徐景俊,張 麗,盧曉瀟,潘 寧,崔國利,王 薇
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·專題研究·
二維斑點追蹤成像對急性心肌梗死患者經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入效果的評價及其與高敏肌鈣蛋白T的相關(guān)性
徐景俊,張 麗,盧曉瀟,潘 寧,崔國利,王 薇
目的 采用二維斑點追蹤成像(2D-STI)評價急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入(PCI)治療的效果,探討梗死節(jié)段縱向應(yīng)變(LS)峰值與高敏肌鈣蛋白T(hs-cTnT)的相關(guān)性。方法 選取2012年12月—2013年12月于佳木斯大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院接受PCI術(shù)的AMI患者40例為研究對象,按照心肌梗死部位分為急性前壁心肌梗死組(21例)和急性下壁心肌梗死組(19例)。分別于PCI術(shù)前及術(shù)后4周采用2D-STI技術(shù)測定心肌病變節(jié)段LS峰值,并測定hs-cTnT水平。結(jié)果 AMI患者PCI術(shù)前各病變節(jié)段運動幅度減低,LS-時間曲線形態(tài)雜亂;術(shù)后4周,各病變節(jié)段運動幅度略恢復(fù),LS-時間曲線形態(tài)較規(guī)整。急性前壁心肌梗死組術(shù)前與術(shù)后4周前壁基底段、中間段和心尖段LS峰值比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.001)。急性下壁心肌梗死組術(shù)前與術(shù)后4周基底段、中間段和心尖段LS峰值比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。急性前壁心肌梗死組術(shù)前hs-cTnT水平為404.2(344.0)μg/L,術(shù)后4周hs-cTnT水平為1.2(9.0)μg/L,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(z=-4.015,P<0.001)。急性前壁心肌梗死組基底段、中間段和心尖段LS峰值變化與hs-cTnT水平變化均呈正相關(guān)(rs=0.74、0.75、0.74,P<0.001)。急性下壁心肌梗死組術(shù)前hs-cTnT水平為308.4(641.0)μg/L,術(shù)后4周hs-cTnT水平為1.9(2.6)μg/L,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(z=-3.823,P<0.001)。急性下壁心肌梗死組基底段、中間段和心尖段LS峰值變化與hs-cTnT水平變化均呈正相關(guān)(rs=0.65、0.75、0.78,P<0.05)。結(jié)論 AMI患者PCI術(shù)后各節(jié)段LS峰值高于術(shù)前,且LS峰值變化與hs-cTnT水平變化有良好的相關(guān)性。2D-STI可定量評價AMI患者PCI術(shù)前后心肌的運動功能,可作為評價PCI術(shù)療效的良好方法。
血管成形術(shù),經(jīng)腔,經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈;二維斑點追蹤成像;心肌梗死;肌鈣蛋白T
經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入(PCI)治療通過心導(dǎo)管技術(shù)疏通狹窄或閉塞的血管,改善心肌血流灌注,近年來已廣泛應(yīng)用于治療急性心肌梗死(AMI)。手術(shù)前后如何準(zhǔn)確評估左心室心肌運動功能改善情況以評價PCI的療效,已成為國內(nèi)外學(xué)者研究的熱點。二維斑點追蹤成像(2D-STI)可實時追蹤斑點運動軌跡,獲得左心室壁各個方向的運動參數(shù)[1-2]。與組織多普勒超聲心動描計術(shù)比較,2D-STI無角度依賴性,既可定量顯示心肌縱向、徑向和環(huán)向的位移、速度、應(yīng)變及應(yīng)變率等運動參數(shù),還可定量顯示心臟扭轉(zhuǎn)運動,為客觀反映心臟運動功能提供更多、更真實的信息[3]。本研究運用2D-STI技術(shù)比較AMI患者行PCI術(shù)前及術(shù)后4周左心室壁梗死節(jié)段收縮期縱向應(yīng)變(LS)峰值,分析其與高敏肌鈣蛋白T(hs-cTnT)水平變化的關(guān)系,為PCI術(shù)的療效評價提供臨床依據(jù)。
