賈 芮,徐 賢,劉新球,吳 冰,門衛(wèi)偉,安寧豫
1中國人民解放軍總醫(yī)院南樓放射科,北京 1008532通用電氣(北京)醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)集團(tuán)磁共振事業(yè)部,北京 1001763北京大學(xué)磁共振成像研究中心,北京 100871
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·論 著·
三維準(zhǔn)連續(xù)動(dòng)脈自旋標(biāo)記灌注成像對(duì)老年人后循環(huán)缺血病灶的診斷價(jià)值
賈 芮1,徐 賢1,劉新球1,吳 冰2,門衛(wèi)偉3,安寧豫1
1中國人民解放軍總醫(yī)院南樓放射科,北京 1008532通用電氣(北京)醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)集團(tuán)磁共振事業(yè)部,北京 1001763北京大學(xué)磁共振成像研究中心,北京 100871
目的 探究三維準(zhǔn)連續(xù)動(dòng)脈自旋標(biāo)記灌注成像(3D-pCASL)對(duì)80歲以上老年人后循環(huán)缺血(PCI)的診斷價(jià)值,對(duì)老年人PCI的臨床診斷提供影像學(xué)依據(jù)。方法 對(duì)80歲以上臨床診斷為PCI的老年男性患者20例以及正常老年男性33名分別進(jìn)行磁共振常規(guī)掃描及3D-pCASL掃描,延遲標(biāo)記時(shí)間(PLD)選取1525和2525 ms,利用SPM12軟件分別測(cè)量其左側(cè)枕葉、右側(cè)枕葉、左側(cè)小腦、右側(cè)小腦腦血流量(CBF)。采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)及秩和檢驗(yàn)比較在兩個(gè)PLD時(shí)間病例組與對(duì)照組前后循環(huán)CBF的差異,病例組與對(duì)照組雙側(cè)枕葉、雙側(cè)小腦CBF的差異,以及病例組與對(duì)照組在兩個(gè)PLD時(shí)間的時(shí)間間隔中雙側(cè)枕葉、雙側(cè)小腦CBF增量(△CBF)的差異。結(jié)果 病例組在PLD時(shí)間為1525 ms及2525 ms時(shí),前循環(huán)的CBF值均高于后循環(huán)CBF值,而對(duì)照組僅在1525 ms時(shí)前循環(huán)的CBF值均高于后循環(huán)CBF值,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.000,P=0.000,P=0.025);病例組在兩個(gè)PLD時(shí)間時(shí)雙側(cè)枕葉、雙側(cè)小腦的CBF值均低于對(duì)照組,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.003,P=0.002,P=0.000,P=0.001,P=0.000,P=0.001,P=0.002,P=0.014);與對(duì)照組相比,病例組在兩個(gè)PLD時(shí)間的時(shí)間間隔中雙側(cè)枕葉、小腦△CBF均更小,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.004,P=0.001,P=0.001,P=0.025)。結(jié)論 高年齡段老年人因后循環(huán)血流慢,3D-pCASL技術(shù)需采用多個(gè)PLD時(shí)間判斷PCI的有無;3D-pCASL技術(shù)對(duì)檢測(cè)后循環(huán)CBF下降敏感,可作為老年人后循環(huán)卒中預(yù)警手段之一。
腦血流量;后循環(huán)缺血;三維準(zhǔn)連續(xù)動(dòng)脈自旋標(biāo)記灌注成像;磁共振成像;老年人
ActaAcadMedSin,2017,39(2):272-279
后循環(huán)缺血(posterior circulation ischemia,PCI)是指因后循環(huán)血管狹窄、原位血栓形成或栓塞導(dǎo)致腦組織缺血而引起的臨床綜合征,包括后循環(huán)短暫性腦缺血發(fā)作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)和后循環(huán)梗死[1- 2]。PCI占老年人缺血性卒中的20%,但由于其癥狀欠典型、診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)欠明確、對(duì)其認(rèn)識(shí)較模糊,使得對(duì)老年人PCI的關(guān)注程度遠(yuǎn)不及前循環(huán)腦卒中事件[3]。盡管人們?cè)J(rèn)為PCI較前循環(huán)卒中的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)低,但目前數(shù)據(jù)表明,PCI已不再是低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、低發(fā)病率的腦血管疾病[4]。