茍懷宇,陳艷秋,吳嘵玲
· 論著 ·
伊伐布雷定對(duì)急性失代償收縮性心力衰竭患者24 h心率、腦鈉肽、6分鐘步行距離的影響
茍懷宇1,陳艷秋1,吳嘵玲1
目的 探討伊伐布雷定對(duì)急性失代償收縮性心力衰竭患者24 h心率(24h HR)、腦鈉肽(BNP)、6分鐘步行距離(6MWD)的影響。方法 選擇2015年7月~2016年7月于重慶市渝北區(qū)人民醫(yī)院住院的急性失代償收縮性心力衰竭患者60例,其中男性31例,女性29例。通過隨機(jī)數(shù)字表分為對(duì)照組(30例)及伊伐布雷定組(30例)。兩組均予以常規(guī)的抗急性心力衰竭治療,伊伐布雷定組加服伊伐布雷定。治療前和治療7 d后,測(cè)定兩組24 h HR、BNP、6MWD。結(jié)果 治療7 d后,伊伐布雷定組和對(duì)照組BNP水平以及6MWD均較治療前改善,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.05)。與對(duì)照組治療7 d后比較,伊伐布雷定組24h HR、BNP水平以及6MWD均明顯改善,[(82.54±10.33)次/min vs.(73.45±12.21)次/min]、[(4326±845)pg/mL vs.(3462±786)pg/mL]、[(162.01±57.36)m vs.(198.70±56.31)m],差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.05)。結(jié)論 伊伐布雷定可以明顯降低急性失代償收縮性心力衰竭患者的24 h HR和BNP水平,提高6分鐘步行距離。
伊伐布雷定;急性失代償收縮性心力衰竭;24 h心率;腦鈉肽;6分鐘步行距離
急性失代償收縮性心力衰竭患者的靜息心率常明顯代償性增快,而增快的心率是評(píng)價(jià)患者預(yù)后的重要指標(biāo)[1,2]。伊伐布雷定可以選擇性抑制竇房結(jié)If電流,降低竇性心律患者心率而不影響心肌收縮和房室傳導(dǎo)[3]。Sargento等[4]研究表明,急性失代償收縮性心力衰竭患者應(yīng)用伊伐布雷定可以有效減慢心率。24 h心率(24h HR)增快是心血管疾病患者全因死亡的一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)因子[5],腦鈉肽(BNP)是心力衰竭診斷和預(yù)后評(píng)價(jià)的重要指標(biāo)[6],6分鐘步行距離(6MWD)是評(píng)估慢性心力衰竭患者運(yùn)動(dòng)耐量和治療效果的重要指標(biāo)[7]。本研究探討了伊伐布雷定對(duì)急性失代償收縮性心力衰竭患者24h HR、BNP以及6MWD的影響。
1.1 研究對(duì)象和分組 選擇2015年7月~2016年7月于重慶市渝北區(qū)人民醫(yī)院住院的急性失代償收縮性心力衰竭患者60例,男性31例,女性29例。通過隨機(jī)數(shù)字表分為對(duì)照組(30例)及伊伐布雷定組(30例)。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①符合2010年《急性心力衰竭診斷和治療指南》心力衰竭診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[8],且為竇性心率;②紐約心臟協(xié)會(huì)(NYHA)心功能分級(jí)Ⅱ~Ⅳ級(jí);③靜息心率>70 次/min;④左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)<40%,收縮壓>90 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133kPa);⑤住院7 d以上。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①心源性休克、應(yīng)用正性肌力藥物(地高辛除外)、急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征;②近6個(gè)月內(nèi)有腦卒中或短暫性腦缺血發(fā)作、病竇綜合癥、Ⅱ度或Ⅲ度房室傳導(dǎo)阻滯;③心房顫動(dòng)(房顫)或心房撲動(dòng)(房撲)、急性心肌炎、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、收縮壓>180 mmHg和/或舒張壓>110 mmHg、瓣膜性心臟病、肝腎功能異常、先天性長QT間期、自主神經(jīng)疾病、甲狀腺疾病。
1.2 治療方法 急性期兩組均按2010年《急性心力衰竭診斷和治療指南》進(jìn)行常規(guī)靜脈用藥。病情平穩(wěn)后,對(duì)照組和伊伐布雷定組均予以口服藥物,包括利尿劑(呋塞米片或螺內(nèi)酯片)、地高辛、血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)換酶抑制劑、硝酸鹽(單硝酸異山梨酯片、硝普鈉)等。伊伐布雷定組在抗急性心力衰竭常規(guī)治療的基礎(chǔ)上,入院24 h后口服伊伐布雷定(施維雅公司,5 mg/片)5 mg 2/d。>75歲的患者予以2.5 mg 2/d。持續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)心率至少72 h,如患者心率下降<20%,增加劑量至7.5 mg 2/d;如心率<60 次/min,減量至2.5 mg 2/d,否則維持原劑量。
