常林利,劉曉蓉,劉 俊,梁 晶
(成都市婦女兒童中心醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科,四川 成都 610000)
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欣普貝生促宮頸成熟后對(duì)陰道分娩、圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局的影響
常林利,劉曉蓉,劉俊,梁晶
(成都市婦女兒童中心醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科,四川 成都 610000)
[摘要]目的探討應(yīng)用欣普貝生進(jìn)行促宮頸成熟對(duì)陰道分娩的圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局的影響。方法選取2015年1月至10月成都市婦女兒童中心醫(yī)院收治的70例宮頸未成熟的足月妊娠孕婦為研究對(duì)象,隨機(jī)分為觀察組與對(duì)照組,各35例,觀察組應(yīng)用欣普貝生置于陰道促宮頸成熟,對(duì)照組直接應(yīng)用引產(chǎn)素引產(chǎn),對(duì)比兩組各產(chǎn)程時(shí)間、新生兒結(jié)局及產(chǎn)后出血情況。結(jié)果觀察組孕婦用藥至臨產(chǎn)時(shí)間、總產(chǎn)程均顯著短于對(duì)照組(t值分別為9.532、7.674,均P<0.05)。觀察組引產(chǎn)成功率及自然分娩率均顯著高于對(duì)照組(χ2值分別為8.915、10.731,均P<0.05)。兩組圍產(chǎn)兒胎內(nèi)窘迫及新生兒窒息的發(fā)生率比較均無(wú)顯著性差異(χ2值分別為1.312、0.815,均P>0.05),對(duì)照組圍產(chǎn)兒高膽紅素血癥的發(fā)生率顯著高于觀察組(χ2=7.431,P<0.05)。兩組子宮過(guò)度刺激、產(chǎn)婦發(fā)熱、胃腸道不良反應(yīng)和產(chǎn)后出血發(fā)生率比較均無(wú)顯著性差異(χ2值分別為1.763、0.323、0.219、0.136,均P>0.05)。結(jié)論欣普貝生應(yīng)用于孕婦促宮頸成熟能夠顯著縮短產(chǎn)程,并能提高引產(chǎn)成功率及陰道分娩率,安全性高,值得臨床推廣。
[關(guān)鍵詞]欣普貝生;促宮頸成熟;陰道分娩;圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局
孕婦足月妊娠發(fā)展到過(guò)期妊娠的特殊階段稱(chēng)為延期妊娠,一旦發(fā)展為過(guò)期妊娠,可嚴(yán)重影響孕婦的分娩結(jié)局以及圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局,故對(duì)于延期妊娠應(yīng)采取有效措施以終止妊娠[1]。引產(chǎn)是孕婦選擇自然分娩的常規(guī)方式,而孕婦的宮頸成熟度與引產(chǎn)成功率存在密切關(guān)系,對(duì)于宮頸不成熟的孕婦需要應(yīng)用促宮頸成熟的藥物進(jìn)行干預(yù)[2]。國(guó)外較多報(bào)道顯示,普貝生應(yīng)用于促宮頸成熟具有較好的效果,并能誘發(fā)臨產(chǎn)[3]。目前,欣普貝生在國(guó)內(nèi)的研究不多,臨床應(yīng)用經(jīng)驗(yàn)尚不充足,特別是在欣普貝生應(yīng)用后對(duì)孕婦的各產(chǎn)程、產(chǎn)婦分娩及圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局的影響也尚不明確。因此,本研究旨在對(duì)應(yīng)用欣普貝生進(jìn)行促宮頸成熟對(duì)陰道分娩及圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局影響進(jìn)行探討。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料
選取2015年1月至10月成都市婦女兒童中心醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科收治的70例宮頸未成熟的足月妊娠孕婦為研究對(duì)象。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):胎膜完整、胎兒情況良好;為單胎頭位初產(chǎn)婦;無(wú)藥物禁忌癥,無(wú)產(chǎn)科高危危險(xiǎn)因素;均簽署知情同意書(shū)。宮頸評(píng)分依據(jù)1964年Bishop提出的宮頸評(píng)分系統(tǒng),包括5個(gè)方面的指標(biāo):宮頸管的消失,擴(kuò)張,宮頸的位置,質(zhì)地,先露的高低,總共13分,≥7分為宮頸成熟,<7分宮頸不成熟。本研究所選孕婦宮頸評(píng)分為3~6分,平均4.87±1.24分。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):排除合并支原體和衣原體感染的孕婦;排除伴有嚴(yán)重精神性疾病的孕婦。70例孕婦采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為觀察組與對(duì)照組,各35例。
1.2方法
觀察組應(yīng)用欣普貝生置于陰道促宮頸成熟,對(duì)照組直接應(yīng)用催產(chǎn)素引產(chǎn)。在對(duì)兩組產(chǎn)婦進(jìn)行操作前,行至少30min的無(wú)應(yīng)激試驗(yàn)(non stress test,NST)檢查,行宮頸評(píng)分并進(jìn)行登記。觀察組孕婦根據(jù)欣普貝生(內(nèi)含地諾前列酮10mg)說(shuō)明書(shū)橫置在陰道后穹隆。放置成功后交代孕婦注意事項(xiàng),并對(duì)胎心進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),對(duì)孕婦宮縮及不良反應(yīng)情況進(jìn)行觀察,必要時(shí)應(yīng)立即取出欣普貝生。在放置30min后可下床活動(dòng)。在放置24h后若未臨產(chǎn),則給予催產(chǎn)素引產(chǎn)。在欣普貝生取出后至少30min再進(jìn)行催產(chǎn)素引產(chǎn),方法為:將2.5IU催產(chǎn)素加入0.9%500mL的生理鹽水中,以靜脈滴注的方式給藥,以8滴/min開(kāi)始,每隔30min增加8滴,直到宮縮與正常分娩時(shí)的相似為止,若第3d仍未臨產(chǎn)則進(jìn)行人工破膜引產(chǎn)和催產(chǎn)素引產(chǎn)。對(duì)照組催產(chǎn)素引產(chǎn)方法同觀察組。
