甄秀白221600江蘇省徐州市沛縣中醫(yī)院
原發(fā)性高血壓的護(hù)理方法及心得探析
甄秀白
221600江蘇省徐州市沛縣中醫(yī)院
目的:探討原發(fā)性高血壓的護(hù)理方法及心得。方法:收治原發(fā)性高血壓患者80例,隨機(jī)分為兩組。對(duì)照組給予基礎(chǔ)護(hù)理,觀察組給予人性化護(hù)理,比較兩組環(huán)境評(píng)分、護(hù)理態(tài)度評(píng)分、護(hù)理操作評(píng)分、心理疏導(dǎo)評(píng)分和護(hù)理滿意度、住院期間護(hù)理不良事件發(fā)生率、血壓水平、焦慮抑郁情緒。結(jié)果:觀察組環(huán)境評(píng)分、護(hù)理態(tài)度評(píng)分、護(hù)理操作評(píng)分、心理疏導(dǎo)評(píng)分均明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。觀察組護(hù)理滿意度明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。觀察組住院期間護(hù)理不良事件發(fā)生率明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。觀察組護(hù)理后血壓水平及焦慮、抑郁情緒改善度優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:人性化護(hù)理可緩解原發(fā)性高血壓患者的焦慮、抑郁情緒,減少不良事件的發(fā)生。
原發(fā)性高血壓;人性化護(hù)理;不良事件
原發(fā)性高血壓是臨床常見疾病,目前病因尚未完全明確,多認(rèn)為與體內(nèi)循環(huán)動(dòng)脈壓升高相關(guān)。原發(fā)性高血壓是心腦、腎臟疾病發(fā)病獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,需加強(qiáng)對(duì)疾病的控制,以減輕臟器功能損害[1,2]。本研究探討了原發(fā)性高血壓的護(hù)理方法及心得,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
2014年1月-2016年1月收治原發(fā)性高血壓患者80例,根據(jù)計(jì)算機(jī)隨機(jī)法分為兩組,每組40例。所有患者均符合原發(fā)性高血壓診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),均可配合本研究,知情同意且簽署知情同意書。對(duì)照組男29例,女11例;年齡40~77歲,平均年齡(57.61±2.77)歲;合并冠心病15例,合并糖尿病9例,合并高血脂11例。觀察組男27例,女13例;年齡41~78歲,平均年齡(5.729±2.95)歲;合并冠心病15例,合并糖尿病9例,合并高血脂10例。兩組患者一般資料比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
方法:對(duì)照組給予基礎(chǔ)護(hù)理。觀察組給予人性化護(hù)理,具體內(nèi)容如下:①環(huán)境護(hù)理:營(yíng)造舒適、溫濕度合適、光線柔和、空氣清新的住院環(huán)境,使患者在良好的環(huán)境獲得充足睡眠和休息,盡量減少探訪。護(hù)理操作盡可能集中。護(hù)理人員走路、說(shuō)話和操作、關(guān)門窗的動(dòng)作需輕。②用藥護(hù)理:嚴(yán)格遵醫(yī)囑用藥,避免擅自停藥或加減藥量。根據(jù)患者個(gè)體情況進(jìn)行用藥指導(dǎo),注意靶器官的保護(hù),觀察不良反應(yīng)。腎功能衰竭患者需禁用利尿劑,糖尿病患者需慎用β-受體阻滯劑,并在用藥前后加強(qiáng)觀察,預(yù)防低血壓和跌倒等不良用藥事件的發(fā)生[3,4]。③心理護(hù)理:根據(jù)患者性格特點(diǎn)、心理狀況等進(jìn)行針對(duì)性心理疏導(dǎo),盡可能使其避免接觸應(yīng)激因素。采用音樂療法、看電視等方式緩解患者緊張情緒。講解良好心境跟血壓控制的關(guān)系促使患者進(jìn)行自我心理調(diào)適。④飲食指導(dǎo):指導(dǎo)患者多進(jìn)食新鮮水果蔬菜,飲食以低鹽低脂、低膽固醇、清淡易消化為主要原則,預(yù)防便秘的發(fā)生。肥胖患者需控制熱量攝入,以控制體重。⑤運(yùn)動(dòng)指導(dǎo):指導(dǎo)患者根據(jù)自身情況選擇散步、爬山、慢跑等運(yùn)動(dòng)方式,時(shí)間和運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度可根據(jù)自身情況而定,注意循序漸進(jìn),避免劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)。⑥安全管理:評(píng)估患者墜床、跌倒等風(fēng)險(xiǎn),并增設(shè)床欄、洗手間扶手、防滑墊等,加強(qiáng)對(duì)高?;颊叩呐阕o(hù),預(yù)防不良事件發(fā)生[5,6]。
觀察指標(biāo):對(duì)比兩組環(huán)境評(píng)分、護(hù)理態(tài)度評(píng)分、護(hù)理操作評(píng)分、心理疏導(dǎo)評(píng)分(每項(xiàng)滿分100分,分?jǐn)?shù)越高說(shuō)明護(hù)理服務(wù)質(zhì)量越高)和護(hù)理滿意度、住院期間護(hù)理不良事件發(fā)生率。
統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法:采用SPSS 21.0軟件處理數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)數(shù)資料組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料采用(±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05表示差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
兩組環(huán)境評(píng)分、護(hù)理態(tài)度評(píng)分、護(hù)理操作評(píng)分、心理疏導(dǎo)評(píng)分比較:觀察組環(huán)境評(píng)分、護(hù)理態(tài)度評(píng)分、護(hù)理操作評(píng)分、心理疏導(dǎo)評(píng)分均明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1。