1.3 相關(guān)指標(biāo)的測(cè)定 ①兩組患者治療前和治療7天后測(cè)定24 h動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖,計(jì)算24h HR。24h HR定義為24 h所有心率的平均值[9];②兩組患者治療前和治療7 d后空腹取靜脈血3 ml,加入抗凝管中,室溫靜置一段時(shí)間后,低溫2000 r/min離心5 min,分離血漿,置于-70℃貯存測(cè)定BNP。BNP測(cè)定采用放射免疫分析法,試劑盒購自美國博適公司(正常值:0~100 ng/L);③兩組患者治療前和治療7 d后,按美國胸科學(xué)會(huì)指南進(jìn)行6 min步行實(shí)驗(yàn)[10],開始時(shí),測(cè)定患者的生命體征如心率、血壓、呼吸頻率。要求患者在安靜空氣流通的30 m長的筆直醫(yī)院走廊來回行走,走盡可能遠(yuǎn)的距離,6 min停止。如果患者出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的呼吸困難、胸痛、頭暈、出汗、腿抽筋,即可停止。測(cè)量6 min行走的距離,再次對(duì)患者生命體征如心率和呼吸頻率進(jìn)行評(píng)估;④常規(guī)指標(biāo)測(cè)定:禁食12 h后抽取空腹靜脈血,測(cè)定血清三酰甘油(TG)、總膽固醇(TC)、血紅蛋白、尿素氮、肌酐。所有標(biāo)本均在本院HITACHI全自動(dòng)生化分析儀檢測(cè)。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件分析,計(jì)量資料以(±s)表示,組內(nèi)資料比較用配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn),組間資料比較用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以例數(shù)/百分比表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 兩組患者一般資料比較 兩組年齡、性別比例、病史、吸煙、血壓、血脂和藥物使用情況等一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均>0.05)(表1)。
2.2 兩組治療前后24 h HR、BNP、6MWD的變化 治療7 d后,伊伐布雷定組和對(duì)照組BNP水平以及6MWD均較治療前改善,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.05)。與對(duì)照組治療7 d后比較,伊伐布雷定組24h HR、BNP水平以及6MWD均明顯改善,[(82.54±10.33)次/min vs. (73.45± 12.21)次/min]、[(4326±845) pg/ml vs. (3462 ±786) pg/ml]、[(162.01±57.36)m vs. (198.70 ±56.31) m],差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.05)(表2)。
表1 兩組患者一般資料比較
表2 兩組治療前后24h HR、BNP、6MWD的變化
急性失代償收縮性心力衰竭患者常常存在明顯心率增快,可能為提高心輸出量的代償機(jī)制,為臨床惡化的結(jié)果[11]。心率增快可縮短舒張期、增加心臟負(fù)荷、減少心肌血供、增加心肌氧耗和氧化應(yīng)激,與心力衰竭的不良預(yù)后密切相關(guān)[12]。Takahama等[13]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)使用β受體阻滯劑心率下降程度是急性心力衰竭患者臨床預(yù)后的一個(gè)重要預(yù)測(cè)因子。24h HR測(cè)量比門診靜息心率重復(fù)性和敏感性更好,也是預(yù)后評(píng)估指標(biāo)[14]。
伊伐布雷定是If通道選擇性抑制劑,可直接選擇性抑制竇房結(jié)If通道在舒張期內(nèi)向電流,減少舒張期去極化的斜率而減慢心率,不影響心肌收縮性,很少或無心血管不良反應(yīng)[11]。本研究中,伊伐布雷定組和對(duì)照組的基線臨床資料比較無明顯差異,具有可比性。治療7 d后,兩組血壓和每日尿量與治療前比較無明顯變化,這與既往研究結(jié)果相似[4]。伊伐布雷定組24h HR較治療前明顯下降,但對(duì)照組無明顯變化。對(duì)照組常規(guī)的治療包括β受體阻滯劑、螺內(nèi)脂、硝酸鹽、地高辛等,可減輕心臟前后負(fù)荷、抑制交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、腎素-血管緊張素-醛固酮系統(tǒng)、心臟β1受體,調(diào)節(jié)迷走神經(jīng)等[15],故24h HR也能減少。伊伐布雷定組加服伊伐布雷定后24h HR明顯下降的可能機(jī)制為:①伊伐布雷定選擇性降低竇性心率,且口服4 h后心率下降幅度最大[16];②在休息或運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),伊伐布雷定均可產(chǎn)生快速、持續(xù)、劑量依賴性的心率下降[16,17]。
