易志剛郭文安吳 娟黃上萌李 津池清華
高糖通過下調(diào)miR-23b促進(jìn)血管平滑肌細(xì)胞的增殖和遷移
易志剛1郭文安1吳 娟1黃上萌1李 津1池清華2
目的高糖誘導(dǎo)血管平滑肌的增殖和遷移是糖尿病引起動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的關(guān)鍵病理環(huán)節(jié)。小分子RNA在糖尿病血管并發(fā)癥中的作用日益受到重視,本項(xiàng)目將對(duì)微小RNA-23b(miR-23b)在高糖誘導(dǎo)血管平滑肌的增殖和遷移中的作用進(jìn)行研究。方法首先,將血管平滑肌細(xì)胞株(VSMCs)與高糖(HG,40 mM)共同孵育24 h,qPCR檢測(cè)高糖對(duì)VSMCs 增殖及miR-23b的表達(dá)的影響。為了進(jìn)一步證實(shí)miR-23b在高糖誘導(dǎo)VSMC增殖及遷移中的作用,轉(zhuǎn)染過表達(dá)miR-23b載體及對(duì)照載體,構(gòu)建過表達(dá) VSMCs(VSMCmiR-23b)及對(duì)照細(xì)胞(VSMCNC),將HG分別與VSMCmiR-23b及VSMCNC孵育24 h,CCK-8檢測(cè)VSMCs的增殖,Transwell檢測(cè)VSMCs遷移,qPCR檢測(cè)miR-23b及其靶基因的PI3KR1、Smad3表達(dá)。結(jié)果HG能濃度依賴性的促進(jìn)VSMCs的增殖并抑制miR-23b的表達(dá),與對(duì)照組比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。VSMCmiR-23b組的細(xì)胞活力及遷移率均顯著低于VSMCNC組(P<0.05)。HG能升高VSMCNC及VSMCmiR-23b的細(xì)胞活力及遷移率,與對(duì)照組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),VSMCmiR-23b+高糖組的細(xì)胞活力及遷移率均顯著低于VSMCNC+高糖組(P<0.05)。VSMCmiR-23b組的PI3KR1、Smad3的表達(dá)顯著低于VSMCNC組(P<0.05)。高糖能升高VSMCNC及VSMCmiR-23b的PI3KR1、Smad3的表達(dá)。VSMCmiR-23b+高糖組的PI3KR1、Smad3的表達(dá)均顯著低于VSMCNC+高糖組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論miR-23b可能通過調(diào)控靶基因Smad3、PI3KR1參與HG誘導(dǎo)的血管平滑肌增殖及遷移。
miR-23b;血管平滑??;增殖;遷移;PI3KR1;Smad3
動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化是一種由多種因素導(dǎo)致的慢性疾病,糖尿?。―iabetes mellitus,DM) 患者中的動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)病率更高。研究證實(shí):高糖(High glucose,HG)能誘導(dǎo)血管平滑肌細(xì)胞(Vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs)的增殖和遷移[1],促進(jìn)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化(Atherosclerosis,AS)的形成。微小核糖核酸( microRNA,miRNA) 是一類真核生物高度保守長度為19~22個(gè)核苷酸的非編碼小分子RNA。miR-23b被證明在包括糖尿病在內(nèi)的許多生理進(jìn)程中起著重要的作用[2]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),miR-23b在損傷的血管壁中表達(dá)下降,升高miR-23b的表達(dá)能抑制VSMCs的增殖及遷移[3]。目前認(rèn)為miR-23b可能參與血管平滑肌的增殖和遷移,但具體機(jī)制尚不清楚。本項(xiàng)目將對(duì)HG誘導(dǎo)VSMCs增殖及遷移的分子機(jī)制進(jìn)行深入研究。
1.1 主要材料與試劑
DMEM細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基、胎牛血清(FBS)、0.25%胰蛋白酶均購自GIBCO公司;SmGM-2培養(yǎng)基購自美國Lonza公司;D-葡萄糖(DG)、DAPI購自Sigma公司;Transwell小室購自BD公司;CCK-8溶液、BCA蛋白定量試劑盒、ECL顯影劑均購自上海碧云天生物技術(shù)公司;Lipofectamine 2000試劑購自Invitrogen公司;miR-23b mimics、negative control對(duì)照均購自廣東銳博生物有限公司;Trizol試劑盒購、RT-qPCR引物均購自Lifetechnologies公司;逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒及RT-qPCR 試劑盒購自Takara公司。
1.2 VSMCs的培養(yǎng)
人主動(dòng)脈血管平滑肌細(xì)胞系T/G HA-VSMC購自美國ATCC,置于含有10%FBS的SmGM-2培養(yǎng)基,在37℃、5%CO2的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),取3~5代處于對(duì)數(shù)生長期的細(xì)胞進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。
