国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

基于對(duì)比增強(qiáng)流場(chǎng)的2型糖尿病患者頸動(dòng)脈竇區(qū)壁剪應(yīng)力分布分析

2017-06-05 15:20郝楠馨
關(guān)鍵詞:頸動(dòng)脈流場(chǎng)動(dòng)脈

梁 婷,董 云,崔 崢,高 一,魏 穎,劉 怡,張 波,郝楠馨,陳 明

(同濟(jì)大學(xué)附屬東方醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)超聲科,上海 200120)

心臟、血管影像學(xué)

基于對(duì)比增強(qiáng)流場(chǎng)的2型糖尿病患者頸動(dòng)脈竇區(qū)壁剪應(yīng)力分布分析

梁 婷,董 云,崔 崢,高 一,魏 穎,劉 怡,張 波,郝楠馨,陳 明*

(同濟(jì)大學(xué)附屬東方醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)超聲科,上海 200120)

目的 采用對(duì)比增強(qiáng)流場(chǎng)(CEFF)技術(shù)觀察2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者頸動(dòng)脈竇區(qū)壁面剪應(yīng)力(WSS)的分布規(guī)律。方法 選取47例T2DM患者和25名健康志愿者(對(duì)照組),并根據(jù)頸總動(dòng)脈內(nèi)中膜厚度(IMT)將T2DM患者分為IMT正常組(n=21)和IMT增厚組(n=26),采用CEFF分析軟件,計(jì)算頸動(dòng)脈竇區(qū)WSS,繪制相應(yīng)WSS空間分布圖,記錄頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈起始段后壁WSS值并進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。結(jié)果 3組頸動(dòng)脈竇區(qū)均存在兩個(gè)低WSS區(qū)和一個(gè)高WSS區(qū):頸總動(dòng)脈遠(yuǎn)端至頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈起始段后壁存在大范圍低WSS區(qū),頸總動(dòng)脈遠(yuǎn)端前壁存在小范圍低WSS區(qū),頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈起始段前壁為高WSS區(qū)。IMT正常組[(3.39±0.60)dyne/cm2]和IMT增厚組[(2.58±0.46)dyne/cm2]患者頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈后壁WSS值均較對(duì)照組[(3.74±0.53)dyne/cm2]顯著減低(P均<0.05);IMT增厚組較IMT正常組減低(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 CEFF圖像技術(shù)可初步定量檢測(cè)動(dòng)脈WSS,有望早期、可視化評(píng)估頸動(dòng)脈硬化。

頸動(dòng)脈;壁面剪應(yīng)力;糖尿病,2型;對(duì)比增強(qiáng)流場(chǎng);超聲檢查;造影劑

動(dòng)脈血管壁的壁面剪應(yīng)力(wall shear stress, WSS)是指單位面積上由血管內(nèi)壁表面流動(dòng)的液體產(chǎn)生的接近管壁的切向摩擦力,WSS可直接作用于血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞[1],調(diào)節(jié)內(nèi)皮基因表達(dá)[2],改變血管活性介質(zhì)的產(chǎn)生,從而引起血管結(jié)構(gòu)與功能的變化。現(xiàn)已證實(shí)WSS與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化(atherosclerosis, AS)的形成密切相關(guān)[3]。2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)患者易并發(fā)AS,也是AS的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素之一[4]。AS常發(fā)生于大血管分叉或彎曲處,而頸動(dòng)脈竇區(qū)同時(shí)存在分叉和彎曲,為AS的好發(fā)區(qū)域。目前關(guān)于糖尿病患者頸動(dòng)脈竇區(qū)WSS空間分布的報(bào)道較少,因此,本研究采用對(duì)比增強(qiáng)流場(chǎng)(contrast enhanced flow field, CEFF)技術(shù)獲得T2DM患者頸動(dòng)脈竇區(qū)的WSS,分析T2DM頸動(dòng)脈竇WSS的分布規(guī)律,探討CEFF圖像分析技術(shù)評(píng)估頸動(dòng)脈竇區(qū)WSS的價(jià)值。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料 選擇2014年9月—2015年11月間在我院行頸動(dòng)脈超聲檢查的T2DM患者47例,患者均符合2014年美國(guó)糖尿病學(xué)會(huì)診療標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5],根據(jù)病史和目前所使用的藥物,排除高血脂、高血壓、吸煙、服用血管活性藥物及頸動(dòng)脈狹窄等病史,且糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)≥6.5%或空腹血糖(FPG)濃度≥7.0 mmol/L或口服葡萄糖耐量試驗(yàn)(OGTT)2 h血糖濃度≥11.1 mmol/L。根據(jù)頸總動(dòng)脈內(nèi)中膜厚度(intima-media thickness, IMT)將患者分為2組:①IMT正常組(IMT<0.9 mm)21例,其中男15例,女6例,年齡33~69歲,平均(48.2±8.0)歲;②IMT增厚組(0.9 mm≤IMT<1.5 mm)26例,其中男18例,女8例,年齡31~79歲,平均年齡(55.2±13.9)歲。選擇同期與IMT正常組年齡、性別構(gòu)成相匹配的正常人25名作為對(duì)照組,其中男16名,女9名,年齡26~62歲,平均(45.0±8.7)歲。對(duì)照組納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):無(wú)心血管危險(xiǎn)因素如吸煙、高血脂、糖尿病、高血壓及特殊家族史,經(jīng)體格檢查、心電圖及常規(guī)超聲心動(dòng)圖檢查未發(fā)現(xiàn)心臟疾病,心率在60~90次/分。本研究經(jīng)本院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),所有受檢者均簽署知情同意書。