BNP主要由心室肌細(xì)胞合成和分泌,反映心室壓力和容量負(fù)荷的變化,已被廣泛應(yīng)用于心力衰竭的診斷、預(yù)后評(píng)價(jià)及指導(dǎo)治療。6MWD是量化評(píng)價(jià)心力衰竭患者治療前后運(yùn)動(dòng)耐量變化的公認(rèn)指標(biāo)。兩組治療后BNP與6MWD均較治療前明顯改善。其可能機(jī)制為:①心率可以調(diào)節(jié)心力衰竭患者后負(fù)荷,心率的下降致后負(fù)荷減輕[18];②伊伐布雷定可以延長舒張充盈時(shí)間,增加冠脈灌注,提高心室每搏輸出量,改善舒張功能[19]。本研究未發(fā)現(xiàn)伊伐布雷定組患者出現(xiàn)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)惡化、光幻覺及嚴(yán)重的心動(dòng)過緩等不良反應(yīng)。
總之,伊伐布雷定可以明顯降低急性失代償收縮性心力衰竭患者的24h HR,降低BNP水平,增加6MWD,改善患者的癥狀,有利于改善預(yù)后。由于本研究病例數(shù)較少,仍需進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大樣本量研究。
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本文編輯:姚雪莉
Influence of ivabradine on 24-h heart rate, B-type natriuretic peptide and 6-minute walk distance inpatients with acute decompensated systolic heart failure
GOU Huai-yu*, CHEN Yan-qiu, WU Xiao-ling.*Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Yubei District, Chongqing 401120, China. Corresponding author: CHEN Yan-qiu, E-mail: xnksnk@163.com
Objective To investigate the influence of ivabradine on 24-h heart rate (24h HR), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) in patients with acute decompensated systolic heart failure (ADSHF). Methods The patients with ADSHF (n=60, male 31 and female 29) were chosen from the People’s Hospital in Yubei District of Chongqing City from Jul. 2015 to Jul. 2016. All patients were randomly divided into control group and ivabradine group (each n=30). All groups were given routine anti-ADSHF treatment and ivabradine group was additionally given ivabradine orally. The changes of 24h HR, BNP and 6MWD were detected in 2 groups before and 7 d after treatment. Results After treatment for 7 d, BNP level and 6MWD were ameliorated in 2 groups (all P<0.05). After treatment for 7 d, 24h HR [(82.54±10.33) time/min vs. (73.45±12.21) time/min], BNP level [(4326±845) pg/mL vs. (3462±786) pg/mL] and 6MWD [(162.01±57.36) m vs. (198.70 ±56.31) m] were all ameliorated in ivabradine group compared with control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion Ivabradine can significantly decrease 24-h HR and BNP level and increase 6MWD in patients with ADSHF.
Ivabradine; Acute decompensated systolic heart failure; 24 h heart rate; B-type natriuretic peptide; 6-minute walk distance
R541.61
A
1674-4055(2017)03-0348-03
重慶市衛(wèi)生和計(jì)劃生育委員會(huì)基金項(xiàng)目(2015MSXM154)
1401120 重慶,重慶市渝北區(qū)人民醫(yī)院心血管內(nèi)科
陳艷秋,E-mail:xnksnk@163.com
10.3969/j.issn.1674-4055.2017.03.26