周全,黃怡,魯祖建,易劍明,梁莉,郭寧
(湖南省常德市第一人民醫(yī)院 心血管內(nèi)科,湖南 常德 415003)
長(zhǎng)期服用他汀的穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者PC I術(shù)前單次負(fù)荷劑量阿托伐他汀對(duì)心肌損傷的影響
周全,黃怡,魯祖建,易劍明,梁莉,郭寧
(湖南省常德市第一人民醫(yī)院 心血管內(nèi)科,湖南 常德 415003)
目的探討長(zhǎng)期服用他汀的穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療(P C I)術(shù)前給予單次負(fù)荷劑量80m g阿托伐他汀對(duì)心肌損傷及炎癥反應(yīng)的影響。方法將85例擇期行P C I且術(shù)前服用常規(guī)劑量他汀類藥物>30 d的穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者隨機(jī)分為兩組,P C I前8~12 h服用阿托伐他汀,劑量分別為20m g(常規(guī)劑量組)42例,80m g(負(fù)荷劑量組)43例,觀察兩組患者術(shù)后8和24 h肌酸激酶同工酶(C K-M B)、超敏肌鈣蛋白T (c TnT)、超敏C-反應(yīng)蛋白(h s-C RP)等指標(biāo)變化。結(jié)果①常規(guī)劑量組術(shù)后8和24 h C K-M B、c TnT、h s-C RP高于術(shù)前,以術(shù)后24 h升高明顯;②負(fù)荷劑量組術(shù)后24h C K-M B、c TnT、h s-C RP高于術(shù)前;③負(fù)荷劑量組術(shù)后24 h C K-M B、c TnT、h s-C RP低于常規(guī)劑量組。結(jié)論長(zhǎng)期服用他汀類藥物治療的穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者P C I術(shù)前給予80m g負(fù)荷劑量阿托伐他汀對(duì)心肌具有保護(hù)作用。
冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性心臟病;經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療;肌鈣蛋白;阿托伐他汀
既往未行他汀類藥物治療的穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者,擇期經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療(perc u taneo u s coronary inter v ention,PCI),術(shù)前24 h口服80m g阿托伐他汀可以減少PCI相關(guān)心肌損傷和降低PCI術(shù)后不良心臟事件的發(fā)生率。在他汀廣泛應(yīng)用的今天,許多患者正在接受長(zhǎng)期他汀治療進(jìn)行冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性心臟病(以下簡(jiǎn)稱冠心?。┑囊患?jí)和二級(jí)預(yù)防。對(duì)于上述患者,在PCI術(shù)前再次給予負(fù)荷量他汀治療是否可進(jìn)一步獲益,尚未明確。本研究探討長(zhǎng)期服用他汀的穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者PCI術(shù)前給予單次負(fù)荷劑量80m g阿托伐他汀對(duì)心肌損傷及炎癥反應(yīng)的影響,為PCI術(shù)前給予單次負(fù)荷劑量他汀類藥物提供理論依據(jù)。
1.1研究對(duì)象
選取2013年6月-2015年8月本院心血管內(nèi)科住院接受擇期PCI手術(shù)且術(shù)前服用常規(guī)劑量他汀類藥物>30 d的冠心病患者85例。其中,男性56例,女性29例;年齡45~80歲;排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征;②既往有PCI史或冠狀動(dòng)脈旁路移植術(shù)史;③嚴(yán)重心力衰竭;④腎功能不全;⑤肝臟轉(zhuǎn)氨酶升高超過(guò)正常高值2倍,活動(dòng)性肝??;⑥肌肉疾?。虎邜盒阅[瘤或患有炎癥性疾??;⑧PCI術(shù)前肌酸激酶同工酶(creatinine k inase M B isoen z yme,C K-M B)和/或超敏肌鈣蛋白T(cardiac troponin T,cTnT)水平超過(guò)參考數(shù)值的正常高值。
1.2實(shí)驗(yàn)方法與分組
所有對(duì)象簽署知情同意書,隨機(jī)分組,PCI前8~12 h服用阿托伐他?。绹?guó)輝瑞公司,商品名立普妥)。劑量為20m g(常規(guī)劑量組)42例;80m g(負(fù)荷劑量組)43例,兩組患者均用血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)化酶抑制劑或血管緊張素受體拮抗劑、β受體阻滯劑,術(shù)前口服阿司匹林、氯吡格雷,術(shù)后服用阿司匹林0.1 g,1次/d,氯吡格雷75m g,1次/d,阿托伐他汀20m g,1次/d,皮下注射低分子肝素100u/k g,12h/次,3~5 d。
1.3生化檢查
所有患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后8和24 h采靜脈血測(cè)定C K-M B、cTnT、超敏C-反應(yīng)蛋白(hypersensiti v e C reacti v e protein,hs-C R P)等指標(biāo)。所有患者術(shù)前空腹清晨采靜脈血測(cè)定總膽固醇(total cholesterol,T C)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(lo w density lipoprotein cholesterol,L D L-C)、 高 密 度 脂 蛋 白 膽 固 醇(hi g h-density lipoprotein,H D L-C)、谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(alanine aminotrans f erase,A L T),術(shù)后第3天空腹清晨采靜脈血測(cè)定A L T。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用S P SS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差()表示,多組間比較用方差分析,若方差齊則用t檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行兩兩比較,計(jì)數(shù)資料以用百分比或率表示,用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1臨床資料及介入特征比較
