李 冰 司勇鋒 覃揚(yáng)達(dá) 張 政
應(yīng)用FQ-PCR技術(shù)測(cè)定鼻咽癌患者血漿EB病毒DNA定量分析及其臨床意義
李 冰 司勇鋒 覃揚(yáng)達(dá) 張 政
目的 應(yīng)用FQ-PCR技術(shù)測(cè)定鼻咽癌患者血漿中游離EB病毒DNA拷貝,探討血漿EB病毒DNA定量測(cè)定的臨床意義。方法 選取132例鼻咽癌患者,取其外周血樣本,其中84例治療前血樣,48例治療后血樣(放療或加化療)。另收集60例健康血樣作為正常對(duì)照。使用廣州中山醫(yī)科大學(xué)達(dá)安基因診斷中心提供(Cat.#DA-061)的EB病毒DNA-PCR試劑盒,測(cè)定鼻咽癌患者血漿中游離EB病毒DNA拷貝,陰性對(duì)照為空白PCR反應(yīng)液,陽(yáng)性對(duì)照為106、104、102拷貝/ul的陽(yáng)性模板。結(jié)果 鼻咽癌組治療前84例樣本,陽(yáng)性率為67.86%,鼻咽癌組治療后48例樣本陽(yáng)性率為35.42%,正常對(duì)照者30例樣本陽(yáng)性率僅為8.33%,鼻咽癌組治療前血漿游離EB病毒DNA的陽(yáng)性率顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異顯著(χ2=11.497,P=0.001);鼻咽癌組治療后與對(duì)照組血漿游離EB病毒DNA的陽(yáng)性率比較,差異較顯著(χ2=6.782,P=0.018);鼻咽癌組治療前血漿中游離EB病毒-DNA陽(yáng)性率約是治療后的2倍,差異顯著(χ2=6.271,P=0.023)。鼻咽癌組治療前血漿游離EB病毒DNA拷貝中位數(shù)為522.0 copies/ml,治療后中位數(shù)為0.0,對(duì)照組中位數(shù)為0.0,鼻咽癌組治療前的血漿游離EB病毒DNA拷貝數(shù)顯著高于治療后,兩者差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(U=350.0,P=0.029),而且與正常對(duì)照組拷貝數(shù)比較,差異亦顯著(U=274.0,P=0.001)。Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者的血漿游離EB病毒DNA水平顯著低于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者(U=141.0,P=0.039)。N0+N1期患者的血漿EB病毒DNA水平顯著低于N2+N3期患者(U=147.0,P=0.031)。結(jié)論 FQ-PCR技術(shù)具有快速、精確和高靈敏性的特點(diǎn),比其它傳統(tǒng)檢測(cè)手段更實(shí)用。血漿EB病毒DNA的定量PCR分析對(duì)鼻咽癌的篩選檢查具有應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
FQ-PCR技術(shù);鼻咽癌;EB病毒;DNA定量分析
(ThePracticalJournalofCancer,2017,32:200~203)
自1970年Henle、Zur Hausen等人在鼻咽癌患者血液及腫瘤組織中檢測(cè)到Epstein-Barr(EB)病毒,從此人們開(kāi)始關(guān)注EB病毒感染與鼻咽癌發(fā)生之間的關(guān)系[1]。EB病毒相關(guān)抗原的抗體大量存在于鼻咽癌患者血液中,以病毒殼抗原-抗體(VCA-IgA)為主,是我國(guó)常用篩選檢查鼻咽癌的方法之一[2],但其只能指示發(fā)生鼻咽癌的危險(xiǎn)性,不能監(jiān)測(cè)到鼻咽癌的進(jìn)展[3]。Lo等人率先在97%的鼻咽癌患者血漿中,應(yīng)用熒光定量FQ-PCR技術(shù)測(cè)得不同水平的EB病毒DNA拷貝[4]。熒光定量FQ-PCR技術(shù)具有快速、精確和高靈敏性的特點(diǎn),所以本研究應(yīng)用FQ-PCR技術(shù)測(cè)定鼻咽癌患者血漿中游離EB病毒DNA拷貝,探討血漿EB病毒DNA定量測(cè)定的臨床意義。
1.1 一般資料
選取2014年1月至2015年12月在我院確診并診治的132例鼻咽癌患者,其中治療前血樣84例,治療后(放療或加化療)血樣48例。另收集60例健康血樣作為正常對(duì)照。鼻咽癌132例中,男性95例,女性37例,年齡18~70歲,中位年齡49.0歲。按2002年美國(guó)AJCC鼻咽癌TNM分期,Ⅰ期15例、Ⅱ期56例、Ⅲ期25例、Ⅳ期36例。60例健康血樣中,男性44例,女性16例,年齡30~55歲,平均41歲;鼻咽癌患者淋巴結(jié)臨床分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn):N0,影像學(xué)及體檢無(wú)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移證據(jù);N1,單側(cè)及鎖骨上窩淋巴結(jié)最大直徑<6 cm;N2,雙側(cè)Ⅰb、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴa區(qū)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,或直徑>3 cm,或淋巴結(jié)包膜外侵犯;N3,Ⅳ、Ⅴb區(qū)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移。
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
