趙 頤,游泰杰
(貴州師范大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)與計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)學(xué)院,貴陽 550001)
半群CPOn(A)的格林關(guān)系
趙 頤,游泰杰*
(貴州師范大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)與計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)學(xué)院,貴陽 550001)
設(shè)POn是X n={1,2,…,n}上的保序部分變換半群,A是X n的非空子集,令CPOn(A)={α∈POn:(A∩dom(α))α?A,且?x,y∈(A∩dom(α)),|xα-yα|≤|x-y|},則CPOn(A)是POn的子半群.利用變換半群的保序和壓縮性,刻畫了半群CPOn(A)的格林關(guān)系.
變換半群;保序部分變換;格林關(guān)系
在半群的眾多分支中,變換半群是半群代數(shù)理論中一個(gè)重要研究方向,許多學(xué)者對部分變換半群Pn的各種子半群的格林關(guān)系進(jìn)行了研究.Pei等[1-2]先后研究了保等價(jià)關(guān)系且保序變換半群、保等價(jià)關(guān)系變換半群的變種半群的格林關(guān)系;Sun等[3]研究了保等價(jià)關(guān)系且保方向變換半群的格林關(guān)系;Deng等[4-6]先后探討了反向保等價(jià)關(guān)系變換半群、雙向保等價(jià)關(guān)系變換半群及雙向保等價(jià)關(guān)系且保序變換半群的格林關(guān)系;Zhao等[7]刻畫了部分保序且壓縮變換半群的格林關(guān)系;鐘艷林等[8]給出了歐氏空間中升序變換半群的格林關(guān)系的一些刻畫;Sangkhanan等[9]討論了具有穩(wěn)定值域的部分線性變換半群的格林關(guān)系.本文將研究半群CPOn(A)的格林關(guān)系,并給出若干等價(jià)刻畫.
設(shè)X n={1,2,…,n}且賦予自然序,A是X n的非空子集,Pn是X n上的部分變換半群.設(shè)α∈Pn,若對任意x,y∈dom(α),x≤y?xα≤yα,則稱α是保序的.設(shè)POn是P n中所有保序部分變換之集(不含X n上的恒等變換),則POn是P n的子半群,并稱POn為X n上的保序部分變換半群.令CPOn(A)={α∈POn:(A∩dom(α))α?A,且?x,y∈(A∩dom(α)),|xα-yα|≤|x-y|},則易驗(yàn)證CPOn(A)是POn的子半群.
設(shè)S是半群,用S1表示在S上添加單位元.設(shè)a,b∈S,若a和b生成相同的主左理想,S1a=S1b,則稱a與b是L等價(jià)的,并記為(a,b)∈L.類似可利用主右理想定義a與b是R等價(jià)的,并記為(a,b)∈R.本文未定義的術(shù)語及記法可參見文獻(xiàn)[10].
顯然,若ker(α,A)=?,則ker(β,A)=?;若ker(α,A)={A k}(k∈{1,…,r}),則ker(β,A)={Bk}.現(xiàn)在,若|ker(α,A)|=t≥2,設(shè)ker(α,A)={Al1,A l2,…,Alt}(l1<l2<…<l t),則由(1)式可得ker(β,A)={Bl1,Bl2,…,Blt}.由δ,γ∈(CPOn(A))1,知(A∩dom(α))δ?A,(A∩dom(α))γ?A.注意到A∩Al1<A∩Al2<…<A∩Alt,A∩Bl1<A∩Bl2<…<A∩Blt,任取i,j∈{1,…,t}且i≤j,由Akδ?Bk,Bkγ?Ak,得
令d=max (A∩Al1)-max (A∩Bl1),則min (A∩A lt)-min (A∩Blt)=max (A∩A l1)-max(A∩Bl1)=d.若|ker(α,A)|=t≥3,則斷言
若A li\A≠?,則任取x∈A li\A,設(shè)A∩A li中到點(diǎn)x距離最小者為.若Bli\A≠?,則任取y∈Ali\B,設(shè)A∩Bli中到點(diǎn)y距離最小者為.令
則由(6)式可得,α=δβ且β=γα.下面證明δ,γ∈CPOn(A).注意到
再由(6)式可得δ,γ∈POn,顯然(A∩dom(δ))δ?A,(A∩dom(γ))γ?A.任取x,y∈A∩dom(δ)且x≤y.注意到A∩dom(δ)=(A∩A l1)∪(A∩A l2)∪…∪(A∩Alt),現(xiàn)分以下5種情形討論.
情形1x,y∈A∩A li,i=1,t.顯然xδ-yδ=0,因此|xδ-yδ|≤|x-y|.
情形2x∈A∩A l1,y∈A li,i∈[2,t-1].由(5),(7)式可得|xδ-yδ|=|max(A∩Bl1)-(yd)|=|y-(d+max(A∩Bl1))|=|y-max(A∩A l1)|≤|x-y|.
情形3x∈A∩Al1,y∈A∩Alt.由(5),(7)式可得|xδ-yδ|=|max(A∩Bl1)-min(A∩Blt)|=max (A∩Al1)-min (A∩Alt) ≤|x-y|.
情形4x∈A∩Ali,y∈A∩Alj,i,j∈[2,t-1].顯然,|xδ-yδ|=|(x-d)-(y-d)|=|x-y|,因此|xδ-yδ|≤|x-y|.
情形5x∈A∩A l1,i∈[2,t-1],y∈A∩Alt.由(5),(7)式可得|xδ-yδ|=|(x-d)-min(A∩Blt)|= min (A∩Blt)-(x-d) = (min (A∩Blt)+d)-x= min (A∩A lt)-x≤|x-y|.
綜上,證得δ∈CPOn(A).同理可證,γ∈CPOn(A);因此,(α,β)∈L.
定理3 設(shè)α,β∈CPOn(A),則(α,β)∈D當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)
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Green’s relations on the semigroupCPOn(A)
ZHAO Yi,YOU Taijie*
(Sch of Math &Comput Sci,Guizhou Norm Univ,Guiyang 550001,China)
LetPOnbe the partial order-preserving transformation semigroup onX n={1,…,n}.For each nonempty subsetAofXn,letCPOn(A)= {α∈POn:(A∩dom(α))α?A,?x,y∈(A∩dom(α)),|xα-yα|≤|x-y|}.ThenCPOn(A)is a subsemigroup ofPOn.In this paper,using order-preserving and compression properties of the transformation semigroup,Green’s relations on the semigroupCPOn(A)are characterized.
transformation semigroup;partial order-preserving transformation;Green’s relations
O 152.7
A
1007-824X(2015)04-0005-04
2015-07-02.* 聯(lián)系人,E-mail:youtaijie1959@163.com.
國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(11461014).
趙頤,游泰杰.半群CPOn(A)的格林關(guān)系 [J].揚(yáng)州大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版),2015,18(4):5-8,12.
(責(zé)任編輯 青 禾)