隨著影像技術(shù)的發(fā)展,磁共振灌注成像現(xiàn)多被用來評(píng)價(jià)腦缺血性疾病腦血流灌注情況,其檢測(cè)出的低灌注區(qū)被認(rèn)為與局部腦組織腦血流灌注不足進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致腦卒中存在一定關(guān)系。目前國內(nèi)外已有利用CT灌注及動(dòng)態(tài)磁敏感對(duì)比增強(qiáng)灌注加權(quán)成像技術(shù)對(duì)PCI患者腦血流灌注的研究,也有文獻(xiàn)證明三維準(zhǔn)連續(xù)動(dòng)脈自旋標(biāo)記(3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling,3D-pCASL)技術(shù)在診斷腦缺血性疾病時(shí)有較好的可靠性及可重復(fù)性[5]。但是,由于老年人各個(gè)器官的功能水平較差、復(fù)合疾病較多,特別是80歲以上高齡老人對(duì)于注射對(duì)比劑存在較多的危險(xiǎn)因素,包括充血性心力衰竭、肝功能異常、蛋白尿、高尿酸血癥、周圍血管病、高血壓、腎毒性藥物的損害(如非甾體類藥物和血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)換酶抑制劑類藥物)、重度動(dòng)脈硬化、高齡等[6],因此,本研究選擇無需引入外源性造影劑的3D-pCASL技術(shù),旨在比較老年P(guān)CI患者與正常老年人后循環(huán)腦血流量(cerebral blood flow,CBF)的差異,探究顯示PCI有意義低灌注區(qū)有效的標(biāo)記后延遲(post-labeling delay,PLD)時(shí)間,為臨床診斷老年人PCI提供可靠的影像學(xué)依據(jù)。
對(duì)象 病例組:連續(xù)納入2016年2至10月中國人民解放軍總醫(yī)院南樓神經(jīng)內(nèi)科收治的80歲以上男性PCI患者20例,年齡80~99歲,平均(85.53±9.28)歲。病例組主要表現(xiàn)為“頭暈、頭痛、復(fù)視、視覺障礙、面部麻木、肢體無力、行走不穩(wěn)或短暫性意識(shí)喪失”等PCI癥狀,并符合《中國后循環(huán)缺血專家共識(shí)》PCI臨床診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[2]。通過Dix-Hallpike檢查排除良性發(fā)作性位置性眩暈,通過X線及經(jīng)顱多普勒檢查排除頸源性眩暈,且均在發(fā)病24 h內(nèi)完成磁共振檢查。對(duì)照組:連續(xù)納入2016年2至10月中國人民解放軍總醫(yī)院南樓80歲以上男性33例,年齡80~99歲,平均(84.14±6.7)歲。對(duì)照組要求既往無腦梗死,2年內(nèi)無TIA病史。病例組與對(duì)照組排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)存在外傷、腦卒中、腦腫瘤、腦白質(zhì)內(nèi)大面積融合性缺血灶等既往責(zé)任病灶;(2)前循環(huán)血管狹窄超過50%;(3)明確的糖尿病、腎病及嚴(yán)重癡呆;(4)不能配合者。兩組相關(guān)臨床資料見表1。
方法 采用3.0T GE Discovery MR750磁共振掃描儀以及8通道顱腦線圈進(jìn)行成像。掃描序列包括橫軸位T2加權(quán)像、T1加權(quán)像(T1 weighted imaging,T1WI)、彌散加權(quán)成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)、冠狀位T2自由水抑制、磁共振血管成像(magnetic resonance angiography,MRA)、3D快速擾相梯度回波(fast spoiled gradient echo,F(xiàn)SPGR)T1WI以及3D-pCASL序列,其中DWI掃描參數(shù):重復(fù)時(shí)間(repetition time,RT)6800 ms,回波時(shí)間(echo time,TE)90 ms,視野(field of view,F(xiàn)OV)24 cm×24 cm,矩陣128×128,層厚5.0 mm,層間距1.0 mm,層數(shù)20層,b值為 0和1000 s/mm2;MRA掃描參數(shù):TR 34 ms,TE 最小值,F(xiàn)OV 24 cm×24 cm,矩陣320×320,層厚1.0 mm,重疊0.5 mm,反轉(zhuǎn)角15°;3D FSPGR T1WI掃描參數(shù):TR 6.7 ms,TE 2.9 ms,F(xiàn)OV 25.6 cm×25.6 cm,矩陣256×256,層厚1.0 mm,采集次數(shù)1次,掃描層數(shù)200層,掃描時(shí)間4 min 11s;3D-pCASL采集參數(shù):TR 4632 ms,TE 10.5 ms,F(xiàn)OV 24 cm×24 cm,矩陣512×8(3D螺旋采集),層厚4.0 mm,采集次數(shù)3次,掃描層數(shù)36層,標(biāo)記延遲時(shí)間選擇分別為1525 ms及2525 ms。掃描時(shí)間4 min 29 s和5 min 9 s。