定量PCR技術(shù)測(cè)定血漿EB病毒DNA拷貝:取外周血漿2 ml,在室溫下溶解,取其在4 ℃的溫度下以每分鐘12 000轉(zhuǎn)離心10 min后的沉淀物,然后加含0.5%SDS、100 μg/ml蛋白酶K的DNA提取液,煮沸10 min、隨后冰浴10 min,最后取其在4 ℃的溫度下以每分鐘10 000轉(zhuǎn)離心5 min后的上清液2 μl,行PCR定量擴(kuò)增(美國(guó)PE公司Sequence Detector 7700)[5]。擴(kuò)增程序?yàn)?3 ℃ 2 min預(yù)變性;93 ℃ 45 s→55 ℃ 2 min,40個(gè)循環(huán);33 ℃ 3 min延伸[6]。由廣州中山醫(yī)科大學(xué)達(dá)安基因診斷中心提供(Cat.#DA-061)的EB病毒DNA-PCR試劑盒:含DNA提取液、PCR反應(yīng)管、定量陽(yáng)模和稀釋液[7]。引物序列為5’-TCTCTGCCTCCAGGCAAG-3’和5’-AGAGGGCCTGTCCACCGT-3’,雙標(biāo)記熒光探針的序列為5’-(FAM)CTGTCTGTAAAGTCCAGCCTCC-(ATMRA)-3’[8]。陰性對(duì)照為空白PCR反應(yīng)液,陽(yáng)性對(duì)照為106、104、102拷貝/μl的陽(yáng)性模板。熒光檢測(cè)波長(zhǎng)為518 nm[9]。
陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞:在胞膜周?chē)^深,呈棕色的細(xì)胞,按陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞的數(shù)量和著色的強(qiáng)度確定級(jí)別。陰性細(xì)胞:細(xì)胞呈淺棕色的背景顏色或不著色[10]。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析軟件SPSS 20.0對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理。采用χ2檢驗(yàn)兩組間陽(yáng)性率的比較,采用Mann-Whiney U非參數(shù)秩和檢驗(yàn)兩組間血漿EB病毒DNA拷貝數(shù)。P<0.05表示兩者差異顯著,具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 血漿游離EB病毒DNA陽(yáng)性率
經(jīng)FQ-PCR測(cè)定鼻咽癌組治療前84例樣本,陽(yáng)性率為67.86%;鼻咽癌組治療后48例樣本陽(yáng)性率為35.42%;正常對(duì)照者30例樣本陽(yáng)性率僅為8.33%??梢?jiàn),對(duì)照組血漿游離EB病毒DNA的陽(yáng)性率明顯比鼻咽癌組治療前低,差異顯著(χ2=11.497,P=0.001);鼻咽癌組治療后與對(duì)照組血漿游離EB病毒DNA的陽(yáng)性率比較,差異較顯著(χ2=6.782,P=0.018);另外,鼻咽癌組治療前血漿中游離EB病毒-DNA陽(yáng)性率約是治療后的2倍,差異顯著(χ2=6.271,P=0.023)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 血漿游離EB病毒DNA拷貝數(shù)
鼻咽癌組治療前血漿游離EB病毒DNA拷貝中位數(shù)為522.0 copies/ml,治療后中位數(shù)為0.0,對(duì)照組中位數(shù)為0.0??梢?jiàn),鼻咽癌組治療前的血漿游離EB病毒DNA拷貝數(shù)顯著高于治療后,兩者差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(U=350.0,P=0.029),而且與正常對(duì)照組拷貝數(shù)比較,差異亦顯著(U=274.0,P=0.001)。
表1 各組患者血漿游離EB病毒-DNA陽(yáng)性(例,%)
2.3 治療前組早期與晚期血漿游離EB病毒DNA陽(yáng)性率和拷貝數(shù)
鼻咽癌治療前組,I~I(xiàn)I期患者血漿游離EB病毒DNA陽(yáng)性率為67.39%,與Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者陽(yáng)性率71.05%相近,兩者比較無(wú)顯著差異(χ2=1.352,P=0.793);Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者血漿游離EB病毒DNA拷貝中位數(shù)為400.00 copies/ml,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期中位數(shù)為3130.00 copies/ml,四分位數(shù)差別亦很大,Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者的血漿游離EB病毒DNA水平顯著低于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者的(U=141.0,P=0.039),見(jiàn)表2。
表2 治療前組早期與晚期鼻咽癌患者血漿EB病毒DNA 陽(yáng)性率和拷貝(copies/ml)
2.4 治療前組不同N分級(jí)血漿游離EB病毒DNA陽(yáng)性率和拷貝數(shù)
