陶 波,蔣學(xué)俊,方 釗,劉浙波,王建銘,魯 明
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·論著·
平均血小板體積和尿酸水平與冠狀動(dòng)脈慢性閉塞性病變的關(guān)系研究
陶 波,蔣學(xué)俊,方 釗,劉浙波,王建銘,魯 明
430060湖北省武漢市,武漢大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院
【摘要】目的探討平均血小板體積(MPV)和尿酸(UA)水平與冠狀動(dòng)脈慢性閉塞性病變(CTO)的關(guān)系。方法選取2013—2015年武漢大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院收治的經(jīng)冠狀動(dòng)脈造影檢查確診為CTO的患者170例作為CTO組,另選取同期經(jīng)冠脈造影檢查確診為冠心病的患者170例作為非CTO組。比較兩組患者的臨床資料,并分析CTO的影響因素及MPV和UA對(duì)CTO的預(yù)測價(jià)值。結(jié)果兩組患者男性比例、高血壓發(fā)生率、高脂血癥發(fā)生率、紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(RBC)、血小板計(jì)數(shù)(PLT)、尿素氮(BUN)、總膽固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);CTO組患者年齡、吸煙史陽性率、糖尿病發(fā)生率、白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(WBC)、MPV、血小板體積分布寬度(PDW)、丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(AST)、肌酐(Cr)、UA、空腹血糖(FPG)、Gensini積分高于非CTO組,冠狀動(dòng)脈病變支數(shù)多于非CTO組,血紅蛋白(Hb)水平低于非CTO組(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,年齡〔OR=1.033,95%CI(1.002,1.065)〕、MPV〔OR=1.408,95%CI(1.132,1.751)〕、UA〔OR=1.005,95%CI(1.000,1.009)〕、WBC〔OR=1.247,95%CI(1.062,1.463)〕、FPG〔OR=1.888,95%CI(1.447,2.463)〕為CTO的危險(xiǎn)因素,Hb〔OR=0.967,95%CI(0.950,0.985)〕為CTO的保護(hù)因素(P<0.05)。MPV預(yù)測CTO的曲線下面積為0.677〔95%CI(0.619,0.735)〕,其為10.05 fl時(shí),靈敏度為85%,特異度為53%,診斷指數(shù)為0.677;UA預(yù)測CTO的曲線下面積為0.611〔95%CI(0.551,0.670)〕,其為388 mmol/L時(shí),靈敏度為54%,特異度為65%,診斷指數(shù)為0.611。Pearson相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示,MVP與UA呈正相關(guān)(r=0.438,P<0.01)。結(jié)論MPV和UA可預(yù)測CTO的發(fā)生;年齡、MPV、UA、WBC、FPG為CTO的危險(xiǎn)因素,Hb為CTO的保護(hù)因素。
【關(guān)鍵詞】冠狀動(dòng)脈閉塞;尿酸;血小板體積;相關(guān)性分析
陶波,蔣學(xué)俊,方釗,等.平均血小板體積和尿酸水平與冠狀動(dòng)脈慢性閉塞性病變的關(guān)系研究[J].實(shí)用心腦肺血管病雜志,2016,24(7):7-11.[www.syxnf.net]
TAO B,JIANG X J,F(xiàn)ANG Z,et al.Relationship between mean platelet volume,uric acid and coronary chronic total occlusion[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2016,24(7):7-11.
冠狀動(dòng)脈慢性閉塞性病變(CTO)是指經(jīng)冠狀動(dòng)脈血管造影評(píng)估后冠狀動(dòng)脈閉塞性病變超過3個(gè)月[1],根據(jù)前向血流TIMI分級(jí)可分為完全閉塞(TIMI 0級(jí))和功能性閉塞(TIMI 1級(jí))[2]。CTO多為鈣化病變,常合并彌漫性血管病變、多支血管病變、分叉病變,患者預(yù)后較差[3]。治療CTO時(shí)應(yīng)及時(shí)緩解心肌缺血癥狀,避免心功能惡化,提高患者的生存率。CTO是由血管內(nèi)皮功能紊亂和血小板活化聚集導(dǎo)致血栓形成及閉塞引起的,多伴有冠狀動(dòng)脈血小板增多[4]。血小板活化聚集與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的形成及進(jìn)展密切相關(guān)。平均血小板體積(MPV)是評(píng)價(jià)血小板功能和活性的重要指標(biāo)[5-6]。血小板體積較大會(huì)釋放微小活性顆?!踩缪ㄋ谹2(TXA2)、P-選擇素、血小板生長因子、二磷酸腺苷、血小板黏附因子等〕,易導(dǎo)致血栓形成。尿酸(UA)是體內(nèi)嘌呤的代謝產(chǎn)物,UA水平較高與血管內(nèi)皮功能受損、氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)、自由基產(chǎn)生及血栓形成密切相關(guān),且其參與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的形成[7]。血管內(nèi)皮功能紊亂是UA水平較高導(dǎo)致動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的主要作用機(jī)制。高尿酸血癥患者體內(nèi)反映血管內(nèi)皮功能紊亂的標(biāo)志物(如蛋白尿、內(nèi)皮素等)水平明顯增高。有研究表明,UA是心血管疾病〔如急性冠脈綜合征(ACS)〕的獨(dú)立預(yù)測因素之一[8]。UA水平較高是ACS患者預(yù)后較差、病死率較高的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素[9]。目前,MPV和UA水平與心血管疾病的關(guān)系研究報(bào)道較多,但MPV和UA水平與CTO的關(guān)系研究報(bào)道較少。本研究旨在探討MPV和UA水平與CTO的關(guān)系,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1.1一般資料選取2013—2015年武漢大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院收治的經(jīng)冠狀動(dòng)脈造影檢查確診為CTO的患者170例作為CTO組,另選取同期經(jīng)冠狀動(dòng)脈造影檢查確診為冠心病的患者170例作為非CTO組。