1.3分娩成功標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與觀察指標(biāo)
分娩成功標(biāo)準(zhǔn):在計(jì)劃分娩不超過(guò)第3d給予催產(chǎn)素引產(chǎn)和人工破膜引產(chǎn),如果孕婦出現(xiàn)規(guī)律性的宮縮并伴有宮頸管展平以及宮頸口開(kāi)大則為計(jì)劃分娩成功,反之為失敗。
觀察指標(biāo):記錄兩組孕婦用藥至臨床時(shí)間、總產(chǎn)程、引產(chǎn)成功率、分娩方式,并記錄兩組圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局及兩組孕婦的不良反應(yīng)。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
2結(jié)果
2.1兩組孕婦分娩結(jié)局對(duì)比
兩組孕婦的年齡、孕周、孕次、新生兒體重、宮頸Bishop評(píng)分均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(均P>0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
表1 兩組孕婦的一般資料
2.2兩組孕婦分娩結(jié)局對(duì)比
與對(duì)照組對(duì)比,觀察組孕婦用藥至臨產(chǎn)時(shí)間及總產(chǎn)程均顯著縮短(P<0.05)。觀察組引產(chǎn)成功率及自然分娩率均顯著高于對(duì)照組(均P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。
表2 兩組孕婦分娩結(jié)局對(duì)比
2.3兩組圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局對(duì)比
兩組圍產(chǎn)兒胎內(nèi)窘迫及新生兒窒息的發(fā)生率比較均無(wú)顯著性差異(均P>0.05),與觀察組對(duì)比,對(duì)照組圍產(chǎn)兒高膽紅素血癥的發(fā)生率顯著升高(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。
2.4兩組孕婦的不良反應(yīng)對(duì)比
觀察組出現(xiàn)子宮過(guò)度刺激1例,取出藥物,給予硫酸鎂后緩解,順利分娩,產(chǎn)后出血1例,對(duì)照組出現(xiàn)發(fā)熱1例,胃腸道不良反應(yīng)1例,兩組子宮過(guò)度刺激、產(chǎn)婦發(fā)熱、胃腸道不良反應(yīng)和產(chǎn)后出血發(fā)生率進(jìn)行比較均無(wú)顯著性差異(均P>0.05),見(jiàn)表4。
表3兩組圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局對(duì)比[n(%)]
Table 3 Comparison of perinatal outcomes between two groups[n(%)]
表4兩組孕婦的不良反應(yīng)對(duì)比[n(%)]
Table 4 Comparison of adverse reactions between two groups[n(%)]
3討論
3.1欣普貝生對(duì)延期妊娠催產(chǎn)的療效
延期妊娠的孕婦胎盤(pán)功能可出現(xiàn)異常,且伴羊水減少,增加了新生兒窒息與胎兒窘迫的危險(xiǎn)性,若不及時(shí)有效的引產(chǎn)終止妊娠將會(huì)對(duì)孕婦分娩結(jié)局及圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重影響[4]。催產(chǎn)素是臨床上常用的促宮頸成熟的藥物,但據(jù)以往報(bào)道顯示,應(yīng)用催產(chǎn)素引產(chǎn)孕婦的產(chǎn)程及引產(chǎn)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),同時(shí)引產(chǎn)的成功率也較低,在引產(chǎn)過(guò)程中孕婦較易失去信心,使得自然分娩率降低[5-6]。欣普貝生是經(jīng)美國(guó)食品及藥物管理局(Food and Drug Administration,F(xiàn)DA)于1995年批準(zhǔn)可用于晚期妊娠促宮頸成熟的前列腺素E2陰道栓劑,置于孕婦陰道后穹窿深處可以恒速進(jìn)行釋放,促進(jìn)宮頸軟化,從而達(dá)到促宮頸成熟的作用。此外,欣普貝對(duì)內(nèi)源性前列素的釋放具有促進(jìn)作用,進(jìn)而使得宮頸對(duì)催產(chǎn)素的敏感性增高。據(jù)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,欣普貝生促宮頸成熟的有效率可達(dá)92.58%,且使用便捷、安全[7]。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,與對(duì)照組對(duì)比,觀察組孕婦用藥至臨產(chǎn)時(shí)間及總產(chǎn)程均顯著縮短(均P<0.05),兩組對(duì)比,觀察組孕婦引產(chǎn)成功率及自然分娩率均顯著升高,剖宮產(chǎn)率顯著降低(P<0.05),分析其原因是欣普貝生應(yīng)用后,孕婦宮頸軟化,宮頸口易于擴(kuò)張,進(jìn)而縮短了總產(chǎn)程,使得引產(chǎn)成功率升高,在一定程度上對(duì)減輕產(chǎn)婦的產(chǎn)痛具有積極作用,并使得產(chǎn)婦在產(chǎn)程中體能的消耗減少,促進(jìn)了產(chǎn)后的康復(fù),同時(shí)在一定程度上降低了剖宮產(chǎn)率。
3.2欣普貝生對(duì)延期妊娠催產(chǎn)的安全性
此外,本研究在對(duì)兩組產(chǎn)婦圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局分析中發(fā)現(xiàn),觀察組新生兒無(wú)高膽紅素血癥的發(fā)生,對(duì)照組有2例發(fā)生新生兒高膽紅素血癥,發(fā)生率為5.71%,顯著高于觀察組(P<0.05)。分析其原因主要是因?yàn)榇弋a(chǎn)素具備抗利尿的作用,使得孕婦血清鈉與血漿滲透壓降低,導(dǎo)致胎兒在宮內(nèi)處于一種低滲狀態(tài),使紅細(xì)胞發(fā)生滲透性腫脹,增加溶血的危險(xiǎn)性,使得新生兒膽紅素增多,增加了新生兒高膽紅素血癥的發(fā)生率。兩組新生兒窒息及胎窘的發(fā)生率對(duì)比無(wú)顯著差異(P>0.05),觀察組與對(duì)照組各出現(xiàn)2例胎兒窘迫,中轉(zhuǎn)手術(shù),結(jié)局好,說(shuō)明普貝生對(duì)宮內(nèi)胎兒并不會(huì)增加不良影響,具有較高的安全性。在對(duì)孕婦的不良反應(yīng)分析中發(fā)現(xiàn), 觀察組出現(xiàn)子宮過(guò)度刺激1例,產(chǎn)后出血1例,對(duì)照組出現(xiàn)發(fā)熱1例,胃腸道不良反應(yīng)1例,兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率對(duì)比,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),提示欣普貝生不會(huì)增加嚴(yán)重的不良反應(yīng),且觀察組孕婦在欣普貝生取出,經(jīng)對(duì)癥處理后不良反應(yīng)均好轉(zhuǎn),進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了欣普貝生的安全性。
