張繼宗,胡 亮,韓建波,易永祥
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·論著·
血清天冬氨酸-天冬酰胺β羥化酶表達(dá)與肝細(xì)胞癌術(shù)后患者預(yù)后的關(guān)系研究
張繼宗,胡 亮,韓建波,易永祥
目的 探討血清天冬氨酸-天冬酰胺β羥化酶(ASPH)表達(dá)與肝細(xì)胞癌(HCC)術(shù)后患者復(fù)發(fā)或死亡的關(guān)系。方法 選取2010年6月—2011年1月于東南大學(xué)附屬南京市第二醫(yī)院肝膽外科收治的HCC患者96例為研究對(duì)象,記錄患者病理分級(jí)、腫瘤直徑、肝纖維化病理分期、TNM分期,以及有無(wú)門(mén)靜脈癌栓、微血管浸潤(rùn),檢測(cè)入院時(shí)清蛋白、總膽紅素水平。檢測(cè)術(shù)前甲胎蛋白(AFP)、高爾基體蛋白73(GP73),以及術(shù)前及術(shù)后1周、1個(gè)月、2個(gè)月ASPH水平。以手術(shù)時(shí)間為觀察起點(diǎn)隨訪5年,以腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)或死亡為觀察終點(diǎn)事件。分別采用Log-rank檢驗(yàn)、多因素Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸模型分析HCC術(shù)后患者預(yù)后的影響因素。結(jié)果 HCC患者術(shù)前及術(shù)后1周、1個(gè)月、2個(gè)月ASPH水平分別為(128.3±19.3)、(91.2±16.2)、(33.7±9.4)、(22.4±5.7)ng/L,術(shù)后2個(gè)月患者ASPH水平均在參考范圍內(nèi)。單因素分析顯示,不同腫瘤直徑、TNM分期,有無(wú)門(mén)靜脈癌栓、微血管浸潤(rùn),以及不同術(shù)前ASPH表達(dá)的HCC術(shù)后患者復(fù)發(fā)或死亡率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。多因素Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸模型分析顯示,TNM分期〔HR=1.378,95%CI(1.124,1.842)〕、門(mén)靜脈癌栓〔HR=1.260,95%CI(1.012,1.356)〕、微血管浸潤(rùn)〔HR=1.583,95%CI(1.144,2.652)〕、術(shù)前ASPH表達(dá)〔HR=1.475,95%CI(1.875,2.011)〕是HCC術(shù)后患者復(fù)發(fā)或死亡的影響因素(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 術(shù)前ASPH表達(dá)是HCC術(shù)后患者復(fù)發(fā)或死亡的獨(dú)立影響因素,可作為判斷HCC術(shù)后患者預(yù)后的潛在指標(biāo)。
癌,肝細(xì)胞;天冬氨酸-天冬酰胺β羥化酶;腫瘤復(fù)發(fā);預(yù)后
張繼宗,胡亮,韓建波,等.血清天冬氨酸-天冬酰胺β羥化酶表達(dá)與肝細(xì)胞癌術(shù)后患者預(yù)后的關(guān)系研究[J].中國(guó)全科醫(yī)學(xué),2016,19(35):4350-4353.[www.chinagp.net]
ZHANG J Z, HU L, HAN J B,et al.Correlation between serum aspartate beta-hydroxylase and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after surgery[J].Chinese General Practice,2016,19(35):4350-4353.