1.3 構(gòu)建過表達(dá)miR-23b VSMCs(VSMCmiR-23b)及對(duì)照細(xì)胞(VSMCNC)
當(dāng)細(xì)胞生長至70%~80%融合時(shí),接種于細(xì)胞瓶中,轉(zhuǎn)染過程均按照Lipofectamine 2000試劑說明書進(jìn)行。將過表達(dá)miR-23b質(zhì)粒(pEZX-MR04-miR-23b)及對(duì)照質(zhì)粒(Negative control,NC)按照分別轉(zhuǎn)染到VSMCs細(xì)胞中,然后于37 ℃、5% CO2的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)48 h,改用含嘌呤霉素(2ng/mL)的培養(yǎng)基篩選72 h,構(gòu)建過表達(dá)miR-23b的VSMC細(xì)胞VSMCmiR-23b以及對(duì)照細(xì)胞VSMCNC。
1.4 CCK-8法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞增殖
過表達(dá)miR-23b VSMCs細(xì)胞(VSMCmiR-23b)及對(duì)照細(xì)胞(VSMCNC),分別以2×103/孔鋪于96孔板。將高糖(40 mM)分別與VSMCmiR-23b及VSMCNC孵育24 h,每孔加入10μl CCK-8溶液,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)1 h,酶聯(lián)免疫檢測(cè)儀測(cè)量490 nm處各孔的吸光值(OD),計(jì)算細(xì)胞活性。細(xì)胞活性(%)=藥物OD/對(duì)照OD×100%。
1.5 Transwell小室檢測(cè)細(xì)胞侵襲
分別將VSMCNC及VSMCmiR-23b細(xì)胞1×104/孔勻接種于鋪有基質(zhì)膠的Transwell小室(上室)中,加入或不加入含高糖(40 mM)的DMEM培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng),下室加入含20%FBS的完全培養(yǎng)基,37℃培養(yǎng)24 h,用棉簽拭去小室內(nèi)底部細(xì)胞,4%甲醛固定液固定小室外底部的細(xì)胞,DAPI染色,熒光顯微鏡下觀察各組細(xì)胞穿過小室的情況,統(tǒng)計(jì)穿過的細(xì)胞數(shù)目,對(duì)比高糖處理對(duì)VSMCNC及VSMCmiR-23b細(xì)胞遷移能力的影響。
1.6 RT-PCR檢測(cè)細(xì)胞中miRNA-23b及靶基因的表達(dá)量
根據(jù)Trizol試劑盒操作說明書提取總RNA,參照Takara逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行逆轉(zhuǎn)錄,按SYBR Premix Ex Taq試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行PDE4B (上游:5’- CAG ACC TGA AGA CAA TGG TAG AA-3’;下游:5’-GAC CTG AAT GCG ATC GGT ATA G -3’)、Smad3(上游:5’- CCA TCT CCT ACT ACG AGC TGA A -3’;下游:5’-CAC TGC TGC ATT CCT GTT GAC-3’)、β-actin(上游:5’-GGA CCT GAC TGA CTA CCT CAT -3’;下游:5’- CGT AGC ACA GCT TCT CCT TAA T -3’)的RT-qPCR檢測(cè),以GAPDH作為內(nèi)參計(jì)算PDE4B、Smad3的相對(duì)表達(dá)量。miR-23b及U6的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄采用All-in-One? miRNA qRT-PCR Detection Kit進(jìn)行,采用All-in-One? miRNA qPCR Primer引物試劑盒進(jìn)行miR-23b及U6的RT-PCR檢測(cè),采用U6作為內(nèi)參檢測(cè)miR-23b的相對(duì)表達(dá)量。
1.7 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
2.1 高糖促進(jìn)VSMC細(xì)胞增殖及抑制miRNA-23b表達(dá)
由圖1A可知,HG能濃度依賴性的促進(jìn)VSMC細(xì)胞的增殖,與NC組(5.5 mM)比較,10 mM、20 mM和40 mM的HG均可以顯著的促進(jìn)VSMC細(xì)胞的增殖,與NC組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(10 mM:P=0.025;20 mM:P<0.001;40 mM:P<0.001),并且呈現(xiàn)出劑量依賴現(xiàn)象。還發(fā)現(xiàn)HG能濃度依賴性的抑制miR-23b的表達(dá),結(jié)果如圖1B所示,10 mM、20 mM和40 mM的HG均可以劑量依賴性的降低miR-23b的表達(dá)量,與NC組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(10 mM:P=0.006;20 mM:P<0.001;40 mM:P<0.001)。
圖1 高糖對(duì)VSMC細(xì)胞增殖及miRNA-23b表達(dá)的影響
2.2 過表達(dá)miR-26b降低高糖誘導(dǎo)的VSMC細(xì)胞增殖