數(shù)據(jù)處理 基于GE AW46工作站并根據(jù)動(dòng)脈自旋標(biāo)記計(jì)算公式,處理計(jì)算出CBF圖,并將其轉(zhuǎn)換成Nifti格式;使用原始采集的3D-pCASL圖像與3D T1 FSPGR結(jié)構(gòu)像進(jìn)行空間配準(zhǔn),使用SPM12軟件對(duì)3D T1 FSPGR結(jié)構(gòu)像進(jìn)行分割,使用生成的變形場(chǎng)蒙特利爾神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所152空間,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化后的圖像重采樣,大小為2 mm×2 mm×2 mm;編程分別計(jì)算提取分割每個(gè)模板中各個(gè)腦分區(qū)的CBF平均值,包括雙側(cè)額葉、頂葉、顳葉、枕葉、基底節(jié)區(qū)、小腦。前循環(huán)CBF平均值包括額葉、頂葉,后循環(huán)CBF平均值包括枕葉、小腦。由于顳葉部分由前循環(huán)供血,部分由后循環(huán)供血,因此為避免誤差予以排除(圖1)。
統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 21.0軟件,采用兩獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)及兩獨(dú)立樣本比較的秩和檢驗(yàn),比較在兩個(gè)PLD時(shí)間病例組與對(duì)照組前后循環(huán)CBF的差異,病例組與對(duì)照組雙側(cè)枕葉、雙側(cè)小腦CBF的差異,以及病例組與對(duì)照組在兩個(gè)PLD時(shí)間的時(shí)間間隔中雙側(cè)枕葉、雙側(cè)小腦CBF增量(△CBF)的差異。若符合正態(tài)分布,采用兩獨(dú)立樣本比較的T檢驗(yàn),數(shù)據(jù)用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,若不符合正態(tài)分布,則采用兩獨(dú)立樣本比較的秩和檢驗(yàn),數(shù)據(jù)用中位數(shù)(四分位間距)表示。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
常規(guī)磁共振平掃及MRA結(jié)果 病例組20例和對(duì)照組33例受試者在雙側(cè)皮層下、雙側(cè)半卵圓中心、側(cè)腦室旁白質(zhì)內(nèi)可見點(diǎn)片樣缺血灶,未見大面積融合性腦白質(zhì)病變;病例組20例患者中,1例在DWI圖像上有陽性發(fā)現(xiàn)(5%),余19例DWI圖像呈陰性(95%),對(duì)照組33例中無DWI陽性發(fā)現(xiàn);病例組20例患者中,MRA表現(xiàn)均符合動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化改變,其中5例可見單側(cè)大腦后動(dòng)脈重度狹窄,對(duì)照組33例MRA表現(xiàn)均符合動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化改變,無明確的后循環(huán)血管狹窄表現(xiàn)。
表 1 對(duì)照組與病例組受試者基本資料[n(%)]
CBF:腦血流量;3D FSPGR T1WI:3D快速擾相梯度回波T1加權(quán)像;3D-pCASL CBF:三維準(zhǔn)連續(xù)動(dòng)脈自旋標(biāo)記腦血流量
CBF:cerebral blood flow;3D FSPGR T1WI:3D fast spoiled gradient echo T1 weighted imaging;3D-pCASL CBF:3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling cerebral blood flow
A. 3D FSPGR T1WI解剖像;B.在3D FSPGR T1WI解剖像基礎(chǔ)上提取腦實(shí)質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù);C. 3D-pCASL CBF原始圖像;D.在3D-pCASL CBF 原始圖像基礎(chǔ)上提取腦實(shí)質(zhì)CBF信息;E.將處理后的3D FSPGR T1WI解剖像和處理后的3D-pCASL CBF 圖像信息配準(zhǔn)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、平滑后得到腦灌注圖像
A.3D FSPGR T1WI anatomic image;B.brain extraction image of 3D FSPGR T1WI anatomic image;C.3D-pCASL CBF original image;D.brain extraction image of 3D-pCASL CBF original image;E. perfusion map after co-registration,normalization and smoothing of the combining brain extraction images of 3D FSPGR T1WI anatomic image and 3D-pCASL CBF image
