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急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞特異性分子-1與冠狀動(dòng)脈病變的相關(guān)性研究

2017-05-02 09:16邱崇榮羅駿吳佳建
關(guān)鍵詞:內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞內(nèi)皮心肌梗死

邱崇榮,羅駿,吳佳建

· 論著 ·

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞特異性分子-1與冠狀動(dòng)脈病變的相關(guān)性研究

邱崇榮1,羅駿1,吳佳建2

目的 觀察急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞特異性分子-1(ESM-1)表達(dá)水平,并探討其與冠狀動(dòng)脈病變Gensini積分相關(guān)性。方法 連續(xù)入選2015年5月~2016年4月贛州市人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科住院STEMI患者121例,其中男性63例,女性58例,年齡35~86歲,平均(62.30±12.33)歲,住院期間均行冠狀動(dòng)脈造影檢查,計(jì)算Gensini積分。同時(shí)納入健康成年對(duì)照組40例,其中男性20例,女性20例,年齡40~75歲,平均(61.24±13.91)歲。抽取兩組血外周血檢測(cè)ESM-1水平,比較兩組ESM-1表達(dá)水平差異。分析STEMI患者ESM-1水平與冠狀動(dòng)脈病變Gensini積分相關(guān)性。結(jié)果 與對(duì)照組比較,STEMI組ESM-1水平較高[(1.19±0.45)ng/mL vs. (1.03±0.03)ng/mL],差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。相關(guān)性分析表明,STEMI組ESM-1水平與Gensini積分呈正相關(guān)(r=0.18,P<0.05),與病變支數(shù)無(wú)明顯相關(guān)性(r=0.03,P>0.05)。結(jié)論 STEMI患者ESM-1水平明顯高于正常對(duì)照組,ESM-1水平與Gensini積分呈正相關(guān)。ESM-1為STEMI患者新型內(nèi)皮功能紊亂生物標(biāo)記物,對(duì)判斷冠狀動(dòng)脈病變嚴(yán)重程度有一定的臨床意義。

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死;內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞特異性分子-1;冠狀動(dòng)脈病變;Gensini積分

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)是危害人類健康的重大疾病,隨著人民生活水平的提高和生活方式的改變,它已成為人類常見(jiàn)的疾病和致死、致殘的主要原因[1]。急性心肌梗死病理過(guò)程及發(fā)病機(jī)制包括:斑塊破裂、內(nèi)皮功能紊亂、血栓形成[2]。內(nèi)皮功能紊亂是急性心肌梗死發(fā)病基礎(chǔ),因而內(nèi)皮功能紊亂的評(píng)估及逆轉(zhuǎn)紊亂的內(nèi)皮功能治療是心血管疾病研究的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞特異性分子-1(ESM-1),是由內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞分泌的一種可溶性硫酸皮膚素蛋白多糖(DSPG),受內(nèi)皮特異性分子基因表達(dá)調(diào)控,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其主要由血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞分泌,可能是血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞功能紊亂的生物標(biāo)記物[3]。既往研究表明,ESM-1在急性冠脈綜合癥(ACS)患者表達(dá)水平升高,可能是ACS患者內(nèi)皮功能紊亂的新型生物標(biāo)記物[3]。然而STEMI患者ESM-1表達(dá)水平變化及與冠狀動(dòng)脈病變關(guān)系,目前國(guó)內(nèi)鮮見(jiàn)報(bào)道。本研究測(cè)定STEMI患者血清ESM-1表達(dá)水平,旨在探討ESM-1水平及與冠狀動(dòng)脈病變的相關(guān)性。