如圖2A所示,VSMCmiR-23b組細(xì)胞中miR-23b的表達(dá)水平顯著升高,與VSMCNC組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001)。VSMCmiR-23b+HG組的miR-23b表達(dá)也顯著高于VSMCNC+HG組(P<0.001)。細(xì)胞活力結(jié)果圖2B所示,VSMCmiR-23b組的細(xì)胞活力顯著低于VSMCNC組(P<0.001)。與VSMCNC組比較,VSMCNC+HG顯著的細(xì)胞活力升高(P<0.001),VSMCmiR-23b+HG組的細(xì)胞活力顯著低于VSMCNC+HG組(P<0.001)。
圖2 過表達(dá)miR-23b對(duì)高糖誘導(dǎo)VSMC細(xì)胞增殖的影響
2.3 過表達(dá)miR-23抑制高糖誘導(dǎo)的VSMC遷移
VSMCmiR-23b組的遷移率均顯著低于VSMCNC組(P<0.001)。HG能顯著升高VSMCNC的遷移率,與VSMCNC組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001),VSMCmiR-23b+HG組的遷移率均顯著低于VSMCNC+HG組(P<0.001)。見圖3。
圖3 過表達(dá)miR-23對(duì)高糖誘導(dǎo)VSMC遷移的影響
2.4 過表達(dá)miR-23b抑制高糖誘導(dǎo)P13KR1及Smad3表達(dá)升高
qPCR檢測(cè)結(jié)果如圖4所示,VSMCmiR-23b組的PI3KR1、Smad3的mRNA表達(dá)顯著低于VSMCNC組(P<0.05;P<0.05)。高糖能升高VSMCNC及VSMCmiR-23b的PI3KR1、Smad3的表達(dá)(P<0.001;P<0.001)。VSMCmiR-23b+高糖組的PI3KR1、Smad3的表達(dá)均低于VSMCNC+高糖組(P<0.05;P<0.05)。
圖4 過表達(dá)miR-23b對(duì)高糖誘導(dǎo)P13KR1及Smad3表達(dá)的影響
血管平滑肌細(xì)胞的異常增殖和遷移是動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化發(fā)生的重要病理環(huán)節(jié)及機(jī)制,本研究利用HG誘導(dǎo)血管平滑肌的增殖和遷移的模型中研究miR-23b的作用。其中HG能濃度依賴性的抑制血管平滑肌細(xì)胞中的miR-23b的表達(dá)同時(shí)可以顯著的促進(jìn)VSMC細(xì)胞的增殖。從本研究的結(jié)果可知,VSMCmiR-23b組的細(xì)胞活力及遷移率均顯著低于VSMCNC組。HG能升高VSMCNC及VSMCmiR-23b的細(xì)胞活力及遷移率,VSMCmiR-23b+高糖組的細(xì)胞活力及遷移率均顯著低于VSMCNC+高糖組。表明miR-23b對(duì)于細(xì)胞的活力和遷移率有顯著的負(fù)調(diào)節(jié)作用,高糖誘導(dǎo)可以增加這種效果。為了進(jìn)一步研究miR-23b對(duì)于細(xì)胞的增殖和遷移率調(diào)節(jié)的原因,我們測(cè)定了PI3KR1、Smad3基因的表達(dá)量,PI3K是生長因子超家族信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)過程中的重要分子,可以調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞的凋亡、增殖、代謝、分泌等方面,PI3KR1基因負(fù)責(zé)編碼PI3K家族中表達(dá)量最多的調(diào)節(jié)亞基-p85α[4-5]。Smad3蛋白是轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子-β(TGF-β)的重要的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和調(diào)節(jié)分子,是TGF-β信號(hào)通路中重要的下游分子,與多種腫瘤細(xì)胞的生物學(xué)行為密切相關(guān)[6-7]。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),TGF-β1在促進(jìn)內(nèi)膜增生過程中發(fā)揮了非常重要的作用[8],Smad3蛋白參與TGF-β的主要途徑,可以刺激VSMC的增生、遷移與分泌等功能[9]。從本次的研究結(jié)果可知,VSMCmiR-23b組的PI3KR1、Smad3的蛋白和mRNA的表達(dá)均顯著低于VSMCNC組,高糖能升高VSMCNC及VSMCmiR-23b的PI3KR1、Smad3的蛋白和mRNA的表達(dá)。VSMCmiR-23b+高糖組的PI3KR1、Smad3蛋白和mRNA的表達(dá)均顯著低于VSMCNC+高糖組。表明miR-23b可能通過降低VSMCs細(xì)胞中的PI3KR1、Smad3的表達(dá)量來影響細(xì)胞的增殖和遷移率。
綜上所述,在動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)病過程中,miRNAs在VSMCs細(xì)胞中異常表達(dá),調(diào)節(jié)VSMCs細(xì)胞的增殖及遷移來進(jìn)一步影響動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)展。本研究進(jìn)一步發(fā)現(xiàn),miR-23b在HG誘導(dǎo)的VSMC增殖中發(fā)揮重要的調(diào)控作用。而VSMC增殖功能可以誘發(fā)血管重建,從而進(jìn)一步的導(dǎo)致動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化等疾病的發(fā)生。本研究結(jié)果進(jìn)一步闡明動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)病機(jī)理,以及為抗動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化尋找更為有效的治療靶點(diǎn)提供了理論依據(jù)。