1.1 臨床資料 選取2012年12月—2013年12月于佳木斯大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院接受PCI術(shù)的AMI患者40例為研究對象,其中男22例,女18例;年齡35~70歲,平均年齡(54±3)歲。按照心肌梗死部位分為急性前壁心肌梗死組(21例)和急性下壁心肌梗死組(19例)?;颊呔?jīng)冠狀動脈造影、血液酶學(xué)及心電圖檢查確診,PCI術(shù)后4周嚴(yán)格按照醫(yī)囑復(fù)診。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 病變節(jié)段LS峰值測定 連接胸導(dǎo)聯(lián)心電圖,囑患者取左側(cè)臥位,采用Philips公司iE33彩色超聲診斷儀(X5-1探頭,頻率1~5 MHz),在圖像顯示清晰時于呼氣末屏氣,分別于心尖兩腔、左室長軸、心尖四腔以及短軸(心尖、乳頭肌、左房室瓣水平)共6個切面采集動態(tài)二維圖像(幀頻>70幀/s)。取心肌節(jié)段完整且心內(nèi)膜、心外膜顯示清晰的4個心動周期圖像,采用CMQ分析插件進行圖像分析。描計感興趣區(qū),使其較好地覆蓋心內(nèi)膜及心外膜,記錄心肌病變節(jié)段LS-時間曲線,測量PCI術(shù)前及術(shù)后4周LS峰值。
1.2.2 血清hs-cTnT水平測定 分別于PCI術(shù)前及術(shù)后4周空腹采集肘靜脈血,促凝,以3 500 r/min離心,離心5 min,將分離的血清放入化學(xué)發(fā)光儀內(nèi),嚴(yán)格按照試劑盒說明進行操作,記錄hs-cTnT數(shù)值。
2.1 心肌病變節(jié)段LS-時間曲線AMI患者PCI術(shù)前各病變節(jié)段運動幅度減低,LS-時間曲線形態(tài)雜亂(見圖1)。PCI術(shù)后4周,各病變節(jié)段室壁運動幅度略恢復(fù),LS-時間曲線形態(tài)較規(guī)整(見圖2)。
2.2 急性前壁心肌梗死組各節(jié)段LS峰值 急性前壁心肌梗死組術(shù)前與術(shù)后4周前壁基底段、中間段和心尖段LS峰值比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.001,見表1)。
2.3 急性下壁心肌梗死組各節(jié)段LS峰值 急性下壁心肌梗死組術(shù)前與術(shù)后4周基底段、中間段和心尖段LS峰值比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表2)。
圖1 AMI患者PCI術(shù)前心肌病變節(jié)段LS-時間曲線
圖2 AMI患者PCI術(shù)后4周心肌病變節(jié)段LS-時間曲線
Figure2LS-timecurveoflesionsegmentsofAMIpatientsfourweeksafterPCI
Table1ComparisonofLSofeachsegmentofacuteanteriorwallmyocardialinfarctiongroupbeforePCIandfourweeksafterPCIinpatientswithacuteanteriorwallmyocardialinfarction
時間基底段中間段心尖段術(shù)前-121±38-119±32-78±48術(shù)后4周-183±28-149±43-136±34t值5622918114449P值<0001<0001<0001
2.4 LS峰值變化與hs-cTnT水平變化的相關(guān)性 急性前壁心肌梗死組術(shù)前hs-cTnT水平為404.2(344.0)μg/L,術(shù)后4周hs-cTnT水平為1.2(9.0)μg/L,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(z=-4.015,P<0.001)。急性前壁心肌梗死組基底段、中間段和心尖段LS峰值變化與hs-cTnT水平變化均呈正相關(guān)(rs=0.74、0.75、0.74,P<0.001)。急性下壁心肌梗死組術(shù)前hs-cTnT水平為308.4(641.0)μg/L,術(shù)后4周hs-cTnT水平為1.9(2.6)μg/L,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(z=-3.823,P<0.001)。急性下壁心肌梗死組基底段、中間段和心尖段LS峰值變化與hs-cTnT水平變化均呈正相關(guān)(rs=0.65、0.75、0.78,P<0.05)。
Table2ComparisonofLSofeachsegmentofacuteinferiorwallmyocardialinfarctiongroupbeforePCIandfourweeksafterPCIinpatientswithacuteinferiorwallmyocardialinfarction
時間基底段中間段心尖段術(shù)前-116±33-93±34-97±32術(shù)后4周-154±37-148±36-169±43t值340148425855P值0002<0001<0001
