李月

【摘要】高考英語(yǔ)試題容量大，覆蓋面廣。在復(fù)習(xí)迎考中要善于把握各知識(shí)點(diǎn)間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，做到融會(huì)貫通，舉一反三。其中，詞匯和句型是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)。因此，詞匯和句型在復(fù)習(xí)中就尤為重要。

【關(guān)鍵詞】英語(yǔ) 詞匯 句型 復(fù)習(xí)

一、詞匯

高考考查的詞匯都是課本中的常見(jiàn)詞，掌握這些詞的難點(diǎn)不是識(shí)記其拼寫，而是領(lǐng)會(huì)其確切含義，把握其固定搭配，弄通一詞多性及一詞多義。為達(dá)到上述目的，在復(fù)習(xí)中可采用下列方法：

1.利用一些典型例句，典型詞匯，對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析、歸納，從而達(dá)到培養(yǎng)逆向思維，提高應(yīng)試能力。如：

1）He looked（A.calm；B，calmly）。

案是A.looked是系動(dòng)詞。

2）He looked（A.calm；B.calmly）at me.答案是B.looked是行為動(dòng)詞。

3）He looked friendly（A.at；B.to）me as if we were close friends.答案是B。主句為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，fri endly是形容詞。

4）He looked（A.at；B.to）me in a friendly way as if we were closefriends.答案是A。in a friend ly way當(dāng)方式狀語(yǔ)。

再如：He got married at the age of 25.

He was healthy for his age.

He lived a happy life in his old age.

He grew impatient with age.

A leader cant be judged by his age.

復(fù)習(xí)age一詞，聯(lián)系了at，for，in，with，by等介詞的有關(guān)用法，達(dá)到了培養(yǎng)分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力。

2.編成順口溜，讀起來(lái)朗朗上口，久而不忘。如：對(duì)于哪些動(dòng)詞后面的從句要用含蓄的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，只要 記住：一堅(jiān)持，二命令，三建議，四要求。insist，order，command，advise，suggest，propose，request，requir e，demand，ask.就可掌握了十個(gè)詞。再補(bǔ)上：be determined that，urge that，its decidedthat，hold the v iew that.中學(xué)階段的此類動(dòng)詞就基本掌握了。

e.g.（1）I suggest that we（should） hold a meeting tonight.

（2）He ordered that all（should）take part in the work.

（3）They insisted that we（should）begin the work at once.（SB Ⅱ，P.114）

對(duì)許多枯燥的識(shí)記材料，我們要善于從中找出內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系，利用找同義詞，反義詞，借助構(gòu)詞法或編成有 意義的句子或順口溜，可大大降低識(shí)記的難度。

二、句型

句型復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)要放在把握各句型間的異同點(diǎn)，主要有不同時(shí)態(tài)的相互聯(lián)系與區(qū)別，從句間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化及 區(qū)別，以及簡(jiǎn)單句，復(fù)合句，并列句的區(qū)別與轉(zhuǎn)化等。句型復(fù)習(xí)同樣可以從典型例句入手，達(dá)到舉一反三的效 果。例如：

1. He didnt tell me how he was getting on with his English.

I dont know that he is getting on well with his English.

I dont know what he is getting on well with.

I dont know whether he is getting on well with his friend.

2. Because his mother was ill，he had to stay at home.（原因狀語(yǔ)從句） Because of his mothers illness，he had to stay at home.（介詞短語(yǔ)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)） With his mother ill，he had to stay at home. （介詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)） His mother being ill，he had to stay at home.（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)）

3. He has three children；two of them are daughters.（并列

句） He has three children，two of whom are daughters.（定語(yǔ)從句） He has three children，two of them daughters.（同位句）

4.When the meeting will take place is still unknown.（主語(yǔ)從句）I dont know the meeting will take place.（賓語(yǔ)從句）

The question is when well hold the meeting.（表語(yǔ)從句）

When the meeting takes place，Ill let you know.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)將來(lái)時(shí)）

總之，到了總復(fù)習(xí)階段，對(duì)知識(shí)的掌握再也不能停留在一詞組，一句型上，而要善于利用知識(shí)間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系進(jìn)行縱橫類比，從詞性轉(zhuǎn)化，詞義改變，連詞選擇，標(biāo)點(diǎn)使用等方面去全方位把握知識(shí)間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系與區(qū)別 ，只有這樣才能達(dá)到融會(huì)貫通，舉一反三，事半功倍的效果。

參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1]范誼.英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法指津[M].上海：上海出版社，2002.

[2]鮑繼平.大學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)新論[D].南京：東南大學(xué)，2004.