圖 1 CBF圖處理步驟示意圖
Fig 1 Diagrammatic sketch of CBF figure processing steps
磁共振3D-pCASL結(jié)果 病例組20例均在3D-pCASL圖像上后循環(huán)區(qū)(以雙側(cè)枕葉、雙側(cè)小腦為主)可見1個(gè)或多個(gè)低灌注區(qū)。在病例組中,當(dāng)PLD時(shí)間為1525 ms及2525 ms時(shí),前循環(huán)的CBF值均高于后循環(huán)CBF值,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=-4.653,P=0.000;Z=-3.814,P=0.000);在對(duì)照組中,當(dāng)PLD時(shí)間為1525 ms時(shí),前循環(huán)的CBF值高于后循環(huán)CBF值,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=2.297,P=0.025);當(dāng)PLD時(shí)間為2525 ms時(shí),前循環(huán)的CBF值有高于后循環(huán)CBF值的趨勢(shì),但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=6.624,P=0.535)(表2)。與對(duì)照組相比,病例組在兩個(gè)PLD時(shí)間時(shí)雙側(cè)枕葉、雙側(cè)小腦的CBF值均更低,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=-2.936,P=0.003;Z=-3.101,P=0.002;Z=-3.578,P=0.000;Z=-3.450,P=0.001;Z=-3.707,P=0.000;Z=-3.360,P=0.001;Z=-3.174,P=0.002;Z=-2.459,P=0.014)(表3)。與對(duì)照組相比,病例組在兩個(gè)PLD時(shí)間的時(shí)間間隔中雙側(cè)枕葉、小腦△CBF均更小,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=-2.863,P=0.004;t=-3.683,P=0.001;Z=-3.358,P=0.001;Z=-2.239,P=0.025)(表4)。正常高齡老年男性雙側(cè)枕葉在PLD為1525 ms時(shí)呈低灌注,隨著時(shí)間延長,在PLD為2525 ms時(shí)灌注恢復(fù)至正常水平(圖2);后循環(huán)缺血的高齡老年患者在PLD為1525 ms時(shí),雙側(cè)枕葉低灌注區(qū)(左側(cè)為著)及左側(cè)小腦低灌注區(qū),隨著時(shí)間延長,在PLD為2525 ms時(shí),雙側(cè)枕葉低灌注區(qū)面積雖有減小,但仍存在低灌注區(qū),左側(cè)小腦也呈持續(xù)低灌注(圖3)。
PCI包括后循環(huán)梗死和后循環(huán)TIA[1- 2]。后循環(huán)梗死患者可通過DWI序列發(fā)現(xiàn)明確病灶,但是對(duì)于后循環(huán)TIA患者其DWI序列往往呈陰性。隨著磁共振技術(shù)的發(fā)展,灌注成像不僅對(duì)于后循環(huán)TIA患者病灶的檢出有了很大的進(jìn)步,而且可在后循環(huán)梗死早期評(píng)估缺血半暗帶的范圍[7]。但對(duì)于80歲以上的老年P(guān)CI患者,注射外源性對(duì)比劑的灌注成像技術(shù)存在高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性[8],本研究采用無需注射外源性造影劑的磁共振3D-pCASL技術(shù),選用多個(gè)PLD時(shí)間,在得到更多影像學(xué)證據(jù)的同時(shí),降低了老年人注射對(duì)比劑的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
表 2 對(duì)照組與病例組分別在PLD時(shí)間為1525 ms及2525 ms時(shí)前后循環(huán)CBF比較[ml/(100g·min)]
PLD:標(biāo)記后延遲
PLD:post-labeling delay
表 3 對(duì)照組與病例組在兩個(gè)PLD時(shí)間雙側(cè)枕葉、雙側(cè)小腦CBF比較[ml/(100g·min)]
表 4 對(duì)照組與病例組在兩個(gè)PLD時(shí)間間隔中雙側(cè)枕葉、雙側(cè)小腦△CBF比較[ml/(100g·min)]
85歲男性,無腦梗死病灶,近2年無短暫性腦缺血發(fā)作病史
A 85-year-old male without a history of cerebral infarction or transient ischemic attack within the past two years