1 資料與方法

1.1 研究對(duì)象 連續(xù)入選贛州市人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科于2015年5月~2016年4月住院的初發(fā)STEMI患者121例,其中男性63例,女性58例,年齡35~86歲,平均(62.30±12.33)歲。其發(fā)病至就診時(shí)間中位數(shù)為5.0 h,最短為30 min,最長(zhǎng)為15 d。體檢中心納入健康成年對(duì)照組40例,其中男性20例,女性20例,年齡40~75歲,平均(61.24±13.91)歲,既往無(wú)任何疾病病史。納入STEMI患者住院期間均接受冠狀動(dòng)脈造影檢查。診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):急性心肌梗死根據(jù)ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF第三次全球急性心肌梗死定義[4]:肌鈣蛋白升高合并至少以下一項(xiàng):①缺血癥狀:胸痛持續(xù)30 min或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間;②心電圖提示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上肢體導(dǎo)聯(lián)ST段抬高≥0.1 mV,或兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上胸導(dǎo)聯(lián)≥0.2 mv;新出現(xiàn)的左束支傳導(dǎo)阻滯;③心電圖已形成病理性Q波;④影像學(xué)新發(fā)現(xiàn)心肌活力喪失或新發(fā)現(xiàn)的室壁運(yùn)動(dòng)異常;⑤冠狀動(dòng)脈造影或尸檢發(fā)現(xiàn)冠狀動(dòng)脈內(nèi)血栓形成。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①重度貧血;②甲狀腺疾病;③嚴(yán)重瓣膜疾病;④嚴(yán)重腎功能不全(CKD 4期、CKD5期)需要腎透析治療;⑤自身免疫性疾??;⑥感染性疾病;⑦惡性腫瘤。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 收集資料 收集所有研究對(duì)象的年齡、性別、身高、體重,計(jì)算體質(zhì)指數(shù)(體質(zhì)指數(shù)=體重/身高2),入院次日晨抽血查總膽固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、肌酐(Cr)、超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CRP)。

1.2.2 檢測(cè)血清ESM-1表達(dá)水平 所有研究對(duì)象清晨抽取外周血,空腹12 h以上,平臥20 min,STEMI患者入院次晨抽血,無(wú)需抗凝,立即置于4℃冰箱中凝聚1 h,4℃ 3000 r/min離心15 min,EP管提取血清分裝,置于-80℃冰箱保存?zhèn)溆谩2捎妹嘎?lián)免疫法檢測(cè)血清ESM-1表達(dá)水平,檢測(cè)下限為0.2 ng/ml,靈敏度為0.02 ng/ml,批內(nèi)變異系數(shù)7.2%,批間變異系數(shù)9.8%,檢測(cè)步驟嚴(yán)格按照試劑盒說(shuō)明進(jìn)行。

1.2.3 冠狀動(dòng)脈造影結(jié)果分析 采用Judkins方法造影,并多體位投照,由兩位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的心內(nèi)科醫(yī)師共同對(duì)造影結(jié)果進(jìn)行判斷。冠狀動(dòng)脈主要分為4支,左主干(LM),左前降支(LAD),左回旋支(LCX),右冠狀動(dòng)脈(RCA),按冠狀動(dòng)脈造影結(jié)果分為無(wú)任何一支病變?yōu)?支、LAD、LCX、RCA僅一支病變單支、LAD、LCX、RCA中任2支血管病變?yōu)殡p支、3支或LM狹窄>50%為多支血管病變。采用Gensini積分系統(tǒng)[5]對(duì)每支冠狀動(dòng)脈血管病變程度進(jìn)行定量評(píng)定,根據(jù)美國(guó)心臟協(xié)會(huì)所規(guī)定的冠狀動(dòng)脈血管圖像記錄分段評(píng)價(jià),狹窄≤25%為1分,25%~49%為2分,50%~74%為4分,75%~89%為8分,90%~99%為16分,100%為32分。其中,左主干病變×5.0,左前降支:近段×2.5、中段×1.5、遠(yuǎn)段×1.0,對(duì)角支:第一對(duì)角支×1.0、第二對(duì)角支×0.5,左回旋支:近段病變得分×2.5,遠(yuǎn)端、后降支均×1.0,后側(cè)支×0.5,右冠狀動(dòng)脈病變近、中、遠(yuǎn)和后降支均×1.0。冠狀動(dòng)脈病變程度的最終積分為各積分之和。

