楊 陽,楊 龍,魏 燕,蔣雪花,陳志勇,陳 堅(jiān)
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論著
抗病毒治療對HBV DNA陰性的乙肝相關(guān)肝癌行TACE術(shù)后HBV再激活的預(yù)防及對預(yù)后影響
楊陽1,楊龍1,魏燕2,蔣雪花1,陳志勇1,陳堅(jiān)2
目的觀察抗病毒治療對乙肝病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)DNA陰性的乙肝相關(guān)肝細(xì)胞癌(hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma,HBVR-HCC)行TACE術(shù)后HBV再激活的預(yù)防及預(yù)后影響。方法選取2012-05-01至2014-05-01在武警上??傟?duì)醫(yī)院行肝動脈化療栓塞術(shù)(transarterial chemoembolization,TACE)HBVR-HCC患者60例(血清HBV DNA<500 U/ml),隨機(jī)分為治療組(TACE前行抗病毒治療)30例和對照組(僅行TACE治療,HBV再激活后行抗病毒治療)30例。比較兩組患者治療前后血清HBV DNA、肝功能、凝血功能、甲胎蛋白(α-fetoprotein,AFP)及Child-pugh評分變化情況及生存狀況。結(jié)果兩組患者基線特征差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,治療組中未出現(xiàn)患者血清HBV DNA轉(zhuǎn)為陽性,對照組中有6例患者血清HBV DNA轉(zhuǎn)為陽性,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=6.486,P=0.011);術(shù)后隨訪期間,肝功能指標(biāo)與Child-pugh評分在治療組與對照組之間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;術(shù)后24周及48周,凝血酶原時間(prothrombin time,PT)與AFP在治療組與對照組之間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;術(shù)后72周及96周,治療組明顯低于對照組,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療組和對照組客觀緩解率(objective response rate, ORR)分別為56.7%和50.0%,兩組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.268,P=0.605);治療組和對照組患者疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)分別為86.7%和83.3%,兩組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.131,P=0.718)。治療組與對照組1年生存率分別為76.7%和70.0%,兩組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.341,P=0.559);2年生存率分別為70.0%和43.3%,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.344,P=0.037)。治療組與對照組中位生存期(median overall survival,mOS)分別為26.1[95%可信區(qū)間(confidence interval,CI):23.9~28.1]個月與22.7(95%CI:6.2~39.6)個月,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.857,P=0.021);中位疾病無進(jìn)展生存期(median progression-free survival,mPFS)分別為16.4(95%CI:14.8~17.6)個月與15.1(95%CI:4.6~26.0)個月,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.561,P=0.027)。結(jié)論血清HBV DNA陰性的HBVR-HCC患者TACE術(shù)前行抗病毒治療可以防止乙肝病毒再激活,延長患者生存時間,改善預(yù)后。
乙型肝炎;再激活;肝細(xì)胞癌;抗病毒;動脈化療栓塞
肝動脈化療栓塞(transarterial chemoembolization,TACE)可以提高中晚期肝細(xì)胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)患者的生存率[1],然而局部腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)和肝衰竭仍是導(dǎo)致患者死亡的主要原因。研究證明,約90%的HCC患者合并乙肝病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染[2,3],10%~30%乙肝相關(guān)肝細(xì)胞癌(hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma,HBVR-HCC)患者行TACE術(shù)后出現(xiàn)HBV再激活[4,5],HBV感染及其再激活在HCC患者TACE術(shù)后腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)和肝衰竭的過程中起到重要作用。因此,近年來國內(nèi)外已有大量研究表明,對于血清HBV DNA陽性的HCC患者積極行抗乙肝病毒治療,可以改善患者預(yù)后[6-16];而血清HBV DNA陰性的HBVR-HCC患者在抗病毒適應(yīng)證方面是應(yīng)該密切監(jiān)測血清HBV DNA水平,待其被再激活后實(shí)施抗病毒治療,還是應(yīng)在行TACE術(shù)前即抗病毒治療,目前仍存在許多爭議[17],目前對于血清HBV DNA陰性的HBVR-HCC癌患者抗病毒治療國內(nèi)外臨床資料極少。本研究旨在探討抗病毒治療對血清HBV DNA陰性的HBVR-HCC患者行TACE術(shù)后HBV再激活的預(yù)防及預(yù)后影響。