A.枕葉層面T1WI解剖像;B.PLD時(shí)間為1525 ms時(shí)CBF圖,可見雙側(cè)枕葉存在低灌注區(qū);C.PLD時(shí)間為2525 ms時(shí)CBF圖,可見雙側(cè)枕葉低灌注區(qū)消失;D.小腦層面T1WI解剖像;E.PLD時(shí)間為1525 ms時(shí)CBF圖,未見雙側(cè)小腦存在明顯低灌注區(qū);F. PLD時(shí)間為2525 ms時(shí)CBF圖
A.T1WI anatomic image of occipital lobe;B. hypoperfusion of bilateral occipital lobe in the image of CBF (PLD=1525 ms);C. hypoperfusion of bilateral occipital lobe disappeared in the image of CBF (PLD=2525 ms);D. T1WI anatomic image of cerebellum;E. image of CBF (PLD=1525 ms),and there are no obvious hypoperfusion areas in bilateral cerebellums;F. image of CBF (PLD=2525 ms)
圖 2 正常老年人后循環(huán)不同PLD時(shí)間的CBF圖
Fig 2 CBF image of posterior circulation at different PLD time points of a normal subject
庾建英等[9]的家兔模型實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)灌注成像可能比DWI更早發(fā)現(xiàn)PCI,而Simonsen等[10]發(fā)現(xiàn)灌注成像與DWI聯(lián)合診斷急性缺血性腦卒中,其敏感性可達(dá)97.5%。本研究20例老年P(guān)CI患者中,DWI發(fā)現(xiàn)陽性病灶1例,檢出率為5%;DWI聯(lián)合3D-pCASL發(fā)現(xiàn)低灌注病灶20例,檢出率為100%。因此,DWI聯(lián)合3D-pCASL成像比單獨(dú)DWI在檢測(cè)PCI時(shí)更具優(yōu)勢(shì)。
后循環(huán)系統(tǒng)由椎動(dòng)脈、基底動(dòng)脈、大腦后動(dòng)脈及其分支血管供血[11]。與前循環(huán)相比,后循環(huán)供血血管更加纖細(xì),解剖變異更多,特別是隨著老年人腦血管病危險(xiǎn)因素的增多,后循環(huán)血流更緩慢并且對(duì)腦組織的血液灌注能力更差,這都增加了老年人PCI的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[12]。本研究顯示,正常老年人雖然在短PLD(1525 ms)時(shí)后循環(huán)平均CBF比前循環(huán)低,但是隨著時(shí)間的延長,最終前后循環(huán)的CBF會(huì)達(dá)到相似水平;而對(duì)于老年P(guān)CI患者,后循環(huán)的平均CBF水平較前循環(huán)相比均低,始終不能達(dá)到CBF的正常范圍而呈低灌注狀態(tài)。由此,在探討高年齡段老年人PCI的后循環(huán)CBF時(shí),應(yīng)選用相對(duì)長的PLD時(shí)間,以免將正常老年人的后循環(huán)慢血流誤判為低灌注。
本研究顯示,與對(duì)照組相比,老年P(guān)CI患者在不同延遲時(shí)間時(shí),雙側(cè)枕葉及雙側(cè)小腦的平均CBF均更低。有文獻(xiàn)表明,PCI發(fā)作時(shí)可發(fā)現(xiàn)責(zé)任區(qū)的低灌注,其與血管狹窄或阻塞有密切關(guān)系[13- 14]。由于后循環(huán)腦血流供給不足,CBF下降首先出現(xiàn)腦電功能障礙,隨著CBF進(jìn)一步減少,出現(xiàn)代謝改變甚至膜結(jié)構(gòu)改變,發(fā)生不可逆神經(jīng)元死亡,即腦梗死;若是通過內(nèi)源或外源作用,使得衰竭得以恢復(fù),那么這種可逆性的改變即為一次TIA發(fā)作[15]。本研究顯示,不僅后循環(huán)責(zé)任區(qū)CBF低,老年P(guān)CI患者后循環(huán)整體的腦血流灌注情況均較差,這可能與老年人后循環(huán)腦血流灌注情況不穩(wěn)定、代償能力差、易受多種因素影響有關(guān)[16]。此外,在兩個(gè)PLD的時(shí)間間隔中,老年P(guān)CI患者的后循環(huán)各區(qū)CBF增量與對(duì)照組相比也明顯降低,表明老年患者在PCI發(fā)作時(shí),局部腦組織供血能力減弱。
PCI:后循環(huán)缺血;93歲男性,主訴頭暈伴視物模糊,雙下肢無力,飲水嗆咳,經(jīng)臨床初診為PCI,入院行3D-pCASL及常規(guī)磁共振掃描
PCI:posterior circulation ischemia;a 93-year-old male patient had a complaint about dizziness with blurring of vision,weakness of bilateral lower limbs and deglutition barrier, he was clinically diagnosed as PCI and underwent 3D-pCASL and routine magnetic resonance imaging