目前,甲胎蛋白(AFP)廣泛應(yīng)用于臨床肝細(xì)胞癌(HCC)的診斷,但30%~40%的HCC患者AFP水平處于參考范圍內(nèi),AFP診斷HCC的靈敏度有待進(jìn)一步提高[1-2]。既往研究發(fā)現(xiàn),天冬氨酸-天冬酰胺β羥化酶(ASPH)可作為新的腫瘤標(biāo)志物,其聯(lián)合AFP對(duì)HCC進(jìn)行篩查及診斷具有一定的價(jià)值[3],但ASPH在預(yù)測(cè)HCC術(shù)后患者預(yù)后的價(jià)值尚不明確。本研究檢測(cè)HCC術(shù)后患者ASPH水平,并通過(guò)5年的隨訪,分析ASPH表達(dá)預(yù)測(cè)HCC術(shù)后患者預(yù)后的價(jià)值,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1.1 研究對(duì)象 選取2010年6月—2011年1月于東南大學(xué)附屬南京市第二醫(yī)院肝膽外科收治的HCC患者96例為研究對(duì)象,其中男64例,女32例;年齡31~72歲,平均年齡(53.4±7.2)歲;Child-Pugh分級(jí)A級(jí)78例,B級(jí)18例;均伴有乙型肝炎病毒感染史及肝硬化。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)符合HCC診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4],且為初次診斷,既往未行任何治療;(2)完整切除腫瘤,術(shù)后切緣陰性?;颊呔炇鹬橥鈺?shū),本研究經(jīng)本院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 臨床資料收集 記錄性別、年齡、病理分級(jí)、腫瘤直徑、肝纖維化病理分期、TNM分期,以及有無(wú)門(mén)靜脈癌栓、微血管浸潤(rùn),檢測(cè)入院時(shí)清蛋白、總膽紅素水平。肝纖維化病理分期依據(jù)1995年中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)肝病分會(huì)肝纖維化分期標(biāo)準(zhǔn),根據(jù)纖維沉積部位、范圍及對(duì)肝結(jié)構(gòu)破壞程度、微循環(huán)影響的大小進(jìn)行肝纖維化炎癥活動(dòng)度(G)和纖維化程度(S)分級(jí),G1~2,S0~2為輕度;G3,S1~3為中度;G4,S2~4為重度[4]。
1.2.2 AFP、高爾基體蛋白73(GP73)及ASPH水平檢測(cè) 檢測(cè)術(shù)前AFP、GP73水平,檢測(cè)術(shù)前及術(shù)后1周、1個(gè)月、2個(gè)月ASPH水平。分別于術(shù)前及術(shù)后1周、1個(gè)月、2個(gè)月抽取空腹外周靜脈血5 ml,用促凝管將分離的血清存儲(chǔ)于4 ℃冰箱。AFP水平檢測(cè)采用i2000發(fā)光分析儀及配套試劑,GP73及ASPH水平檢測(cè)采用定量酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)法,試劑盒由上海信然實(shí)業(yè)有限公司提供,檢測(cè)方法按照說(shuō)明書(shū)操作進(jìn)行。ASPH水平>32.4 ng/L為表達(dá)陽(yáng)性。
1.2.3 隨訪 以手術(shù)時(shí)間為觀察起點(diǎn)隨訪5年,術(shù)后半年內(nèi)每個(gè)月復(fù)查肝功能、血常規(guī)、腹部超聲或CT平掃加增強(qiáng),半年后每4個(gè)月復(fù)查一次,復(fù)查時(shí)間間隔不超過(guò)6個(gè)月,以腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)或死亡為觀察終點(diǎn)事件。
2.1 ASPH水平變化 HCC患者術(shù)前及術(shù)后1周、1個(gè)月、2個(gè)月ASPH水平分別為(128.3±19.3)、(91.2±16.2)、(33.7±9.4)、(22.4±5.7)ng/L,術(shù)后2個(gè)月患者ASPH水平均在參考范圍內(nèi)。
2.2 單因素分析 不同性別、年齡、病理分級(jí)、肝纖維化病理分期、入院時(shí)清蛋白、總膽紅素、術(shù)前AFP、GP73水平的HCC術(shù)后患者復(fù)發(fā)或死亡率比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。不同腫瘤直徑、TNM分期,有無(wú)門(mén)靜脈癌栓、微血管浸潤(rùn),以及不同術(shù)前ASPH表達(dá)的HCC術(shù)后患者復(fù)發(fā)或死亡率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見(jiàn)表1)。
2.3 多因素Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸模型分析 以HCC術(shù)后患者臨床特征為自變量,以是否出現(xiàn)復(fù)發(fā)或死亡為因變量行多因素Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸模型分析,變量賦值見(jiàn)表2。結(jié)果顯示,TNM分期、門(mén)靜脈癌栓、微血管浸潤(rùn)、術(shù)前ASPH表達(dá)是HCC術(shù)后患者復(fù)發(fā)或死亡的影響因素(P<0.05,見(jiàn)表3)。
