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乳房部位乳頭狀汗管囊腺瘤一例并文獻(xiàn)復(fù)習(xí)

2016-10-17 06:48王文嶺敖俊紅
實(shí)用皮膚病學(xué)雜志 2016年4期
關(guān)鍵詞:汗腺角化乳頭狀

祝 賀,王文嶺,敖俊紅

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乳房部位乳頭狀汗管囊腺瘤一例并文獻(xiàn)復(fù)習(xí)

祝 賀,王文嶺,敖俊紅

乳頭狀汗管囊腺瘤是一種少見的外泌汗腺錯(cuò)構(gòu)瘤。該文報(bào)道1例29歲女性乳房表現(xiàn)為丘疹、結(jié)節(jié)形態(tài)的乳頭狀汗管囊腺瘤患者。該例患者成年期發(fā)病,皮損位于乳房部位,臨床表現(xiàn)不典型,但組織病理較為經(jīng)典。同時(shí),對該病的疾病特點(diǎn)、發(fā)病機(jī)制及鑒別診斷進(jìn)行了文獻(xiàn)復(fù)習(xí)。

汗管囊腺瘤,乳頭狀

[J Pract Dermatol, 2016, 9(4):240-242]

臨床資料

圖1 乳頭狀汗管囊腺瘤患者乳房皮損

患者,女,29歲。主因右側(cè)乳房丘疹、斑塊7年余,于2016年2月10日就診。7年前,無明顯誘因患者右側(cè)乳頭內(nèi)上方出現(xiàn)一粟米大小紅色丘疹,皮損緩慢增大、增多,部分融合;從未破潰,無主觀不適感,未治療;就診前2 d自行用力擠壓,皮損處可擠出少量清亮液體,但皮損較之前無明顯變化。既往患者體健,育有1子(3歲),否認(rèn)局部外傷史及傳染病史,密切接觸者無類似病癥。系統(tǒng)查體無異常,右側(cè)腋窩及鎖骨下淋巴結(jié)無增大。皮膚科情況:右側(cè)乳頭上方可見3個(gè)鮮紅至暗紅色、綠豆至黃豆大小扁平丘疹及斑塊,表面光滑,部分融合,皮下隱見針尖大小淡黃色顆粒樣物質(zhì),新發(fā)皮損表面可見臍凹(圖1),觸之質(zhì)地略韌,無壓痛,周圍皮膚無異常。實(shí)驗(yàn)室及輔助檢查:血、尿、糞常規(guī)正常;乳腺超聲多譜勒檢查無異常。皮膚超聲多譜勒示:皮下多個(gè)大小不等的不規(guī)則低回聲區(qū)(圖2)。新發(fā)皮損組織病理檢查示:表皮向下內(nèi)折形成一囊腔,囊壁由雙層腺上皮細(xì)胞構(gòu)成;腔內(nèi)側(cè)細(xì)胞呈柱狀、多層排列成絨毛狀突起,胞核呈卵圓形,胞質(zhì)弱嗜酸性,可見頂漿分泌,腔外側(cè)細(xì)胞呈立方形單層排列,胞質(zhì)少、嗜堿性;部分由腺上皮細(xì)胞組成的管腔中央可見漿細(xì)胞;瘤體下方可見較多汗腺導(dǎo)管樣結(jié)構(gòu)與囊腔相連;真皮淺中層少量淋巴細(xì)胞浸潤(圖3)。診斷:乳頭狀汗管囊腺瘤?;颊哌x擇擇期手術(shù),目前尚未治療,隨訪中,皮損無變化。

圖2 乳頭狀汗管囊腺瘤患者皮損超聲多譜勒圖像

圖3 乳頭狀汗管囊腺瘤患者皮損組織病理(HE染色)

討論

乳頭狀汗管囊腺瘤(syringocystadenoma papilliferum,SCAP)是一種少見的皮膚附屬器腫瘤,多發(fā)生于新生兒或兒童期,至青春期明顯增長。>50%的發(fā)病部位為頭皮且并發(fā)皮脂腺痣。頭面部的SCAP多排列為線形,而軀干部位的皮損多呈現(xiàn)結(jié)節(jié)狀[1]?;仡櫸墨I(xiàn)也有一些生長于少見部位的個(gè)案報(bào)道,如臀部、外陰部、耳部、眼瞼、手術(shù)瘢痕、大腿、腋窩、下腹部及背部,甚至口腔內(nèi)[2-17],僅有2例報(bào)道位于乳頭部位[12,18]。SCAP通常表現(xiàn)為紅色或褐色的丘疹、結(jié)節(jié),表面呈扁平、光滑、無毛發(fā),也可出現(xiàn)乳頭瘤狀或疣狀增生,直徑5~160 mm。男女發(fā)病比例基本一致[19]。皮損多進(jìn)展緩慢,極少數(shù)可以在數(shù)個(gè)月內(nèi)有較快增長。SCAP偶爾可以并發(fā)一些少見疾病,如大汗腺汗囊瘤、透明細(xì)胞汗管瘤、毛發(fā)上皮瘤、尋常疣及尖銳濕疣等[20,21],甚至可并發(fā)部分惡性腫瘤,如疣狀癌、基底細(xì)胞癌、皮脂腺癌或?qū)Ч馨┑龋?2]。個(gè)別SCAP可進(jìn)展為乳頭狀汗管囊腺癌。