A.枕葉層面T1WI解剖像;B.PLD時(shí)間為1525 ms時(shí)CBF圖,可見雙側(cè)枕葉存在低灌注區(qū),以左側(cè)為著;C.PLD時(shí)間為2525 ms時(shí)CBF圖,低灌注區(qū)面積減小但仍存在低灌注區(qū);D.小腦層面T1WI解剖像;E.PLD時(shí)間為1525 ms時(shí)CBF圖,可見左側(cè)小腦存在明顯低灌注區(qū);F. PLD時(shí)間為2525 ms時(shí)CBF圖,左側(cè)小腦低灌注區(qū)仍存在
A.T1WI anatomic image of occipital lobe;B.hypoperfusion of bilateral occipital lobe(especially left side)in the image of CBF (PLD=1525 ms);C.the area of hypoperfusion lesion decreasing but still existing in the image of CBF (PLD=2525 ms);D.T1WI anatomic image of cerebellum;E.hypoperfusion of left cerebellum in the image of CBF (PLD=1525 ms);F.hypoperfusion of left side cerebellum still existing in the image of CBF (PLD=2525 ms)
圖 3 老年P(guān)CI患者不同PLD時(shí)間的CBF圖
Fig 3 CBF image of posterior circulation at different PLD time points of an elderly PCI subject
本研究仍有幾點(diǎn)不足,首先,病例組老年P(guān)CI患者樣本量較小,應(yīng)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)充樣本量進(jìn)行研究;其次,本研究為避免誤差,研究對(duì)象均為老年男性,待樣本量擴(kuò)大將納入老年女性進(jìn)行比較;最后,本研究尚未探討PCI與椎動(dòng)脈及基底動(dòng)脈之間的相關(guān)性。
綜上,3D-pCASL技術(shù)安全可靠,特別是對(duì)于高齡段老年人,在無需引入外源性造影劑的前提下,能夠準(zhǔn)確地檢測(cè)出老年P(guān)CI患者的低灌注病灶,對(duì)老年人PCI的臨床診斷提供影像學(xué)依據(jù)并及時(shí)指導(dǎo)臨床進(jìn)行干預(yù),最終達(dá)到降低老年人后循環(huán)梗死風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的目的。
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Value of 3D Pseudo-continuous Arterial Spin Labeling Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging in Evaluating Posterior Circulation Ischemia in the Elderly
JIA Rui1,XU Xian1,LIU Xinqiu1,WU Bing2,MEN Weiwei3,AN Ningyu1
1Department of Radiology of South Building,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China2Department of MRI,GE Healthcare,Beijing 100176,China3Peking University Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research,Beijing 100871,China
Corresponding author:AN Ningyu Tel:010- 66876358,E-mail:13611304046@163.com
Objective To investigate the value of 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (3D-pCASL) magnetic resonance perfusion technique in evaluating posterior circulation ischemia (PCI) of the elderly beyond 80 years old and to offer the evidence of PCI of the elderly for clinical diagnosis. Methods Totally 53 male subjects older than 80 years were recruited in this study,including 20 subjects with clinically diagnosed PCI and 33 normal