AMI是由于冠狀動脈血流急劇減少或中斷,導(dǎo)致其供血的心肌出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重和不可逆的缺血性損傷和壞死。AMI患者超聲心動圖主要表現(xiàn)為節(jié)段性室壁運動異常,梗死節(jié)段室壁不薄,回聲強度未增加,當(dāng)伴有左心室增大,形態(tài)發(fā)生顯著改變時,M型超聲心動圖和雙平面Simpson′s法不能準(zhǔn)確測量左心室收縮功能[4],斑點追蹤成像僅能夠半定量測定AMI患者左心室各節(jié)段LS峰值。2D-STI是近年來發(fā)展的新技術(shù),克服了斑點追蹤成像的角度依賴性,可定量評價心肌在縱向、徑向及圓周方向的運動功能[5]??v行肌纖維占心肌細(xì)胞肌纖維的70%,因此通過測定心肌長軸方向的LS可了解心肌運動功能。本研究結(jié)果顯示,AMI患者心肌病變節(jié)段運動幅度減低,LS-時間曲線形態(tài)雜亂。
心肌急性供血障礙時,可產(chǎn)生心肌冬眠、心肌頓抑,甚至形成瘢痕,造成左心室壁節(jié)段性運動異常。近年來PCI作為治療AMI的急診手術(shù)廣泛應(yīng)用于臨床,PCI術(shù)采取微創(chuàng)的導(dǎo)管穿刺到達冠狀動脈的嚴(yán)重狹窄或阻塞處,擴張球囊疏通阻塞和狹窄,從而恢復(fù)該段冠狀動脈供血區(qū)域心肌的血液供應(yīng),并及時阻止心肌損害的進一步發(fā)生,達到缺血心肌再灌注的目的[6]。由于PCI術(shù)能夠有效地開通狹窄或閉塞的冠狀動脈,使得處于冬眠或頓抑狀態(tài)下的心肌獲得再灌注血流[7],因此PCI術(shù)后4周存活心肌的收縮運動功能較術(shù)前增強。本研究結(jié)果顯示,PCI術(shù)后4周與術(shù)前比較,梗死節(jié)段的LS峰值增高,心肌的運動幅度增強。
AMI患者檢測首要生化指標(biāo)為肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌紅蛋白(MYO)和肌鈣蛋白T(cTnT),肌鈣蛋白是心肌損傷的特異性和高敏感性的標(biāo)志物,而hs-cTnT可反映體內(nèi)微量肌鈣蛋白水平的變化,對AMI早期診斷具有良好的靈敏度和特異度[8-9]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,各節(jié)段LS峰值與hs-cTnT水平的變化均呈正相關(guān)。
2D-STI技術(shù)的準(zhǔn)確性受到二維灰階圖像幀頻、清晰度及患者體型、合并肺部疾病等影響。國外報道實時三維斑點追蹤新技術(shù)可更準(zhǔn)確、真實地反映心肌斑點運動的空間位置軌跡[10-11],但該技術(shù)尚處于初期研究階段。
綜上所述,2D-STI可獲得AMI患者左心室壁各節(jié)段的LS峰值,準(zhǔn)確判斷AMI患者左心室壁梗死節(jié)段及梗死程度,定量評價AMI患者PCI術(shù)后左心室心肌的運動功能,且梗死節(jié)段LS峰值變化與hs-cTnT水平的變化有良好的相關(guān)性,為評價PCI術(shù)的療效提供了無創(chuàng)、可靠的新方法。本研究未收集到足夠樣本量的急性后壁心肌梗死患者,存在一定的局限性。在下一步研究中,應(yīng)擴大樣本量,采集各類型AMI患者臨床資料,以更全面評價2D-STI在AMI患者PCI術(shù)后效果評估中的價值。
利益沖突:課題未涉及任何廠家及相關(guān)雇主或其他經(jīng)濟組織直接或間接的經(jīng)濟或利益的贊助。無利益沖突。
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2D-STI局限性:(1)肺氣腫、肥胖等聲窗較差的患者,2D-STI圖像的準(zhǔn)確性較低,限制了在該類患者中的應(yīng)用;(2)斑點追蹤技術(shù)要求有高幀頻(大于70幀/s),才能實時、準(zhǔn)確地反映心肌運動的信息;(3)由于心臟是立體結(jié)構(gòu),從這個角度講,2D-STI還不能完全地反映心肌的應(yīng)變。應(yīng)用前景:2D-STI不受測量角度的限制,且不受周圍組織牽拉的影響,可無創(chuàng)、定量地評估心肌的應(yīng)變,能夠較完整、全面地評價節(jié)段性室壁運動異常的情況,為臨床診斷心血管病及評價其療效提供全新的檢測方式。
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(本文編輯:吳立波)
Evaluation of the Efficacy of PCI on Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction by 2D-STI and Its Correlation With hs-cTnT
XUJing-jun,ZHANGLi,LUXiao-xiao,etal.
