Track 13
杜宇供稿
Reading’s Got a Way
朗讀有竅門
Track 13
杜宇供稿
自打?qū)W習(xí)英語(yǔ)以來(lái),我們已經(jīng)朗讀過(guò)無(wú)數(shù)篇課文。原因無(wú)他,朗讀對(duì)于學(xué)好一門語(yǔ)言至關(guān)重要。就連中考口試,也專門設(shè)置了一道朗讀關(guān),要求同學(xué)們能比較流利地朗讀或模仿一篇學(xué)過(guò)的課文或者難度略低于所學(xué)語(yǔ)言材料的內(nèi)容。
有些同學(xué)就納悶了,明明我每個(gè)單詞都讀得很標(biāo)準(zhǔn),怎么讀起文章來(lái)就各種不順暢,聽起來(lái)很別扭。那是因?yàn)槟銢](méi)有掌握朗讀的竅門。朗讀并非簡(jiǎn)單讀準(zhǔn)單詞就可以了,它需要你劃分好意群,讀準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)調(diào)、重音和連讀等。
意群是句子根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯關(guān)系劃分而成的基本單位。簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō),就是朗讀時(shí)的停頓點(diǎn)。掌握了意群才可以朗讀順暢,可以換氣、停頓、抑揚(yáng)和頓挫。找準(zhǔn)了意群,朗讀才有節(jié)奏感。
根據(jù)句子的內(nèi)容,可以將較長(zhǎng)的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等劃分為一個(gè)意群。對(duì)于從句,引導(dǎo)詞前面的為一個(gè)意群,后邊的為另一個(gè)意群。同學(xué)們?cè)诳谠嚨臏?zhǔn)備時(shí)間里,可以先給文段劃分意群,朗讀時(shí)以意群為單位進(jìn)行停頓。如:
Last Saturday afternoon,/ I was visiting my friend.// She knocked a flower pot/ from her window/ by accident.// It broke on the ground below/ and narrowly[勉強(qiáng)地]missed some children.// No one was hurt,/ so/ we said nothing/ and went to the cinema.// After we returned,/ we learnt/ that the police had been to the flats/ and questioned[詢問(wèn)]everyone/ about the pot.// My friend/ was too afraid/ to talk to the police.// Now I feel guilty[內(nèi)疚]/ and don’t know/ what to do.//
語(yǔ)調(diào),即說(shuō)話的腔調(diào),就是一句話里聲調(diào)的抑揚(yáng)和輕重的變化。語(yǔ)調(diào)不同,表達(dá)的意思也各異。例如“Thank you.”如果讀成降調(diào)就表示感謝;如果讀成升調(diào),則毫無(wú)感謝之意,有時(shí)甚至還表示反感。
升調(diào)( )和降調(diào)( )是英語(yǔ)最基本的語(yǔ)調(diào)。只要做到升降有序,就能基本表達(dá)語(yǔ)調(diào)里蘊(yùn)含的意思。把握語(yǔ)調(diào)要從平日的練習(xí)里積累,但考試時(shí)要有這個(gè)意識(shí)。請(qǐng)感受以下句子的語(yǔ)調(diào):
我們?cè)诶首x英語(yǔ)時(shí),并不是句子中的每個(gè)詞都要讀得一樣清晰響亮。有些詞讀得又輕又快,較為含糊;有些詞則讀得又重又慢,較為清晰。那些讀得響亮又清晰的詞就是句子的重音所在。讀準(zhǔn)句子的重音,可以使句子富有節(jié)奏感和韻律感,也能突出重點(diǎn),使聽者更容易理解。
一般來(lái)說(shuō),在句子中需重讀的詞都是實(shí)詞,比如名詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞等。例如:
1) The ′streets are ′wide and ′clean.
2) I’m ′so ′glad to ′see you ′again.
3) The ′man at the ′desk is our ′teacher.
P60 Solution to the Puzzle:
如果你留心聽英美國(guó)家本土的人說(shuō)話,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),你很難從聽到的一連串聲音里面挑出某個(gè)詞。因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谡f(shuō)話的時(shí)候,詞匯常常是連貫在一起的。他們?cè)谡f(shuō)話時(shí)會(huì)將兩個(gè)單詞連在一起讀,聽起來(lái)就好像一個(gè)單詞一樣,這就是連讀。連讀的音節(jié)一般不重讀,只需順其自然地一帶而過(guò)。連讀一般有以下四種情況:
1.“輔音+元音”型連讀
如果相鄰兩詞中的前一個(gè)詞以輔音結(jié)尾,后一個(gè)詞以元音開頭,就要將輔音與元音連讀。例如:
1) I’m~an~English boy.
2) Let me have~a look~at~it.
3) Put~it~on, please.
注意:當(dāng)短語(yǔ)或從句之間按意群進(jìn)行停頓時(shí),意群與意群之間即使有兩個(gè)相鄰的輔音與元音出現(xiàn),也不可連讀。
1) Is~it a~hat or a cat?(hat與or之間不可連讀)
2) There~is~a good book in my desk. (book與in之間不可連讀)
3) Can you speak~English or French? (English與or之間不可連讀)
2.“輔音+半元音”型連讀
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音中的/j/和/w/是半元音,如果前一個(gè)詞以輔音結(jié)尾,后一個(gè)詞以半元音,特別是/j/開頭,此時(shí)也要連讀。例如:
1) Thank~you.
2) Nice to meet~you.
3) Could~you help me, please?
3.“元音+元音”型連讀
如果前一個(gè)詞以元音結(jié)尾,后一個(gè)詞以元音開頭,那么這兩個(gè)音往往也要自然不間斷地連讀到一起。
1) He~is very friendly to me.
2) She wants to study~English.
3) The question is too~easy for him to answer.
4.“r/re+元音”型連讀
如果前一個(gè)詞以字母r或者re結(jié)尾,后一個(gè)詞以元音開頭,那么這時(shí)的r或re不但要發(fā)/r/,還要與后面的元音拼起來(lái)連讀。
1) They’re my father~and mother.
2) I looked for~it here~and there.
但是,如果單詞的最后一個(gè)音節(jié)前后都有字母r,即使后面的詞以元音開頭,也不能連讀。例如:
The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.(nearer與and不可連讀)
注意:雖然連讀必不可少,但也不可以過(guò)多追求連讀,過(guò)猶不及。
學(xué)了這么多的朗讀技巧,是時(shí)候動(dòng)動(dòng)嘴了。在朗讀前,要先用筆標(biāo)記好意群、語(yǔ)調(diào)、重音和連讀哦。
When people say “culture”, we think of art and history. But one very famous symbol in American culture is a cartoon. We all know and love the black mouse with two large round ears—Mickey Mouse. Over 80 years ago, he first appeared in the cartoon Steamboat Willie. When this cartoon came out in New York on November 18th, 1928,it was the first cartoon with sound and music. The man behind Mickey was Walt Disney. He became very rich and successful. In the 1930s, he made 87 cartoons with Mickey.
On November 18th,1978, Mickey became the first cartoon character to have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Today’s cartoons are usually not so simple as little Mickey Mouse, but everyone still knows and loves him. Who has a pair of ears more famous than Mickey’s?