SCAP的皮損缺乏臨床特點(diǎn),確診主要依賴于組織病理。SCAP的組織是否來源于外泌汗腺或頂漿分泌及其發(fā)病機(jī)制并不明確。有研究推測其可能來源于多功能干細(xì)胞。有報(bào)道認(rèn)為皮脂腺痣患者的HRAS 和KRAS基因突變或PTCH 基因缺失[23],既而有研究證實(shí)PTCH基因缺失也出現(xiàn)在一些SCAP患者體內(nèi)。近期研究還通過全外顯子測序,證實(shí)了部分皮損呈線狀排列或散發(fā)的 SCAP患者的BRAF V600E基因存在突變[24]。另外SCAP腫瘤細(xì)胞的癌胚抗原(CEA)及protein-15表達(dá)陽性[25]。本例患者為成年期發(fā)病,起病與進(jìn)展均與妊娠及哺乳期無關(guān)。皮損分布有呈線狀排列的趨勢,皮損進(jìn)展緩慢,陳舊、融合性皮損表面分布淡黃色顆粒樣的皮脂腺結(jié)構(gòu),而新發(fā)皮損則表現(xiàn)出與傳染性軟疣類似的臍凹樣改變,且周圍皮膚正常,未并發(fā)常見的皮脂腺痣等疾病,臨床表現(xiàn)很不典型,診斷較為困難。由于患者曾自行擠壓出少量透明液體,且組織病理顯示其下方有汗腺導(dǎo)管,偏振光皮膚顯微鏡下可見較多數(shù)量的腺體導(dǎo)管開口,提示SCAP的皮損是外分泌性且與表皮相通。

SCAP需要與乳頭狀汗腺腺瘤、疣狀角化不良瘤和倒置性毛囊角化病等相鑒別。與SCAP不同的是乳頭狀汗腺腺瘤的組織病理表現(xiàn)沒有與表皮相連的反折部份,而是皮損位于真皮內(nèi),管腔的核心缺少漿細(xì)胞。疣狀角化不良瘤和倒置性毛囊角化病雖然也表現(xiàn)為一種內(nèi)生性的模式,但疣狀角化不良瘤與延長的真皮乳頭相連,基底膜帶上方的棘層有松解現(xiàn)象,可見角化不良細(xì)胞;而倒置性毛囊角化病組織病理更象一個(gè)擴(kuò)張的毛囊,并有由成熟的扁平鱗狀細(xì)胞組成的鱗狀旋渦。

雖然本病絕大多數(shù)表現(xiàn)為良性腫瘤,但由于其真皮內(nèi)有較多汗腺導(dǎo)管樣結(jié)構(gòu),激光及冷凍術(shù)等難以徹底清除,易復(fù)發(fā);同時(shí),本病有進(jìn)展為惡性腫瘤的概率,因此,首選治療為手術(shù)擴(kuò)大切除。

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[2] Nascimento BA, Carneiro CM, Carvalho AH, et al. Syringocy-stadenoma papilliferum in an unusual location [J]. An Bras Dermatol,2015, 90(6):900-902.

[3] Stewart CJ. Syringocystadenoma papilliferum-like lesion of the vulva [J]. Pathology, 2008 40(6):638-639.

[4] Goshima J, Hara H, Okada T, et al. Syringocystadenoma papilliferum arising on the scrotum [J]. Eur J Dermatol, 2003, 13(3):271.

[5] Bakshi J, Parida PK. Syringocystadenoma papilliferum: report of first case on the pinna [J]. J Laryngol Otol, 2006, 120(12):e45.

[6] Askar S, Kilinc N, Aytekin S. Syringocystadenoma papilliferum mimicking basal cell carcinoma on the lower eyelid: a case report [J]. Acta Chir Plast, 2002, 44(4):117-119.

[7] Barbarino S, McCormick SA, Lauer SA, et al. Syringocystadenoma papilliferum of the eyelid [J]. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg, 2009,25(3):185-188.