表1 不同臨床特征的HCC術(shù)后患者預(yù)后比較〔n(%)〕
Table 1 Comparison of prognosis among HCC patients after surgery with different clinical features
臨床特征例數(shù)無(wú)復(fù)發(fā)復(fù)發(fā)或死亡χ2值P值性別<0.001>0.05 男649(14.1)55(85.9) 女326(18.8)26(81.2)年齡(歲)0.0670.795 <50579(15.8)48(84.2) ≥50396(15.4)33(84.6)病理分級(jí)0.8310.362 中低分化6410(15.6)54(84.4) 高分化325(15.6)27(84.4)腫瘤直徑(cm)35.535<0.001 <2258(32.0)17(68.0) 2~5476(12.8)41(87.2) >5241(4.2)23(95.8)肝纖維化病理分期0.9640.617 輕度122(16.7)10(83.3) 中度559(16.4)46(83.6) 重度294(13.8)25(86.2)TNM分期(期)23.650<0.001 Ⅰa+Ⅰb259(36.0)16(64.0) Ⅱa184(22.2)14(77.8) Ⅱb221(4.5)21(95.5) Ⅲ311(3.2)30(96.8)門(mén)靜脈癌栓23.982<0.001 無(wú)6515(23.1)50(76.9) 有314(12.9)27(87.1)微血管浸潤(rùn)9.4970.002 無(wú)5511(20.0)44(80.0) 有414(9.8)37(90.2)入院時(shí)清蛋白(g/L)2.7820.095 <35254(16.0)21(84.0) ≥357111(15.5)60(84.5)入院時(shí)總膽紅素(μmol/L)0.1180.731 <19.0696(8.7)63(91.3) ≥19.0279(33.3)18(66.7)術(shù)前AFP(μg/L)0.7540.385 <8.78245(20.8)19(79.2) ≥8.787210(13.9)62(86.1)術(shù)前GP73(μg/L)0.0130.909 <150144(28.6)10(71.4) ≥1508211(13.4)71(86.6)術(shù)前ASPH23.669<0.001 陰性2113(61.9)8(38.1) 陽(yáng)性752(2.7)73(97.3)
注:AFP=甲胎蛋白,GP73=高爾基體蛋白73,ASPH=天冬氨酸-天冬酰胺β羥化酶
表2 HCC術(shù)后患者復(fù)發(fā)或死亡影響因素的多因素Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸模型分析變量賦值表
Table 2 Variable assignment of multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis on influencing factors for the recurrence or death of HCC patients after surgery
變量賦值性別男=1,女=2年齡(歲)<50=1,≥50=2病理分級(jí)中低分化=1,高分化=2腫瘤直徑(cm)<2=1,2~5=2,>5=3肝纖維化病理分期輕度=1,中度=2,重度=3TNM分期(期)Ⅰa+Ⅰb=1,Ⅱa=2,Ⅱb=3,Ⅲ=4門(mén)靜脈癌栓無(wú)=0,有=1微血管浸潤(rùn)無(wú)=0,有=1入院時(shí)清蛋白(g/L)<35=1,≥35=2入院時(shí)總膽紅素(μmol/L)<19.0=1,≥19.0=2術(shù)前AFP(μg/L)<8.78=1,≥8.78=2術(shù)前GP73(μg/L)<150=1,≥150=2術(shù)前ASPH陰性=1,陽(yáng)性=2復(fù)發(fā)或死亡否=0,是=1
表3 HCC術(shù)后患者復(fù)發(fā)或死亡影響因素的多因素Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸模型分析
Table 3 Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis on influencing factors for the recurrence or death of HCC patients after surgery
變量βSEWaldχ2值P值HR(95%CI)性別0.0180.0131.8630.1721.018(0.992,1.045)年齡0.0340.2450.0190.8911.034(0.640,1.673)病理分級(jí)-0.6860.6171.2360.2660.504(0.150,1.687)腫瘤直徑-1.3980.7353.4210.0640.247(0.056,1.087)肝纖維化病理分期0.5230.6980.5620.4541.688(0.429,6.632)TNM分期0.3210.1834.8720.0181.378(1.124,1.842)門(mén)靜脈癌栓0.2310.0787.2170.0071.260(1.012,1.356)微血管浸潤(rùn)0.4590.2633.0380.0411.583(1.144,2.652)入院時(shí)清蛋白-0.3600.2781.6660.1970.698(0.404,1.205)入院時(shí)總膽紅素-0.0170.0180.9260.3360.983(0.949,1.018)術(shù)前AFP0.2010.3266.2890.1221.223(0.035,1.862)術(shù)前GP730.6870.4632.2600.1331.987(0.809,4.976)術(shù)前ASPH0.3890.1695.1290.0241.475(1.875,2.011)