綜上所述,欣普貝生應(yīng)用于孕婦促宮頸成熟能夠顯著縮短產(chǎn)程,并能提高引產(chǎn)成功率及陰道分娩率,安全性高,值得臨床推廣。
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[專(zhuān)業(yè)責(zé)任編輯:楊文方]
[收稿日期]2015-11-16
[作者簡(jiǎn)介]常林利(1980-),主治醫(yī)師,碩士,主要從事婦產(chǎn)科臨床工作。
[通訊作者]劉俊,副主任醫(yī)師。
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5293.2016.04.021
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)]R714.1
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼]A
[文章編號(hào)]1673-5293(2016)04-0479-03
Effect of dinoprostone on vaginal delivery and perinatal outcomes after cervical ripening
CHANG Lin-li, LIU Xiao-rong, LIU Jun, LIANG Jing
(Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Women and Children’s Center Hospital,Sichuan Chengdu 610000, China)
[Abstract]Objective To investigate the effect of dinoprostone on vaginal delivery and perinatal outcomes in promoting cervical ripening. Methods From January to October in 2015, 70 cases of cervical immature term pregnant women were selected from Chengdu Women and Children’s Center Hospital, and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 35 cases in each. Dinoprostone was placed in vagina to promote cervical ripening in the observation group, and cases in the control group directly accepted hormone induction abortion. Two groups were compared in labor time, neonatal outcomes and postpartum hemorrhage. Results The interval between use of medicine and labor time, and total labor of the observation group were significantly shorter than those of the control group (t value was 9.532 and 7.674, respectively, both P<0.05). The success rate of induced labor and natural birth of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (t value was 8.915 and 10.731, respectively, both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of perinatal fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia between two groups (χ2 value was 1.312 and 0.815, respectively, both P>0.05). The incidence of high blood bilirubin of the control group was significantly higher than that of the observation group (χ2=7.431,P<0.05). There was no significant difference in uterus overstimulation, maternal fever, gastrointestinal adverse reactions, and the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage between two groups (χ2 value was 1.763, 0.323, 0.219 and 0.136, respectively, all P>0.05). Conclusion The application of dinoprostone in pregnant women to promote cervical ripening can significantly shorten labor process and improve the success rate of induced labor and vaginal delivery rate with high security. It is worthy of clinical promotion.
[Key words]dinoprostone; promoting cervical ripening; vaginal delivery; perinatal outcome