CTO組患者納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)年齡18~90歲;(2)冠狀動(dòng)脈造影檢查顯示左主干(LM)、左前降支(LAD)、左回旋支(LCX)、右冠狀動(dòng)脈(RCA)至少有1支血管完全閉塞或功能性閉塞;(3)閉塞血管直徑≥2.5 mm,且閉塞時(shí)間>3個(gè)月。CTO患者排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)有嚴(yán)重肝、腎功能不全患者;(2)有腫瘤、風(fēng)濕性疾病、血液性疾病、急性感染患者;(3)口服激素及近期(<3個(gè)月)行手術(shù)治療患者。冠心病的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為至少有1支冠狀動(dòng)脈(LM、LAD、LCX、RCA)狹窄程度>50%。
1.2資料收集方法
1.2.1臨床資料收集所有患者的臨床資料,包括年齡、性別、吸煙史、高血壓病史、糖尿病病史、高脂血癥病史。高血壓的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照“2005年中國高血壓防治指南”;糖尿病的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照“2007年中國2型糖尿病防治指南”;高脂血癥的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照“2007年中國成人血脂異常防治指南”;吸煙史是指吸煙≥1支/d且持續(xù)1年以上。
1.2.2實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查指標(biāo)所有患者入院即刻或第2天晨起采集空腹肘靜脈血,送本院檢驗(yàn)科進(jìn)行血常規(guī)檢查〔白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(WBC)、紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(RBC)、血紅蛋白(Hb)、血小板計(jì)數(shù)(PLT)、MPV、血小板體積分布寬度(PDW)〕、肝功能檢查〔丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(AST)〕、腎功能檢查〔尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、UA〕、血脂檢查〔總膽固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)〕、空腹血糖(FPG)檢查。
1.2.3冠狀動(dòng)脈病變情況患者均行急診或擇期冠狀動(dòng)脈造影檢查或治療,選擇經(jīng)橈動(dòng)脈或股動(dòng)脈入路,按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Judkins法行冠狀動(dòng)脈造影,由2位高年資心血管內(nèi)科介入醫(yī)師分析冠狀動(dòng)脈圖像,根據(jù)冠狀動(dòng)脈病變部位及其狹窄程度采用Gensini積分系統(tǒng)評(píng)定冠狀動(dòng)脈病變的嚴(yán)重程度,記錄冠狀動(dòng)脈病變支數(shù)。
2.1單因素分析兩組患者男性比例、高血壓發(fā)生率、高脂血癥發(fā)生率、RBC、PLT、BUN、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);CTO組患者年齡、吸煙史陽性率、糖尿病發(fā)生率、WBC、MPV、PDW、ALT、AST、Cr、UA、FPG、Gensini積分高于非CTO組,冠狀動(dòng)脈病變支數(shù)多于非CTO組,Hb水平低于非CTO組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表1)。
2.2多因素logistic回歸分析依據(jù)變量入選、剔除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(α入=0.05,α出=0.10)及臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)將年齡、MPV、UA、WBC、Hb、FPG(賦值:連續(xù)變量)作為自變量,以CTO(賦值:無=0,有=1)作為因變量進(jìn)行多因素logistic回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示,年齡、MPV、UA、WBC、FPG為CTO的危險(xiǎn)因素,Hb為CTO的保護(hù)因素(P<0.05,見表2)。
表2CTO影響因素的多因素logistic回歸分析
Table 2Multivariate logistic regression analysis on influencing factors of CTO
變量βSEWaldχ2值dfP值OR(95%CI)年齡0.0320.0164.27710.0391.033(1.002,1.065)MPV0.3420.1119.44710.0021.408(1.132,1.751)UA0.0050.0024.64510.0311.005(1.000,1.009)WBC0.2210.0827.30110.0071.247(1.062,1.463)Hb-0.0330.00912.96010.0000.967(0.950,0.985)FPG0.6360.13621.94810.0001.888(1.447,2.463)
表1 CTO影響因素的單因素分析
注:a為χ2值;CTO=冠狀動(dòng)脈慢性閉塞性病變,WBC=白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù),RBC=紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù),Hb=血紅蛋白,PLT=血小板計(jì)數(shù),MPV=平均血小板體積,PDW=血小板體積分布寬度,ALT=丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶,AST=天冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶,BUN=尿素氮,Cr=肌酐,UA=尿酸,TC=總膽固醇,TG=三酰甘油,HDL-C=高密度脂蛋白膽固醇,LDL-C=低密度脂蛋白膽固醇,F(xiàn)PG=空腹血糖