subjects. All the subjects underwent routine brain magnetic resonance imaging and 3D-pCASL sequence on a 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging system with 8 channel brain coil. Two post-labeling delay (PLD) time (PLD=1525 ms and PLD=2525 ms) of 3D-pCASL were used in this study to increase the accuracy of cerebral blood flow (CBF) change of posterior circulation region. We used SPM12 software to measure mean CBF values of bilateral occipital lobes and bilateral cerebellums. Independent samplet-test and rank-sum test were performed to evaluate the difference of CBF changes of anterior circulation and posterior circulation in two groups at two PLD time,the difference of CBF changes of bilateral occipital lobes and bilateral cerebellums in two groups of two PLD time,and the difference of increment of CBF between two PLD interval between two groups. Results In case group,the CBF value of the anterior circulation was significantly higher than that of posterior circulation at both two PLD time points (PLD=1525 ms and PLD=2525 ms)(P=0.000,P=0.000);in control group,the CBF value of the anterior circulation was significantly higher than that of the posterior circulation only at PLD=1525ms (P=0.025). The CBF values at bilateral occipital lobes and bilateral cerebellums at two PLD time points (PLD=1525 ms and PLD=2525 ms) were significantly higher in case group than in control group(P=0.003,P=0.002,P=0.000,P=0.001,P=0.000,P=0.001,P=0.002,P=0.014,respectively). Compared with the control group,the difference was statistically significant in bilateral occipital lobes and cerebellums with a smaller △CBF between two PLD interval in case group (P=0.004,P=0.001,P=0.001,P=0.025). Conclusions Multiple PLD time points need to be used in 3D-pCASL in diagnosing PCI of the elderly because the posterior circulation is slow in these patients. 3D-pCASL technique is sensitive in detecting decreased CBF in posterior circulation and therefore can be used to predict posterior circulation stroke in the elderly.
cerebral blood flow;posterior circulation ischemia;3D-pseudo continuous arterial spin labeling;magnetic resonance imaging;the elderly
安寧豫 電話:010- 66876358,電子郵件:13611304046@163.com
R445.2
A
1000- 503X(2017)02- 0272- 08
10.3881/j.issn.1000- 503X.2017.02.018
2016- 11- 28)
中國醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)2017年2期