兩組患者護(hù)理滿意度比較:觀察組護(hù)理滿意度明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。
兩組患者住院期間護(hù)理不良事件發(fā)生情況比較:對(duì)照組2例跌倒,2例墜床,3例便秘;觀察組僅1例便秘。觀察組住院期間護(hù)理不良事件發(fā)生率明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表3。
護(hù)理前后兩組血壓水平以及焦慮、抑郁情緒狀態(tài)比較:兩組護(hù)理前血壓水平以及焦慮、抑郁情緒比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。觀察組護(hù)理后血壓水平、焦慮、抑郁情緒改善度優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表4。
表1 兩組環(huán)境評(píng)分、護(hù)理態(tài)度評(píng)分、護(hù)理操作評(píng)分、心理疏導(dǎo)評(píng)分比較(±s,分)
表1 兩組環(huán)境評(píng)分、護(hù)理態(tài)度評(píng)分、護(hù)理操作評(píng)分、心理疏導(dǎo)評(píng)分比較(±s,分)
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表2 兩組護(hù)理滿意情況比較(n)
表3 兩組住院期間護(hù)理不良事件發(fā)生情況比較[n(%)]
表4 兩組護(hù)理前后血壓水平及焦慮、抑郁情緒比較(±s)
表4 兩組護(hù)理前后血壓水平及焦慮、抑郁情緒比較(±s)
注:與護(hù)理前對(duì)比,#P<0.05;與對(duì)照組護(hù)理后對(duì)比,?P<0.05。
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原發(fā)性高血壓是臨床常見多發(fā)病,對(duì)患者健康造成嚴(yán)重威脅,除了規(guī)范降壓治療,還需加強(qiáng)對(duì)患者的臨床護(hù)理工作,以加強(qiáng)患者對(duì)疾病的認(rèn)知,并提高遵醫(yī)行為和自我管理能力,更好地控制疾病進(jìn)展,改善自身生存質(zhì)量[7,8]。
人性化護(hù)理方法是一種新型護(hù)理服務(wù)模式,其以患者為中心對(duì)其進(jìn)行護(hù)理,為其提供良好、舒適的住院環(huán)境,并加強(qiáng)疾病介紹,說(shuō)明各種危害因素,加強(qiáng)患者對(duì)病情的重視,并通過(guò)規(guī)范治療和遵醫(yī)用藥、飲食、運(yùn)動(dòng)等達(dá)到更好的血壓控制效果,減輕靶器官損傷。另外,人性化護(hù)理方法還強(qiáng)化了對(duì)患者的心理疏導(dǎo),改變了傳統(tǒng)注重生理疾病治療護(hù)理的情況,同時(shí)關(guān)注患者身心、社會(huì)功能狀況,全面促進(jìn)患者生存質(zhì)量的改善[9,10]。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,給予原發(fā)性高血壓患者人性化護(hù)理效果確切,可強(qiáng)化心理疏導(dǎo),減輕患者焦慮抑郁情緒,優(yōu)化護(hù)理服務(wù)質(zhì)量和病房環(huán)境,有利于更好地控制血壓,減少不良事件的發(fā)生,值得推廣。
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Analysis of nursing methods and experience of primary hypertension
Zhen Xiubai
The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Pei County in Xuzhou City,Jiangsu Province 221600
Objective:To explore the nursing methods and experience of primary hypertension.Methods:80 cases of patients with primary hypertension were divided into two groups randomly.The control group was given basic nursing.The observation group was given humanized nursing.The environmental score,nursing attitude score,nursing operation score,psychological score and nursing satisfaction,incidence of nursing adverse events during hospitalization,the level of blood pressure,anxiety and depression mood in the two groups were compared.Results:The environmental score,nursing attitude score,nursing operation score,psychological score in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group(P<0.05).The nursing satisfaction of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of nursing adverse events during hospitalization in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The blood pressure,anxiety and depression in the observation group after nursing were better than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion: Humanized nursing could relieve the anxiety and depression in patients with primary hypertension and reduce the incidence of adverse events.
Primary hypertension;Humanized nursing;Adverse events
10.3969/j.issn.1007-614x.2017.5.80