兩組年齡、性別、吸煙史、術(shù)前服用他汀種類、高血壓病史、體重指數(shù)、糖尿病史、血脂、冠狀動(dòng)脈病變、支架植入病變及數(shù)量、球囊擴(kuò)張壓力、支架釋放壓力比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>O.05)。見表1。
2.2兩組C K-MB、c T n T、h s-CRP、A LT水平比較
表1 兩組患者臨床資料及介入特征比較
常規(guī)劑量組與負(fù)荷劑量組術(shù)前、術(shù)后8和24 h的C K-M B、cTnT、hs-C R P比較,經(jīng)用重復(fù)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)的方差分析,結(jié)果:①不同時(shí)間C K-M B、cTnT、hs-C R P比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=11.569,P=0.006);②常規(guī)劑量組與負(fù)荷劑量組C K-M B、cTnT、hs-C R P比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=19.423,P=0.001)。兩組術(shù)前C K-M B、cTnT、hs-C R P水平比較,經(jīng)t檢驗(yàn),差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。常規(guī)劑量組術(shù)后8和24h C K-M B、cTnT、hs-C R P水平高于術(shù)前,以24 h升高明顯(8 h:t=1.187、2.369和1.296,P=0.042、0.020和0.034;24h:t=1.358、3.861和2.075,P=0.030、0.016和0.024)。負(fù)荷劑量組術(shù)后24 h C K-M B、cTnT、hs-C R P高于術(shù)前(t=1.284、2.963和1.754,P=0.038、0.019和0.027)。負(fù)荷劑量組術(shù)后24 h C K-M B、cTnT、hs-C R P水平低于常規(guī)劑量組。兩組術(shù)后A L T與術(shù)前比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表2。
續(xù)表1
表2 兩組C K-MB、c T n T、h s-CRP、A LT水平比較 (x±s)
經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入術(shù)能引起血管損傷、血小板活化、血栓形成、血管壁和遠(yuǎn)端微血管的炎癥反應(yīng),心肌損傷導(dǎo)致心肌損傷標(biāo)志物升高。PCI術(shù)對(duì)冠狀動(dòng)脈的損傷可激起機(jī)體的急性炎癥反應(yīng),急慢性炎癥細(xì)胞即參與動(dòng)脈損傷的修復(fù)過(guò)程,術(shù)后C R P水平明顯升高。本研究結(jié)果顯示,無(wú)論常規(guī)劑量組還是負(fù)荷劑量組,術(shù)后C TnT、C K-M B、hs-C R P水平顯著高于術(shù)前,證實(shí)PCI術(shù)導(dǎo)致心肌損傷及炎癥反應(yīng)。PCI術(shù)后C K-M B和肌鈣蛋白的輕微升高反應(yīng)心肌細(xì)胞的壞死,圍手術(shù)期心肌損傷是PCI的重要并發(fā)癥之一,并且與患者的長(zhǎng)期不良預(yù)后相關(guān)[1-2]。
研究顯示,無(wú)論急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征還是既往未行他汀類藥物治療穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者,早期強(qiáng)化劑量的阿托伐他汀可以減少PCI相關(guān)心肌損傷和降低PCI術(shù)后不良心臟事件的發(fā)生率[3-4]。對(duì)于長(zhǎng)期服用他汀類藥物的穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者,擇期PCI治療術(shù)前給予負(fù)荷量他汀,是否也具有心肌保護(hù)作用,相關(guān)報(bào)道少。國(guó)內(nèi)有研究提示,長(zhǎng)期他汀治療并擇期PCI的穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者,術(shù)前大劑量他汀短時(shí)間再負(fù)荷治療(術(shù)前12 h 80m g阿托伐他汀負(fù)荷及術(shù)前2 h 40m g阿托伐他汀再負(fù)荷)可提高圍手術(shù)期外周血中早期循環(huán)內(nèi)皮祖細(xì)胞的數(shù)量,減輕圍術(shù)期炎癥反應(yīng)及心肌損傷[5]。本研究中,PCI前8~12 h服用阿托伐他汀80m g 1次,結(jié)果顯示,接受阿托伐他汀80m g強(qiáng)化治療組術(shù)后24 h C TnT、C K-M B、hs-C R P水平較阿托伐他汀20m g常規(guī)劑量組明顯降低,提示長(zhǎng)期服用他汀類藥物治療穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者PCI術(shù)前負(fù)荷80m g阿托伐他汀,仍然有減輕心肌損傷和減輕炎癥反應(yīng)作用,且未見肝功能損害發(fā)生。
對(duì)于擇期PCI患者,高劑量的他汀預(yù)治療是合理的,因?yàn)榇髣┝克】山档臀⒀軗p傷,有良好的保護(hù)作用[6]。他汀類藥物的心血管保護(hù)作用會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而衰減。動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),誘導(dǎo)缺血或再灌注前即刻給予大劑量的阿托伐他汀,可重塑心血管保護(hù)作用[7]。臨床研究對(duì)PCI術(shù)前已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)期接受他汀治療的患者,PCI術(shù)前給予負(fù)荷量他汀可以減少心肌損傷,降低M A C E的發(fā)生率[8]。本研究的局限性為樣本量較小、觀察指標(biāo)少、觀察時(shí)間短。本研究結(jié)果表明,對(duì)于長(zhǎng)期服用他汀類藥物治療的穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者,PCI術(shù)前給予80m g負(fù)荷劑量阿托伐他汀治療具有心肌保護(hù)作用。
[1]I O A NN I D I S J P,K A R VOU N I E,K A T R I T S I S D G.M ortality ris k con f erred by small ele v ations o f creatine k inase-M Bisoen z yme a f ter perc u taneo u s coronary inter v ention[J].J A m C oll C ardiol,2003,42(8):1406-1411.