鼻咽癌治療前組,N0、N1陽(yáng)性檢出率分別為50.00%、69.57%,與N2、N3陽(yáng)性檢出率80.00%、100.00%比較,總體無(wú)顯著差異(χ2=2.326,P=0.611)。N0患者血漿游離EB病毒DNA拷貝數(shù)與N1患者比較無(wú)顯著差異(U=56.0,P=1.032),N2患者血漿游離EB病毒DNA拷貝數(shù)與N3患者比較無(wú)顯著差異(U=69.0,P=0.925);而N0+N1患者的血漿EB病毒DNA水平顯著低于N2+N3患者(U=147.0,P=0.031),見(jiàn)表3。
表3 治療前組不同N分級(jí)的鼻咽癌患者血漿EB病毒 DNA陽(yáng)性率和拷貝(copies/ml)
1998年Mutirangura等率先應(yīng)用PCR檢側(cè)鼻咽癌患者血清EB病毒DNA[11],次年Lo等率先在97%鼻咽癌患者血漿中,應(yīng)用熒光定量FQ-PCR技術(shù)測(cè)得不同水平的EB病毒DNA拷貝[12]。從此,建立并逐漸完善實(shí)時(shí)定量測(cè)定鼻咽癌患者血漿EB病毒DNA的精確系統(tǒng)。FQ-PCR是在常規(guī)PCR基礎(chǔ)上加入熒光素標(biāo)記的探針,因此,它比常規(guī)PCR技術(shù)靈敏性更高,具有快速、精確的特點(diǎn),更適宜應(yīng)用在鼻咽癌的篩選檢查上[13]。
EB病毒是1種皰疹病毒,對(duì)人類(lèi)有致癌潛能[14]。人體內(nèi)B淋巴細(xì)胞和復(fù)層鱗狀上皮細(xì)胞是嚴(yán)格限定的EB病毒感染的靶細(xì)胞。EB病毒對(duì)B淋巴細(xì)胞的感染是非增殖性的,但對(duì)鱗狀上皮細(xì)胞可發(fā)生增殖,嚴(yán)重可致癌。雖然EB病毒DNA廣泛存在于鼻咽癌組織中,但EB病毒DNA從宿主細(xì)胞釋放到血漿中的具體機(jī)制所知不多[15]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,鼻咽癌組治療前84例樣本,陽(yáng)性率為67.86%;鼻咽癌組治療后48例樣本陽(yáng)性率為35.42%,鼻咽癌組治療前血漿中游離EB病毒-DNA陽(yáng)性率約是治療后的2倍。鼻咽癌組治療前血漿游離EB病毒DNA拷貝中位數(shù)為522.0copies/ml,治療后中位數(shù)0.0;鼻咽癌組治療前的血漿游離EB病毒DNA拷貝數(shù)顯著高于治療后,說(shuō)明血漿游離EBV-DNA水平在一定程度上反映了鼻咽癌患者治療前、后的腫瘤負(fù)荷[16]。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,在鼻咽癌組治療前中,Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者的血漿游離EB病毒DNA陽(yáng)性率67.39%,與Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者陽(yáng)性率71.05%相近,Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者的血漿游離EB病毒DNA水平顯著低于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者。可見(jiàn),各階段陽(yáng)性檢出率變化不大,血漿中的EB病毒DNA的陽(yáng)性檢出率不會(huì)隨著病程的進(jìn)展而提高[17]。N0組患者血漿游離EB病毒DNA拷貝數(shù)與N1組比較無(wú)顯著差異,N2組患者血漿游離EB病毒DNA拷貝數(shù)與N3組比較無(wú)顯著差異;說(shuō)明EB病毒感染可能發(fā)生在腫瘤浸潤(rùn)性生長(zhǎng)之前,而不是發(fā)生在鼻咽癌的進(jìn)展期[18]。而N0+N1患者的血漿EB病毒DNA水平顯著低于N2+N3患者??梢?jiàn),隨著腫瘤的進(jìn)展,血漿中的EB病毒DNA拷貝數(shù)會(huì)逐漸升高,說(shuō)明血漿EB病毒DNA水平可能與轉(zhuǎn)移灶的腫瘤負(fù)荷有關(guān)[19]。
綜上所述,F(xiàn)Q-PCR技術(shù)具有快速、精確和高靈敏性的特點(diǎn),比其它傳統(tǒng)檢測(cè)手段更實(shí)用,應(yīng)用FQ-PCR定量分析血漿EB病毒DNA對(duì)鼻咽癌的篩選檢查具有重要意義,值得推廣應(yīng)用。
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(編輯:吳小紅)
EB Virus DNA Quantitative Analysis of Plasma and Its Clinical Significance in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Application FQ-PCR Assay Technique
LIBing,SIYongfeng,QINYangda,etal.
ThePeople’sHospitalofGuangxi,Nanning,530021
