眾所周知,任務(wù)型閱讀 (taskbased reading) 屬于綜合能力考查題,它是通過閱讀短文,填寫表格中相應(yīng)內(nèi)容,來考查學(xué)生獲取信息、加工處理信息、綜合概括信息和表達信息的能力。按照題目的設(shè)置形式,任務(wù)型閱讀共包括:表格狀 (Tableshaped)、樹狀 (Treeshaped)和蛛網(wǎng)狀 (Spidershaped) 等三種類型。要求考生根據(jù)一定的邏輯關(guān)系,依據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容及上下文,在所給的空缺處填空,帶著任務(wù)閱讀,任務(wù)型閱讀一般是十個空,共十分。
一、任務(wù)型閱讀的解題步驟
在任務(wù)型閱讀解題過程中,我們可采用“三審三讀”法來完成。所謂“三審”主要包括:
1.審文章提示。在正式閱讀前,讀者應(yīng)先認真審讀題目要求,看是否有字數(shù)限制,是否可用文中原詞。
2.審結(jié)構(gòu)表達。在閱讀過程中,讀者要了解整個文章結(jié)構(gòu),看大小標題是否與具體表達內(nèi)容相對應(yīng)。
3.審語法運用。在閱讀完成后,讀者要關(guān)注所填詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)、語法運用是否正確,是否區(qū)別了字母大小寫等。
所謂“三讀”,則是指:
1.略讀。 快速瀏覽文章,借助所給圖表結(jié)構(gòu),抓住文章中心思想。
2.細讀。帶著問題,找到文章對應(yīng)點,確認題型,分析整理歸納信息并且準確表達信息。
3.復(fù)讀。復(fù)讀文章,反復(fù)揣摩所填之詞是否符合文章內(nèi)容,其拼寫是否正確。
二、任務(wù)型閱讀的具體方法
根據(jù)所填單詞類型,任務(wù)型閱讀可以分為信息查找題、信息轉(zhuǎn)換題和信息歸納題三種類型:
1.信息查找題
信息查找題主要指從文章中能直接找到原詞的題目。
New research says 35 percent of child deaths worldwide are caused by hunger. The research comes from poor to middleincome countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
Title: a new research
ThemeHunger is childrens biggest killer.
2. 信息轉(zhuǎn)換題
信息轉(zhuǎn)換題包括詞匯變形和句意轉(zhuǎn)換兩種,我們應(yīng)根據(jù)問題查找定位信息,加工分析并轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種表達方式。
詞匯變形:
There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education.
Open education is a way of teaching which allows students to learn what they are interested in.
句意轉(zhuǎn)換:
In conclusion, modern people appear to be more selfcentered than those in the past due to strong outside pressure. However, we should encourage people to know the importance of being caring and generous and build a mutually beneficial relationship with others.
Fierce competition and great pressure on modern people may lead / contribute to the changes.
3.信息歸納題
信息歸納題要求學(xué)生能夠根據(jù)問題查找定位信息,尋找共性的東西。這類詞具有概括性(在最大程度上覆蓋欄內(nèi)信息)、針對性(量體裁衣,大小適度)和醒目性(簡潔)等特征。
Because six out of every 10 accidental deaths happen to Chinese children who are playing, Shanghai Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical (SJJP), a USbased pharmaceutical giant, is working on a Safe Kids Program to prevent injuries and deaths.
Title: Safe kids program
Purpose / IntentionThe programme is intended to prevent accidental injuries and deaths.
總之,只要我們認真研讀大綱要求,注重任務(wù)型閱讀解題技巧的運用,平時注重詞匯積累,堅持練習(xí),我們就一定能在該題型的學(xué)習(xí)中取得突破,為英語學(xué)科成績的整體提高奠定基礎(chǔ)。
(作者:殷華新,泰州市第三中學(xué))
中學(xué)課程輔導(dǎo)高考版·學(xué)生版2016年6期