ASPH是哺乳動(dòng)物胚胎期即存在于細(xì)胞內(nèi)的一種依賴(lài)α-酮戊二酸的脫氧酶,其主要生物學(xué)功能是在翻譯后的蛋白修飾過(guò)程中催化某些蛋白中表皮生長(zhǎng)因子樣結(jié)構(gòu)域天冬酰胺殘基β碳原子的羥基化反應(yīng)。ASPH及其主要的剪切異構(gòu)體humbug作為惡性腫瘤相關(guān)抗原,不僅在膽管癌及HCC中高表達(dá),而且在肺癌、胰腺癌、胃癌等腫瘤細(xì)胞中也有高表達(dá)[4-8]。因此,有研究提出ASPH可作為肝癌及其他癌癥發(fā)生的標(biāo)志物和治療靶點(diǎn),是一種潛在的廣譜性腫瘤標(biāo)志物[7-10]。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于ASPH在HCC方面的基礎(chǔ)及臨床研究報(bào)道尚少。既往研究發(fā)現(xiàn),聯(lián)合檢測(cè)ASPH及GP73診斷HCC的靈敏度為88.0%,特異度為97.0%,正確率為94.0%,均高于AFP,極大提高了HCC的診斷正確率,避免了誤診、漏診[3]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),HCC患者ASPH表達(dá)陽(yáng)性率為78.1%(75/96),與既往報(bào)道[11]一致。
有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),ASPH表達(dá)陽(yáng)性HCC患者腫瘤細(xì)胞更具有侵襲性[8],腫瘤組織越大,釋放到外周血中ASPH越多,則有助于早期診斷HCC。雖然部分患者未出現(xiàn)門(mén)靜脈癌栓,但可能已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)微血管浸潤(rùn),其高表達(dá)的ASPH更易被釋放至外周循環(huán)中。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),HCC患者術(shù)前及術(shù)后1周、1個(gè)月、2個(gè)月ASPH水平逐漸下降,術(shù)后2個(gè)月時(shí)ASPH水平均在參考范圍內(nèi);多因素Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸模型分析顯示,術(shù)前ASPH表達(dá)是HCC術(shù)后患者復(fù)發(fā)或死亡的獨(dú)立影響因素。筆者認(rèn)為,HCC細(xì)胞分泌ASPH后,其在外周血中水平增高的同時(shí),在HCC微環(huán)境中也參與腫瘤細(xì)胞增生,而且增強(qiáng)了腫瘤細(xì)胞的侵襲性及轉(zhuǎn)移性,引發(fā)惡性循環(huán)[9-11]。該結(jié)論對(duì)早期監(jiān)測(cè)HCC復(fù)發(fā)及轉(zhuǎn)移有重要的臨床意義,術(shù)后隨訪可聯(lián)合檢測(cè)患者外周血中ASPH、AFP以及GP73表達(dá),判斷患者預(yù)后情況,達(dá)到早期預(yù)警目的。
綜上所述,術(shù)前ASPH表達(dá)是HCC術(shù)后患者復(fù)發(fā)或死亡的獨(dú)立影響因素,可作為判斷HCC術(shù)后患者預(yù)后的潛在指標(biāo)。由于ASPH與各種腫瘤關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)及臨床研究較少,故ASPH對(duì)HCC發(fā)生、發(fā)展的具體作用機(jī)制尚需進(jìn)一步探討。
作者貢獻(xiàn):張繼宗負(fù)責(zé)課題設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)施、評(píng)估、資料收集整理、成文并對(duì)文章負(fù)責(zé);胡亮、韓建波負(fù)責(zé)資料收集整理;易永祥負(fù)責(zé)課題設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)施、質(zhì)量控制及審校。
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(本文編輯:吳立波)
Correlation between Serum Aspartate Beta-hydroxylase and Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Surgery
ZHANGJi-zong,HULiang,HANJian-bo,YIYong-xiang.