Objective To study the FQ-PCR technique in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma plasma free EB virus DNA copies,and clinical significance of plasma EB virus DNA quantitative determination.Methods 132 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were selected,whichever peripheral blood samples,including 84 cases of blood before treatment,after treatment,48 cases of blood(radiotherapy or chemotherapy).Another 60 healthy blood samples were collected as normal controls.Tat gene diagnosis center(Cat.# DA-061) of EB virus DNA-PCR kit plasma of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma of free copies of EB virus DNA negative control was blank PCR reaction solution,a positive control of 106,104,102 copies/ul positive template.Application of statistical analysis software SPSS20.0 experimental data processing.Results The treatment group 84 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma samples,the positive rate was 67.86%,after the treatment of 48 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma sample positive rate was 35.42%,30 cases of normal controls samples positive rate was 8.33%,nasopharyngeal carcinoma before treatment plasma free EB virus DNA positive rate was significantly higher,the difference was significant(χ2=11.497,P=0.001);compared with the control group,plasma free EB virus DNA positive rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after treatment,the 2 group was more significant(χ2=6.782,P=0.018);nasopharyngeal group therapy before bE viral-DNA positive rate of plasma free about 2 times after treatment,the difference was significant(χ2=6.271,P=0.023).Before treatment nasopharyngeal EB virus DNA in plasma free copy of median 522.0copies/ml,median was 0.0 after treatment,the median of the control group was 0.0,the copy number of free EB virus DNA in plasma of nasopharyngeal carcinoma group before treatment significantly higher than after treatment,the difference was statistically significant(μ=350.0,P=0.029),and compared with the control group,the number of copies,the difference was also significant(μ=274.0,P=0.001).Plasma free EB virus DNA level Ⅰ~Ⅱ patientswas significantly lower than the Ⅲ~Ⅳ patients(μ=141.0,P=0.039).N0+N1plasma EB virus DNA levels were significantly lower than patients with N2+N3(μ=147.0,P=0.031).Conclusion FQ-PCR technique is fast,accurate and highly sensitive,it is more practical than other traditional means of detection.Quantitative PCR analysis of EB virus DNA in plasma of nasopharyngeal cancer screening has value.
FQ-PCR technique;Nasopharyngeal carcinoma;EB virus;DNA quantitative analysis
530021 廣西壯族自治區(qū)人民醫(yī)院
10.3969/j.issn.1001-5930.2017.02.008
R739.63
A
1001-5930(2017)02-0200-04
2016-03-22
2016-10-13)