1.1對象選擇2012-05-01至2014-05-01在我院感染科、腫瘤內(nèi)科門診就診及住院的患者作為研究對象。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)HCC的診斷符合我國2011年版肝癌診療規(guī)范[18],無手術(shù)指證,無TACE禁忌證;(2)血清HBsAg陽性,血清HBV DNA<500 U/ml;(3)臨床相關(guān)資料完整;(4)肝功能分級(Child-Pugh)A或B級;(5)按照新修訂的實(shí)體瘤療效評價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[19](modified responsed evaluation criteria in solid tumors, mRECIST)至少有一個能被測量的未處理靶病灶。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)既往曾行抗病毒、化療或放射治療;(2)合并慢性肝病包括丙型肝炎、丁型肝炎、自身免疫性肝病、膽汁淤積性肝硬化、乙醇性肝病及人類免疫缺陷病毒(human immuno deficiency virus,HIV)感染。
根據(jù)納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)選擇60例HBVR-HCC患者,其中男43例,女17例;年齡38~62歲,中位年齡45.9歲。采用數(shù)字法將60例分為治療組和對照組,每組30例。兩組患者基線資料差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,表1)。所有病例均經(jīng)肝穿刺活檢或根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查結(jié)果結(jié)合影像學(xué)確定診斷,其中臨床診斷41例,病理診斷19例。
表1 乙肝相關(guān)肝細(xì)胞癌60例患者基線一般資料 (n=30;±s)
1.2方法治療組行TACE前1周給予恩替卡韋(中美上海施貴寶制藥有限公司,批號:H20052237,0.5 mg/次,1 次/d,TACE術(shù)后長期用藥)口服治療,對照組僅予行TACE治療,檢測到血清HBV DNA轉(zhuǎn)陽后再行恩替卡韋口服抗病毒治療。TACE的具體操作流程為采用Seldinger技術(shù)行股動脈穿刺插管至肝固有動脈或其分支,造影明確腫瘤供血動脈后選擇插管至腫瘤供血動脈,盡可能接近瘤灶,用碘油(上海旭東海普藥業(yè)有限公司,批號:H31021603)與絲裂霉素(日本協(xié)和發(fā)酵工業(yè)株式會社,批號:425ACI)或表柔比星(浙江海正股份藥業(yè)有限公司,批號:1131007A)混合乳化劑在X線監(jiān)視下注入腫瘤供血動脈內(nèi),注藥至載瘤動脈血流停滯時結(jié)束。栓塞結(jié)束后再次肝總動脈行動脈造影,評估栓塞程度以及肝動脈其他分支的血流情況。術(shù)后給予保肝對癥治療,TACE治療時間間隔一般為4~6周,治療組和對照組分別行介入治療(3.9±0.74)和(4.2±0.79)次,兩組治療次數(shù)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.391)。所有患者術(shù)前術(shù)后均常規(guī)行保肝、退黃疸、利尿、糾正低蛋白血癥等非手術(shù)治療,定期復(fù)查發(fā)現(xiàn)問題及時對癥處理。TACE停止標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[15]:腫瘤影像學(xué)可見腫瘤全部壞死或消失,同時連續(xù)2次AFP檢測水平均處于正常范圍內(nèi);肝功能出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重障礙;認(rèn)為患者已不宜繼續(xù)接受治療或患者本人不愿繼續(xù)接受治療。
1.3療效評價(jià)根據(jù)mRECIST評價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評價(jià)治療效果,分為完全緩解(complete response,CR),部分緩解(partial response,PR)、疾病穩(wěn)定(stable disease,SD)、疾病進(jìn)展(progressive disease,PD)。以CR+PR計(jì)算客觀緩解率(objective response rate, ORR),以CR+PR+SD計(jì)算疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)。
1.4隨訪隨訪至2015-10,隨訪時間5~35個月,中位隨訪時間17.7個月。隨訪內(nèi)容包括患者神志、腹水量、肝功能、凝血功能、血清HBV DNA、AFP及影像學(xué)資料,制定隨訪表。隨訪方式為門診、住院及電話等,對患者隨訪的終點(diǎn)為患者死亡??偵嫫?overall survival,OS)定義為首次介入術(shù)至患者死亡的時間,如患者未死亡即為初診至隨訪時間;疾病無進(jìn)展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)定義為首次介入術(shù)至患者腫瘤出現(xiàn)復(fù)發(fā)或新的轉(zhuǎn)移的時間,如患者未出現(xiàn)上述情況,即為介入術(shù)至隨訪的時間。
2.1HBV再激活情況比較首次行TACE術(shù)至隨訪結(jié)束,治療組中未出現(xiàn)患者血清HBV DNA轉(zhuǎn)為陽性,對照組中有6例血清血清HBV DNA轉(zhuǎn)為陽性,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=6.486,P=0.011)。
2.2術(shù)后肝功能、凝血功能、AFP及Child-pugh評分比較術(shù)后24、48、72周及96周肝功能相關(guān)指標(biāo)與Child-pugh評分在治療組與對照組之間差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;術(shù)后24周及48周, PT與AFP在治療組與對照組之間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,而在術(shù)后72周及96周,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,表2)。