DepartmentofHepatobiliarySurgery,NanjingSecondHospitalAffiliatedtoSoutheastUniversity,Nanjing210003,China
Correspondingauthor:YIYong-xiang,DepartmentofHepatobiliarySurgery,NanjingSecondHospitalAffiliatedtoSoutheastUniversity,Nanjing210003,China;E-mail:supercell@163.com
Objective To investigate the correlation between serum aspartate beta-hydroxylase(ASPH) and recurrence or death of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgery.Methods 96 HCC patients after surgery who were treated in Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery in Nanjing Second Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University from June 2010 to January 2011,were selected as study subjects.The pathological grading,tumor diameter,pathological stage of liver fibrosis,TNM staging,presence of portal vein tumor thrombus and microvascular invasion of patients were recorded,levels of albumin and total bilirubin after admission were detected.Levels of AFP,GP73 and ASPH were detected before surgery,level of ASPH was detected 1 week,1 month and 2 months after surgery respectively.The patients were followed up for 5 years since surgery,and endpoints were recurrence or death.Log-rank test and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of the prognosis of HCC patients after surgery.Results ASPH express level of HCC patients before surgery,1 week,1 month and 2 months after surgery was(128.3±19.3) ng/L,(91.2±16.2) ng/L,(33.7±9.4) ng/L,and (22.4±5.7)ng/L respectively,ASPH level of HCC patients 2 months after surgery was within the reference range.According to univariate analysis results,there were significant differences in incidence of recurrence or death among HCC patients after surgery with different tumor diameter,TNM staging,ASPH express level before surgery,between patients with portal vein tumor thrombus or not,between patients with microvascular invasion or not(P<0.05).According to results of multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model,TNM staging 〔HR=1.378,95%CI(1.124,1.842)〕,portal vein tumor thrombus〔HR=1.260,95%CI(1.012,1.356)〕,microvascular invasion 〔HR=1.583,95%CI(1.144,2.652)〕,and ASPH express level 〔HR=1.475,95%CI(1.875,2.011)〕 were the influencing factors of recurrence or death of HCC patients after surgery(P<0.05).Conclusion ASPH express is an independent factor influencing recurrence or death of HCC patients after surgery,which can be used as a potential indicator for judging the prognosis of postoperative patients with HCC.
Carcinoma,hepatocellular; Aspartate beta-hydroxylase; Neoplasm recurrence; Prognosis
江蘇省第四期“333工程”項(xiàng)目(20140522);“十二五”南京市醫(yī)學(xué)科技發(fā)展重大項(xiàng)目(20130231)
210003江蘇省南京市,東南大學(xué)附屬南京市第二醫(yī)院肝膽外科
易永祥,210003江蘇省南京市,東南大學(xué)附屬南京市第二醫(yī)院肝膽外科;E-mail:supercell@163.com
R 730.261
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2016.35.y04
2016-03-10;
2016-08-31)