2.3預(yù)測價(jià)值繪制ROC曲線發(fā)現(xiàn),MPV預(yù)測CTO的曲線下面積為0.677〔95%CI(0.619,0.735)〕,MPV為10.05 fl時(shí),靈敏度為85%,特異度為53%,診斷指數(shù)為0.677,見圖1;UA預(yù)測CTO的曲線下面積為0.611〔95%CI(0.551,0.670)〕,UA為388 mmol/L時(shí),靈敏度為54%,特異度為65%,診斷指數(shù)為0.611,見圖2。
圖1 MPV預(yù)測CTO的ROC曲線
圖2 UA預(yù)測CTO的ROC曲線
2.4相關(guān)性分析Pearson相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示,MVP與UA呈正相關(guān)(r=0.438,P<0.01)。
我國已進(jìn)入老齡化社會(huì),冠心病、糖尿病、腦卒中等慢性增齡性疾病的發(fā)生率呈逐年上升趨勢。目前,冠心病已成為威脅人類健康的最主要的心腦血管疾病類型。CTO是冠心病的一種嚴(yán)重血管病變,主要表現(xiàn)為鈣化病變、彌漫性及多支血管病變,常合并心功能降低,患者生存質(zhì)量差、病死率較高。隨著人們生活水平的提高以及生活方式的改變,CTO發(fā)生率不斷增高,且CTO約占全部冠狀動(dòng)脈病變的30%以上,但由于其病變的復(fù)雜性及治療操作的困難性,患者接受經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療(PCI)的比例<10%[10]。與非完全閉塞性冠狀動(dòng)脈病變比較,CTO的手術(shù)時(shí)間長、成功率低、支架后再狹窄發(fā)生率較高、患者預(yù)后較差[11]。大部分CTO患者就診時(shí)病程較長、多伴有鈣化且病變段較長,雖然能成功開通病變血管,但其治療難度仍較高。有研究證實(shí)MPV與UA在冠心病的發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中發(fā)揮著重要作用[12-13]。
目前,CTO的發(fā)病機(jī)制尚不明確。有研究表明,CTO可能是在血管內(nèi)皮功能受損后形成血小板血栓的基礎(chǔ)上由膠原蛋白聚集及鈣化所致[14]。血小板活化與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化及動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化血栓形成密切相關(guān),是心血管疾病的主要發(fā)病機(jī)制,而持續(xù)的血小板活性增高及血管內(nèi)皮功能紊亂可導(dǎo)致動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化進(jìn)展及CTO形成。有研究表明,MPV可作為反映冠心病患者血小板活化的指標(biāo)[15-17]。血管內(nèi)皮功能受損是動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化及動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化血栓形成的主要原因之一,其可通過影響抗凝、抗炎作用而引發(fā)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化。同時(shí)血管內(nèi)皮功能受損也是冠心病患者冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的預(yù)測因素。UA可有效反映血管內(nèi)皮功能紊亂,其可通過氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)使血管內(nèi)皮功能受損及平滑肌細(xì)胞增殖,導(dǎo)致動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化,從而引發(fā)心血管事件及死亡。有研究表明,UA與血小板黏附和活性增高有關(guān)[18]。UA可通過損傷血管內(nèi)皮功能、引起血小板激活及血栓形成而導(dǎo)致CTO進(jìn)展,是心血管疾病的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,兩組患者男性比例、高血壓發(fā)生率、高脂血癥發(fā)生率、RBC、PLT、BUN、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C間無差異;CTO組患者年齡、吸煙史陽性率、糖尿病發(fā)生率、WBC、MPV、PDW、ALT、AST、Cr、UA、FPG、Gensini積分高于非CTO組,冠狀動(dòng)脈病變支數(shù)多于非CTO組,Hb水平低于非CTO組;年齡、MPV、UA、WBC、FPG為CTO的危險(xiǎn)因素,Hb為CTO的保護(hù)因素;MVP與UA呈正相關(guān),與相關(guān)研究結(jié)果一致[19]。
綜上所述,MPV和UA可預(yù)測CTO的發(fā)生,年齡、MPV、UA、WBC、FPG為CTO的危險(xiǎn)因素,Hb為CTO的保護(hù)因素。但本研究僅采用MPV一個(gè)指標(biāo)反映血小板活化程度,僅采用UA反映血管內(nèi)皮功能紊亂,且本研究為小樣本的單中心回顧性研究,故存在一定局限性。
作者貢獻(xiàn):陶波進(jìn)行本實(shí)驗(yàn)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)施、資料收集整理、撰寫論文、成文并對(duì)文章負(fù)責(zé);方釗、劉浙波、王建銘、魯明進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)施、評(píng)估、資料收集;蔣學(xué)俊進(jìn)行質(zhì)量控制及審校。
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(本文編輯:李潔晨)
基金項(xiàng)目:國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(81170307)
通信作者:蔣學(xué)俊,430060湖北省武漢市,武漢大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院;E-mail:xjjiang@whu.edu.cn
【中圖分類號(hào)】R 541.4
【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2016.07.003
(收稿日期:2016-03-09;修回日期:2016-07-08)
Relationship between Mean Platelet Volume,Uric Acid and Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion
TAOBo,JIANGXue-jun,F(xiàn)ANGZhao,LIUZhe-bo,WANGJian-ming,LUMing.