DepartmentofPhysicalDiagnostics,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofJiamusiUniversity,Jiamusi154002,China
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of PCI on patients with AMI by 2D-STI and to investigate the correlation between the peak value of longitudinal stain (LS) of the infarction segment and hs-cTnT.Methods We enrolled 40 AMI patients who received PCI in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University from December 2012 to December 2013.The subjects were divided into acute anterior wall myocardial infarction group (n=21) and acute inferior wall myocardial infarction group (n=19).Before PCI and 4 weeks after PCI, the LS peak value of each myocardial segment was determined using 2D-STI, and hs-cTnT level was also examined.Results Before PCI, the motor extent of each lesion segment of the subjects decreased, and the LS-time curves were in disorder;four weeks after PCI, the extent of ventricular wall motion of each lesion segment recovered slightly, and the LS-time curve was in order.Four weeks after PCI, the LS peak values of the wall basal segment, middle segment and apical segment of acute anterior wall myocardial infarction group were significantly different (P<0.001) from those before PCI.Four weeks after PCI, the LS peak values of the inferior wall basal segment, middle segment and apical segment of acute inferior wall myocardial infarction group were significantly different (P<0.05) from those before PCI.The level of hs-cTnT of acute anterior wall myocardial infarction group was 404.2(344.0)μg/L before PCI and was 1.2(9.0)μg/L four weeks after PCI, with significantly different between them(z=-4.015,P<0.001).The change of LS peak values of the anterior wall basal segment, middle segment and apical segment of acute anterior wall myocardial infarction group were positively correlated with the change of hs-cTnT level (rs=0.74, 0.75, 0.74;P<0.001).The level of hs-cTnT of acute inferior wall myocardial infarction group was 308.4(641.0)μg/L before PCI and was 1.9(2.6)μg/L four weeks after PCI, with significant difference between them (z=-3.823,P<0.001).The change of LS peak values of the inferior wall basal segment, middle segment and apical segment of acute anterior wall myocardial infarction group were positively correlated with the change of hs-cTnT level (rs=0.65,0.75,0.78;P<0.05).Conclusion AMI patients have higher LS peak value of each segment than that before PCI, and the change of LS peak value has positive correlation with the change of hs-cTnT level.Through 2D-STI, quantitative evaluation could be conducted on the myocardial motor function in AMI patients before and after PCI.2D-STI is a good method for the efficacy evaluation of PCI.
Angioplasty,transluminal,percutaneous coronary;Two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging;Myocardial infarction;Troponin T
黑龍江省自然科學(xué)基金面上項目(D201246)
154002黑龍江省佳木斯市,佳木斯大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院物理診斷科(徐景俊,盧曉瀟,潘寧,王薇),循環(huán)科(張麗),檢驗科(崔國利)
王薇,154002黑龍江省佳木斯市,佳木斯大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院物理診斷科;E-mail:wangwei9788@163.com
R 654.3
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2015.23.003
2014-12-16;
2015-06-07)
徐景俊,張麗,盧曉瀟,等.二維斑點追蹤成像對急性心肌梗死患者經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入效果的評價及其與高敏肌鈣蛋白T的相關(guān)性[J].中國全科醫(yī)學(xué),2015,18(23):2758-2761.[www.chinagp.net]
Xu JJ, Zhang L,Lu XX,et al.Evaluation of the efficacy of PCI on patients with acute myocardial infarction by 2D-STI and its correlation with hs-cTnT[J].Chinese General Practice,2015,18(23):2758-2761.