),2012,11(3):252-253.
[3]Garofalo G,Pilloni E,Alemanno MG,et al.Sensitivity and specificity of echography in the diagnosis of placental accretism in patients with diagnosis of placenta praevia[J].Placenta,2013,34(9):84.
[4]張麗,楊孜.優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理服務(wù)模式指導(dǎo)下的護(hù)理干預(yù)措施對(duì)兇險(xiǎn)性前置胎盤患者的影響[J].中國(guó)醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào),2013,10(9):136-137.
[5]Chaturvedi S,Panicker J,Mohan SB.Massive blood transfusion in a post cesarean patient with placenta praevia[J].Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia,2012,28(4): 293-297.
[6]胡路琴,劉正平,劉雁.兇險(xiǎn)型前置胎盤剖宮產(chǎn)術(shù)中采用胎盤邊緣切口的26例臨床分析[J].現(xiàn)代婦產(chǎn)科進(jìn)展,2013,22(8):685-686.
[7]Ghi T,Contro E,Martina T,et al.Cervical length and risk of antepartum bleeding in women with complete placenta previa[J]. Uhrasound Obstet Gynecol,2009,31(2): 209-212.
[8]王怡靜,林開枝.產(chǎn)后出血使用Bakri球囊聯(lián)合子宮動(dòng)脈下行支結(jié)扎止血8例臨床分析[J].吉林醫(yī)學(xué),2013,34(32):6763-6764.
[9]尹恒,肖梅.BAKRI球囊治療產(chǎn)后出血在婦幼保健機(jī)構(gòu)中的應(yīng)用[J].公共衛(wèi)生與預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué),2013,24(4):116-117.
Clinical Analysis of Bakri Balloon in Performing Cesarean Hysterectomy for Patients with Pernicious Placenta Previa in 6 Cases
ZHAO Zhuo-shu, ZHANG Xiu-qun, ZENG Yun
(Department of Obstetrics, Foshan Shunde District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Foshan 528300, China)
Objective To investigate the hemostatic effect of Bakri balloon in patients with pernicious placenta previa performed with cesarean hysterectomy. Methods6 cases with pernicious placenta previa were enrolled in this study, Bakri balloon was carried out in all patients during performing casarean hysterectomy,perioperative blood loss, complications of puerperal and the health status of neonatus were recorded for effect evaluation. Results All of these 6 patients were in good situation after treated with Bakri balloon, none of them had complication of imbedding Bakri balloon. Blood loss between 500 and 1000 mL had 4 cases, >1000 mL had 2 cases. Utereses were preserved completely in 6 cases. 5 neonatus were labored normally, all of them were in good health, and 1 case of gestational age was too small to give up rescue. Conclusion The application of Bakri balloon could cut down blood loss amount and reduce the risk of hysterectomy during performing cesarean hysterectomy in pernicious placenta previa, so Bakri balloon had positive clinical effect in curing pernicious placenta previa.
Pernicious placenta previa; Caesarean section; Bakri balloon; Blood loss
R714.43
B
1671-8194(2015)17-0029-02