[2]R ICCI A R D I M J,D A V I D S O N C J,G UB E R N I KO FF G,et al. Troponin I ele v ation and cardiac e v ents a f ter perc u taneo u s coronary inter v ention[J].A m H eart J,2003,145(3):522-528.
[3]B R IG UO R I C,V I S C O NT I G,F(xiàn) O C A CCI O A.et al.No v el approaches f or pre v entin g or limitin g e v ents(Naples)Ⅱ trial impact o f a sin g le hi g h loadin g dose o f ator v astatin on periproced u ral myocardial in f arction[J].J A m C oil C ardiol,2009,54(23): 2157-2163.
[4]李京倡,張曉.早期阿托伐他汀強(qiáng)化治療對(duì)急性冠脈綜合癥患者PCI術(shù)后預(yù)后的影響[J].中國(guó)現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2012,22(31):61-64.
[5]賀甫威,葉紅華,費(fèi)曉紅,等.經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入術(shù)前他汀再負(fù)荷對(duì)圍術(shù)期循壞內(nèi)皮祖細(xì)胞及炎癥因子的影響[J].中國(guó)病理生理雜志,2014,30(10):1772-1777.
[6]H E G X,T A N W.H i g h-dose ator v astatin pretreatment co u ld diminishes micro v asc u lar impairment in patients u nder g oin g electi v e perc u taneo u s coronary inter v ention[J].J G eriatr C ardiol,2013,10(4): 355-360.
[7]M EN S A H K,M O C A N U M M,Y E LL O N D M.F ail u re to protect the myocardi u m a g ainst ischemia/reper fu sion in j u ry a f ter chronic ator v astatin treatment is recapt u red by ac u te ator v astatin treatment:a potential role f or phosphatase and tensin homolo g deleted on chromosome ten[J].J A m C oll C ardiol,2005,45(8):1287-1291.
[8]D I S CI A S CI O G,P A TT I G,P A S C E R I V,et al.E ff icacy o f atorv astatin reload in patients on chronic statin therapy u nder g oin g perc u taneo u s coronary inter v ention:res u lts o f the A R M Y D A-R EC A P T U R E(ator v astatin f or red u ction o f myocardial dama g e d u rin g an g ioplasty)randomi z ed trial[J].J A m C oil C ardiol,2009,54(6): 558-565.
(童穎丹 編輯)
M yocardial protective effect of single high loading dose of Atorvastatin before percutaneous coronary intervention in patients receiving chronic Statin treatment for stable angina pectoris
Quan Zhou,Yi Huang,Zu-jian Lu,Jian-ming Yi,Li Liang,Ning Guo
(Department of Cardiology,the First People's Hospital of Changde,Changde,Hunan 415003,China)
Objective To observe the myocardial protection effect of single high loading dose of 80 mg Atorvastatin before percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in patients accepting chronic Statin treatment for stable angina pectoris(SAP).M ethods A total of 85 SAP patients who had received long-term Statin therapy were random ly assigned into conventional-dose group(given 20mg Atorvastatin)and load-dose group(given 80mg Atorvastatin).The patients received intensive pretreatment of Atorvastatin within 8-12 h before PCI.The changes of postoperative creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),cardiac troponin T(cTnT)and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)were observed 8 h and 24 h after PCI.Results In the conventional-dose group,the levels of CK-MB,cTnT and hs-CRP significantly increased at 8 h and 24 h after PCI compared with the preoperative levels.In the loading-dose group,the levels of CK-MB,cTnT and hs-CRP significantly increased at 24 h after PCI compared with the preoperative levels.In the loading-dose group,the levels of CK-MB,cTnT and hs-CRP significantly decreased at 24 h after PCI compared with the conventional-dose group. Conclusions Single high loading dose of 80mg Atorvastatin given prior to PCI has myocardial protection in patients with stable angina pectoris receiving chronic Statin treatment.
coronary heart disease;percutaneous coronary intervention;cardiac troponin;Atorvastatin
R 541.4
B
10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2016.15.025
1005-8982(2016)15-0127-04
2015-11-03
中國(guó)現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)雜志2016年15期