[8] Helmi A, Alaraj AM, Alkatan H. Report of 3 histopathologically documented cases of syringocystadenoma papilliferum involving the eyelid [J]. Can J Ophthalmol, 2011, 46(3):287-289.

[9] Su TC, Shen KH, Wang HK, et al. Lipomatous apocrine adenoma with syringocystadenoma papilliferum arising from the external auditory canal [J]. Head Neck Oncol, 2011, 3:36.

[10] Saricaoglu H, Baskan EB, Ozuysal S, et al. A case of syringocystadenoma papilliferum: an unusual localization on postoperative scar [J]. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2002,16(5):534-536.

[11] Laxmisha C, Thappa DM, Mishra MM, et al. Linear syringocystadenoma papilliferum of the scalp [J]. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2007, 21(2):275-276.

[12] Shindo M, Yamada N, Yoshida Y, et al. Syringocystadenoma papilliferum on the male nipple [J]. J Dermatol, 2011, 38(6):593-596.

[13] Malhotra P, Singh A, Ramesh V. Syringocystadenoma papilliferum on the thigh: an unusual location [J]. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol,2009, 75(2):170-172.

[14] Xu XL, Zhang GY, Zeng XS, et al. A case of zonal syringocystadenoma papilliferum of the axilla mimicking verruca vulgaris [J]. Am J Dermatopathol, 2010, 32(1):49-51.

[15] Ghosh SK, Bandyopadhyay D, Chatterjee G, et al. Syringocystadenoma papilliferum: an unusual presentation [J]. Pediatr Dermatol, 2009, 26(6):758-759.

[16] Yap FB, Lee BR, Baba R. Syringocystadenoma papilliferum in an unusual location beyond the head and neck region: a case report and review of literature [J]. Dermatol Online, 2010, 16(10):4.

[17] Ranjan Agrawal, Parbodh Kumar, Rahul Varshney, et al. Syringocystadenoma papilliferum: an unusual presentation [J]. J Clin Diagn Res, 2014, 8(5): QD3-4.

[18] 張?jiān)疲?徐倩倩, 施辛. 男性乳頭乳暈處乳頭狀汗管囊腺瘤一例 [J].中華皮膚科雜志, 2016, 49(1):25.

[19] Malhotra P, Singh A, Ramesh V. Syringocystadenoma papilliferum on the thigh: an unusual location [J]. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol,2009, 75(2):170-172.

[21] Sardesai VR, Agarwal VM, Manwatkar PP, et al. Giant condyloma acuminata with syringocystadenoma papilliferum [J]. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol, 2009, 75:330.

[22] Rammeh-Rommani S, Fezaa B, Chelbi E, et al. Syringocystadenoma

papilliferum: report of 8 cases [J]. Pathologica, 2006, 98(3):178-180.

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and KRAS mutations cause nevus sebaceous and Schimmelpenning syndrome [J]. Nat Genet, 2012, 10, 44(7):783-787.

[24] Levinsohn JL, Sugarman JL, Bilguvar K, et al. Somatic V600E BRAF mutation in linear and sporadic syringocystadenoma papilliferum [J]. J Invest Dermatol, 2015, 135(10): 2536-2538.

[25] Malhotra P, Singh A, Ramesh V. Syringocystadenoma papilliferum on the thigh: an unusual location [J]. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol,2009, 75(2):170-172.

A case of syringocystadenoma papilliferum on mammary and literature review

ZHU He,WANG Wen-ling,AO Jun-hong
Institute of Skin Damage and Repair, PLA Army General Hospital, Bejing 100700, China

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum is a rare benign hamartomatous adnexal tumor of the apocrine or eccrine sweat glands. We present a case of syringocystadenoma papilliferum of an adult female with papulonodular lesion located on the mammary. This case illustrates the atypical location of this rare disease and presents a brief review of the natural history of syringocystadenoma papilliferum, as well as its pathogenesis and differential diagnosis.

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum

R739.5

A

1674-1293(2016)04-0240-03

[20] Yamamoto O, Y, Hamada T, et al. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of syringocystadenoma papilliferum [J]. Br J Dermatol, 2002, 147(5):936-945.

2016-04-06

2016-07-01)

(本文編輯 敖俊紅)

10.11786/sypfbxzz.1674-1293.20160405

100700 北京,陸軍總醫(yī)院皮膚科,全軍皮膚損傷修復(fù)研究所(祝賀,王文嶺,敖俊紅)

祝賀,副主任醫(yī)師,研究方向:醫(yī)學(xué)真菌學(xué)及兒童皮膚病的臨床診治,E-mail: 137202744@qq.com

敖俊紅,E-mail: aojunhong@sina.com

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