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High Glucose Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration Through Suppressing miR-23b
YI Zhigang1GUO Wenan1WU Juan1HUANG Shangmeng1LI Jin1CHI Qinghua21 Health Care Ward,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University,Xiamen Fujian 361003,China,2 Teaching and Research Department of Nurse
ObjectiveHigh glucose induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration is the key to atherosclerosis pathology caused by diabetes.The role of small RNA in diabetic vascular complications is taken seriously increasingly. This project will focus on the miR-23b on proliferation and migration induced by high glucose in vascular smooth muscle cell.MethodsVSMCs were incubated with high glucose(HG,40 mM)for 24 h. The expression of miR-23b induced by high dose glucose was detected by qPCR. In order to further confirm the role of miR-23b on sugar induced VSMC proliferation and migration,slow virus technology was used to construct an over-express miR-23b VSMCs (VSMCmiR-23b) and control cells (VSMCNC).D-glucose incubate with VSMCmiR-23band VSMCNCrespectively for 24 h,VSMCs proliferation was tested by CCK8,the migration of VSMCs was analyzed by Transwell,the expression of miR-23b and its target genes(PI3KR1,Smad3) were detected by qPCR.ResultsCompared with the control group,D-glucose can significant inhibit the expression of miR-23b with concentration-dependent(P<0.05). Cell vitality and mobility in VSMCmiR-23bgroup were significantly lower than VSMCNCgroup(P<0.05). Compared with the control group,Glucose can significant raise the cell vitality and mobility in VSMCmiR-23band VSMCNC(P<0.05). The cell vitality and mobility of VSMCmiR-23b+ high glucose group were significantly lower than VSMCNC+ high glucose group(P<0.05). The expression of PI3KR1 and Smad3 in VSMCmiR-23bgroup was significantly lower than VSMCNCgroup(P<0.05). High glucose can raise the expression of PI3KR1 and Smad3 in VSMCmiR-23band VSMCNCgroup. The expression of PI3KR1 and Smad3 in VSMCmiR-23b+ high glucose group were significantly lower than VSMCNC+ high glucose group(P<0.05).ConclusionmiR-23b may participate in proliferation and migration induced by high glucose in vascular smooth muscle through regulating the target genes PI3KR1,Smad3.
miR-23b,VSMCs,Proliferation,Migration,PI3KR1,Smad3
R329.2
A
1674-9316(2016)24-0020-04
10.3969/j.issn.1674-9316.2016.24.011
福建省衛(wèi)生廳青年科研課題(編號(hào):2013-2-87)
1廈門大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院保健病房,福建 廈門 361003;2 護(hù)理教研室
池清華,E-mail:fjxm0405@163.com