ThePeople′sHospitalofWuhanUniversity,Wuhan430060,China
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between mean platelet volume(MPV),uric acid(UA)and coronary chronic total occlusion.MethodsA total of 170 patients confirmed as coronary chronic total occlusion by coronary angiography were selected as A group in the People′s Hospital of Wuhan University from 2013 to 2015,and a total of 170 patients confirmed as coronary heart disease were selected as B group at the same time.Clinical data was compared between the two groups,influencing factors of coronary chronic total occlusion,predictive value of MPV and UA in predicting coronary chronic total occlusion were analyzed.ResultsNo statistically significant differences of male proportion,incidence of hypertension or hyperlipidaemia,RBC,PLT,BUN,TC,TG,HDL-C or LDL-C was found between the two groups(P>0.05);age,positive rate of smoking history,incidence of diabetes,WBC,MPV,platelet volume distribution width(PDW), ALT,AST,Cr,UA,F(xiàn)PG and Gensini score were statistically significantly higher than those of B group,number of stenosed coronary vessels was statistically significantly more than that of B group,Hb levels of A group was statistically significantly lower than that of B group(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that,age〔OR=1.033,95%CI(1.002,1.065)〕,MPV〔OR=1.408,95%CI(1.132,1.751)〕,UA〔OR=1.005,95%CI(1.000,1.009)〕,WBC〔OR=1.247,95%CI(1.062,1.463)〕and FPG〔OR=1.888,95%CI(1.447,2.463)〕were risk factors of coronary chronic total occlusion,while Hb〔OR=0.967,95%CI(0.950,0.985)〕was the protective factor(P<0.05).The AUC of MPV in predicting coronary chronic total occlusion was 0.677〔95%CI(0.619,0.735)〕,when it was 10.05 fl,the sensitivity was 85%,the specificity was 53%,the diagnosis index was 0.677;the AUC of UA in predicting coronary chronic total occlusion was 0.611〔95%CI(0.551,0.670)〕,when it was 388 mmol/L,the sensitivity was 54%,the specificity was 65%,the diagnosis index was 0.611.Pearson correlation analysis showed that,MVP was positively correlated with UA(r=0.438,P<0.01).ConclusionMPV and UA can predict the occurrence of coronary chronic total occlusion;age,MPV,UA,WBC and FPG are risk factors of coronary chronic total occlusion,while Hb is the protective factor.
【Key words】Coronary occlusion;Uric acid;Platelet volume;Correlation analysis
【編者按】冠狀動(dòng)脈慢性閉塞性病變(CTO)是當(dāng)前介入治療的難點(diǎn)之一,也是冠心病介入治療待攻克的最后的“堡壘”。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),CTO占全部冠狀動(dòng)脈病變的30%以上,但由于其病變復(fù)雜性及介入操作的困難性,CTO患者接受經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療(PCI)的比例<10%,且介入治療成功率較低,因此有效預(yù)防CTO成為近年來臨床研究熱點(diǎn)之一。既往臨床研究多側(cè)重于CTO臨床特征、治療策略、治療效果及護(hù)理等,陶波等所在課題組在既往研究基礎(chǔ)上探討了平均血小板體積(MPV)和尿酸(UA)水平與CTO的關(guān)系,結(jié)果表明MPV和UA可預(yù)測CTO的發(fā)生,且檢測方便、敏感,具有一定臨床參考價(jià)值,敬請(qǐng)關(guān)注!