1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 應(yīng)用SPSS 19.0軟件建立數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)并進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示;非正態(tài)分布計(jì)量資料用中位數(shù)(四分位數(shù))[M(Q1,Q3)]表示;組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn)(正態(tài)分布)、非正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料采用秩和檢驗(yàn);相關(guān)分析應(yīng)用pearson相關(guān)分析;計(jì)數(shù)資料組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn);P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組基線資料比較 兩組在年齡、性別、血脂、體質(zhì)指數(shù)上差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,表1),具有可比性。與對(duì)照組相比,STEMI組ESM-1水平較高[(1.19±0.45) ng/ml vs.(1.03±0.03) ng/ml,P<0.05]。

2.2 ESM-1與Gensini評(píng)分的相關(guān)性分析 結(jié)果表明ESM-1水平與Gensini積分呈正相關(guān)(r=0.18,P<0.05),與病變支數(shù)無(wú)明顯相關(guān)性(r=0.03,P>0.05)。

3 討論

我們觀察STEMI患者ESM-1表達(dá)水平,國(guó)內(nèi)首次報(bào)道ESM-1表達(dá)水平與STEMI患者冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄程度關(guān)系。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),STEMI患者ESM-1水平明顯高于正常對(duì)照組,其表達(dá)水平與冠狀動(dòng)脈病變Gensini積分無(wú)明顯相關(guān)性。表明ESM-1可能是STEMI患者新型內(nèi)皮功能紊亂生物標(biāo)記物。血管內(nèi)皮不僅僅是單一的血管內(nèi)膜和管腔之間的單層細(xì)胞,同時(shí)產(chǎn)生多種生物活性物質(zhì),如一氧化氮(NO),血管內(nèi)皮功能及NO生物活性影響心肌功能,在調(diào)節(jié)血管的功能和結(jié)構(gòu)起一定的作用。內(nèi)皮功能紊亂是動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化早期的病理生理特征,是心血管疾病的獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo)[6]。Kurtoglu等[7]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),冠心病患者容易出現(xiàn)血管內(nèi)皮功能紊亂,并且血管內(nèi)皮功能紊亂的程度與冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的范圍及冠狀動(dòng)脈的嚴(yán)重程度呈正相關(guān)性。血管內(nèi)皮功能紊亂為動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的早期標(biāo)記物,因而早期發(fā)現(xiàn)有利于心血管事件早期危險(xiǎn)分層[8]。

表1 兩組基線資料比較

ESM-1,1996年由Lassale等[9]從人臍靜脈內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞互補(bǔ)DNA(cDNA)文庫(kù)中克隆分離哮喘相關(guān)互補(bǔ)DNA序列而意外發(fā)現(xiàn)并首次報(bào)道,又稱Endocan,其在人體內(nèi)多種腫瘤的小血管和大血管內(nèi)皮基質(zhì)均有表達(dá)[10]。ESM-1溶解于外周循環(huán)血液中,可用酶聯(lián)免疫法檢測(cè)其表達(dá)水平[11]。國(guó)內(nèi)外研究表明,ESM-1可能參與炎癥、腫瘤、血管生成、損傷、血液系統(tǒng)疾病[12-17]等多種疾病發(fā)病,其生物活性較為廣泛。

近年來(lái)有學(xué)者關(guān)注ESM-1與心血管疾病的關(guān)系,Kose、Balta等[3,18]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),ESM-1可能是內(nèi)皮功能紊亂的新型生物標(biāo)記物,在高血壓、急性冠脈綜合癥患者表達(dá)水平明顯升高,因而其在心血管疾病內(nèi)皮功能紊亂、早期診斷及預(yù)后判斷可能有一定的價(jià)值。然而,ESM-1與急性心肌梗死患者關(guān)系國(guó)內(nèi)鮮見(jiàn)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道。本研究通過(guò)檢測(cè)121例STEMI患者ESM-1水平,發(fā)現(xiàn)STEMI患者ESM-1水平明顯高于正常對(duì)照組,與相關(guān)研究一致[19,20]。