2.3近期療效治療組CR 2例,PR 15例,SD 9例,PD 4例;對照組CR 2例,PR 13例,SD 10例,PD 5例。治療組ORR為56.7%,對照組為50.0%,兩組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.268,P=0.605);治療組DCR為86.7%,對照組為83.3%,兩組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.131,P=0.718)。
表2 兩組乙肝相關(guān)肝細(xì)胞癌患者TACE治療后各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)變化比較 ±s)
注:與對照組比較,①P<0.05;②P<0.01
2.4預(yù)后分析治療組與對照組患者1年生存率分別為76.7%和70.0%,兩組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.341,P=0.559);治療組與對照組患者2年生存率分別為70.0%和43.3%,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,χ2=4.344,P=0.037。治療組中位生存期(median overall survival,mOS)為26.1個月,95%可信區(qū)間(confidence interval,CI):23.9~28.1;對照組mOS為22.7個月,95%CI:6.2~39.6,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.857,P=0.021,圖1)。治療組中位疾病無進(jìn)展生存期(median progression-free survival,mPFS)為16.4個月,95%CI:14.6~17.8;對照組mPFS為15.1個月,95%CI:4.6~26.2,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.561,P=0.027,圖2)。
圖1 兩組HBVR-HCC患者總生存期的比較
圖2 兩組HBVR-HCC患者疾病無進(jìn)展生存期的比較
本研究中對照組出現(xiàn)6例血清HBV DNA轉(zhuǎn)為陽性,后經(jīng)抗病毒治療血清HBV DNA轉(zhuǎn)陰,因此兩組患者術(shù)后近期療效(ORR、DCR)及1年生存率無顯著差異,可能與患者血清HBV DNA水平較低,對患者近期的影響較小以及血清HBV DNA轉(zhuǎn)陽患者采用恩替卡韋抗病毒治療后病毒迅速轉(zhuǎn)陰有關(guān)。但治療組的2年生存率較對照組有顯著的提高,其mOS與mPFS也較對照組有顯著的延長,治療組患者血清AFP與PT在48周及96周較對照組顯著降低也反映出患者獲益于抗病毒治療。隨訪期間兩組患者肝功能等生化指標(biāo)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義可能與患者長期積極采取保肝、利尿及糾正低蛋白血癥等內(nèi)科治療有關(guān),掩蓋了患者生化指標(biāo)的真實(shí)變化情況。
本研究中入組患者的基線血清HBV DNA均為陰性(HBV DNA<500 U/ml),對照組較治療組的不良預(yù)后除了與治療組中部分患者出現(xiàn)HBV再激活,HBV對腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)產(chǎn)生的不利影響以外,筆者認(rèn)為可能與對照組中未行抗病毒患者肝細(xì)胞內(nèi)低濃度的HBV DNA持續(xù)存在有關(guān),因?yàn)榛颊哐錒BV DNA水平低于檢測值下限不等于患者體液和肝細(xì)胞內(nèi)無HBV存在,這部分患者體內(nèi)病毒水平較低,但HBV的持續(xù)感染仍是導(dǎo)致患者腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)和肝功能異常的重要因素。
通過此項(xiàng)研究,筆者認(rèn)為對于血清HBV DNA陰性的HBVR-HCC患者行TACE術(shù)前也應(yīng)行抗病毒治療,除預(yù)防HBV的再激活以外,進(jìn)一步降低患者體內(nèi)HBV DNA水平對改善患者預(yù)后也能起到積極的作用,得出了與國內(nèi)外學(xué)者相似的研究結(jié)論[20-22]。
此外,本研究也存在一些不足之處,除納入的樣本量不大,可能導(dǎo)致檢驗(yàn)效能偏低外,主要是未對患者血清HBV DNA行高靈敏度檢測,目前,國內(nèi)商業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室可行高靈敏度血清HBV DNA檢測,檢測下限一般為15 ~20 U/ml,但此類檢測的費(fèi)用一般為醫(yī)院常規(guī)檢測的十倍左右,因此,針對HBVR-HCC患者廣泛采用該項(xiàng)檢查存在較大難度,如能對患者行此項(xiàng)檢查并根據(jù)病毒水平再細(xì)化分組進(jìn)行比較,可能得出更有說服力的循證醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù),為臨床治療提供更多科學(xué)依據(jù)。
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(2015-11-24收稿2016-01-15修回)
(責(zé)任編輯岳建華)
Effect of antiviral therapy on prevention ofHBV reactivation after transarterial chemoembolization and prognosis in patients with of HBV DNA negative HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma
YANG Yang1, YANG Long1, WEI Yan2, JIANG Xuehua1, CHEN Zhiyong1, and CHEN Jian2.