ESM-1作為內(nèi)皮功能紊亂生物標(biāo)記物可能參與急性心肌梗死發(fā)病過(guò)程,其可能機(jī)制為:①ESM-1可能促進(jìn)血管平滑肌細(xì)胞增殖和遷移,參與冠心病的發(fā)病過(guò)程[21],同時(shí)ESM-1在粥樣斑塊中高表達(dá),斑塊突然破裂導(dǎo)致急性心肌梗死,ESM-1大量釋放,因而其在外周血檢測(cè)表達(dá)水平明顯升高。②ESM-1主要由內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞分泌,在血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增殖中起重要作用。內(nèi)皮功能紊亂是冠心病發(fā)病基礎(chǔ),因此ESM-1可能參與冠心病急性心肌梗死發(fā)病過(guò)程。③ESM-1是內(nèi)皮分泌的一種可溶性的硫酸皮膚素多糖,在凝血和血栓形成過(guò)程中起一定的作用[12]。ESM-1分泌增加可能與急性心肌梗死發(fā)病高血栓狀態(tài)相關(guān)。

相關(guān)性分析表明,ESM-1表達(dá)水平與Gensini積分呈正相關(guān)性。Gensini積分是對(duì)冠狀動(dòng)脈復(fù)雜病變的評(píng)分體系,用于定量測(cè)定病變嚴(yán)重程度,對(duì)不同病變程度采用權(quán)重不同,其分值與冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄程度有關(guān)。本研究提示,ESM-1可能與冠狀動(dòng)脈病程狹窄程度相關(guān),與相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[22]。

綜上所述,ESM-1可能是一種新型內(nèi)皮功能生物標(biāo)記物,在STEMI患者其表達(dá)水平明顯升高,與冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄程度相關(guān)。由于本研究納入樣本量較小,本研究結(jié)果有待于今后的研究中加大樣本量以進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。ESM-1可能參與STEMI患者發(fā)病過(guò)程,因ESM-1生物活性廣泛,其參與STEMI發(fā)病機(jī)制較為復(fù)雜,具體機(jī)制有待進(jìn)一步實(shí)驗(yàn)研究探討。

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本文編輯:阮燕萍

Correlation between endothelial specific molecule-1 and coronary artery lesions in patients with acuteST-segment elevation myocardial infarction


QIU Chong-rong*, LUO Jun, WU Jia-jian.*Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Ganzhou City, Ganzhou 341000, China.

LUO Jun, E-mail: luoabccom@sina.com

Objective To observe the expression of endothelial specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (ASTEMI), and investigate the correlation between ESM-1 and Gensini integrals of coronary artery lesions. Methods ASTEMI patients (n=121, male 63, female 58, aged from 35 to 86 and average age=62.30±12.33) were continuously chosen into ASTEMI group from the Department of Cardiology of People’s Hospital of Ganzhou City from May 2015 to Apr. 2016, and all patients were given examination of coronary angiography (CAG) and Gensini integrals were calculated. Meanwhile the health controls (n=40, male 20, female 20, aged from 40 to 75 and average age=61.24±13.91) were chosen into control group. The blood samples were collected from 2 groups for detecting peripheral ESM-1 level, and difference in ESM-1 level was compared between 2 groups. The correlation between ESM-1 level and Gensini integrals of coronary artery lesions was analyzed in ASTEMI patients. Results ESM-1 level was higher in ASTEMI group than that in control group [(1.19±0.45) ng/mL vs. (1.03±0.03) ng/mL, P<0.05]. The correlation analysis showed that ESM-1 level was positively correlated to Gensini integrals (r=0.18, P<0.05), and was not significantly correlated to number of lesion vessels (r=0.03, P>0.05) in ASTEMI group. Conclusion ESM-1 level is significantly higher in STEMI patients, and positively correlated to Gensini integrals. ESM-1 is a new type biomarker of endothelial dysfunction, and has some clinical significance for estimating the severity of coronary artery lesions.

Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; Endothelial specific molecule-1; Coronary artery lesions; Gensini integrals

R541.4

A

1674-4055(2017)03-0353-03

1341000 贛州,贛州市人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科;2341000 贛州,贛南醫(yī)學(xué)院第三附屬醫(yī)院內(nèi)科

羅駿,E-mail:luoabccom@sina.com

10.3969/j.issn.1674-4055.2017.03.28

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