1.Department of Infectious Diseases,2.Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Corps Hospital of Chinese Pepole’s Armed Police Force, Shanghai 201103, China
ObjectiveTo study plan to observe the effect of antiviral therapy on hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA negative HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma(HBVR-HCC), prevention of HBV reactivation and prognosis after transarterial chemoembolisation.MethodsSixty patients with HBVR-HCC (serum HBV DNA<500 IU/ml) were recruited during the period of 2012-05-01~2014-05-01 from Shanghai Corps Hospital of Chinese Pepole’s Armed Police Force, randomly assigned into study group (n=30, antiviral before TACE) and control group (n=30, TACE alone, antiviral unless HBV reactivation). The serum HBV DNA, liver function, coagulation function, α-fetoprotein (APF), and Child-Pugh score of the two groups before and after treatment were analyzed, and survival status between the two groups were compared.ResultsThe characteristics of the two groups had no statistically significant differentce in the baseline. No HBV reactivation was found in the study group, while six were found in control group, there was statistically significant difference between the two group(χ2=6.486,P=0.011).During the follow-up for two years, the liver function and Child-Pugh score had no statistical significant difference between the two groups. Prothrombin time (PT) and AFP had no statistically significant difference between the two groups at 24 and 48 weeks after TACE(P>0.05), while in the study group were significantly lower than in the control group at 72 and 96 weeks(P<0.05). The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) had no statistically significant difference between the study group and the control group, there were 56.7%vs50.0% (χ2=0.268,P=0.605) and 86.7%vs83.3% (χ2=0.131,P=0.718), respectively. The survival rate of in the study group and the control group had no statistically significant difference at 1 year after TACE (76.7%vs70.0%,χ2=0.341,P=0.559), while had statistically significant difference at 2 years (70.0%vs43.3%,χ2=4.344,P=0.037). The median overall survival (mos) and median progression-free survival (mpfs) in the study group and the control group had statistically significant difference, there were 26.1 (95%CI: 23.9-28.1 ) months vs 22.7 (95%CI: 6.2-39.6) months (χ2=4.857,P=0.021) and 16.4 (95%CI:14.8-17.6) months vs 15.1 (95%CI:4.6-26.0)months (χ2=4.651,P=0.027), respectively.ConclusionsAntiviral therapy of HBV DNA negative HBVR-HCC before TACE can prevent HBV reactivation, prolong survival and improve prognosis.
hepatitis B; reactivation; hepatocellular carcinoma; antiviral; transarterial chemoembolization
楊陽,碩士研究生,主治醫(yī)師。
201103,武警上海總隊(duì)醫(yī)院:1.感染科,2.腫瘤內(nèi)科
楊龍,E-mail:yyandcg@sina.com
R735.7