空腹抽取外周靜脈血,測(cè)量受試者的FPG、 HbA1c、總膽固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、甘油三脂(triglyceride, TG)、高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein, HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein, LDL)等,血液標(biāo)本由同一實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)定。測(cè)量并記錄受試者身高、體質(zhì)量、血壓值。

1.2 儀器與方法 采用Esaote MyLab Twice型彩色多普勒超聲診斷儀,LA523探頭,頻率7.5~10.0 MHz。取頸動(dòng)脈長(zhǎng)軸切面,分別測(cè)量左、右側(cè)頸動(dòng)脈分叉處下方約2 cm處頸總動(dòng)脈IMT,包括近側(cè)壁及遠(yuǎn)側(cè)壁共測(cè)量4處,取其平均值。

超聲造影采用LA522探頭,頻率5.0~7.5 MHz。 超聲造影劑為聲諾維,配制濃度為1.5 μg/ml(約6.7×106個(gè)/ml)的微泡懸混液。

所有受試者檢查前平靜休息15 min,取平臥位,充分暴露頸部,頭部偏向?qū)?cè)45°。探頭置于頸部由近心端向遠(yuǎn)心端先橫切、后縱切掃查,從外向內(nèi)掃查血管縱切面,確保超聲切面通過(guò)血管中軸,使頸動(dòng)脈分叉上下各2 cm范圍均在圖像采集范圍內(nèi)。選定最佳造影切面后,經(jīng)患者肘靜脈快速注入2.4 ml造影劑,并跟注5 ml 生理鹽水。盡量保持觀察切面不變,圖像盡量縮小在超聲前場(chǎng)。轉(zhuǎn)換至超聲造影模式,同時(shí)按下計(jì)時(shí)鍵和動(dòng)態(tài)存儲(chǔ)鍵,連續(xù)觀察3 min動(dòng)態(tài)圖像。以上圖像采集均由同1名資深血管超聲醫(yī)師完成。

1.3

圖像分析技術(shù) CEFF圖像分析技術(shù)由同濟(jì)大學(xué)附屬東方醫(yī)院、中國(guó)科學(xué)院深圳先進(jìn)研究院、上海大學(xué)通信與信息工程學(xué)院共同研制,其以超聲粒子圖像測(cè)速(echo particle image velocimetry, E-PIV)為技術(shù)核心,應(yīng)用降噪處理、圖像分割、互相關(guān)技術(shù)、圖像配準(zhǔn)、灰度共振及亞像素精度等信號(hào)處理技術(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)頸動(dòng)脈血管腔內(nèi)血流全流場(chǎng)流體力學(xué)的實(shí)時(shí)高精度定量計(jì)算,并將這種流體力學(xué)改變進(jìn)行可視化處理,實(shí)時(shí)繪制頸動(dòng)脈血管流體的向量視圖,包括血流速度矢量圖、剪應(yīng)力變化等視圖。

1.4 頸動(dòng)脈WSS分布圖及局部WSS值的定量分析 選取左側(cè)頸動(dòng)脈竇區(qū)造影圖像,通過(guò)CEFF技術(shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)血管在一個(gè)心動(dòng)周期內(nèi)二維流場(chǎng)平均血流速度分布及速度梯度分布,計(jì)算WSS值,繪制WSS分布圖(圖1)。筆者在預(yù)備試驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn),頸動(dòng)脈竇二維超聲圖像中頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈起始段后壁的超聲圖像相對(duì)較為清晰,CEFF圖像分析技術(shù)采集相關(guān)圖像的WSS值可重復(fù)性相對(duì)較好,此區(qū)域亦為頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊的好發(fā)區(qū)域[6],故選擇在左側(cè)頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈起始段至其遠(yuǎn)心端0.5 cm處的后壁圖像中截取ROI,用于定量分析WSS值(圖1)。另采用CEFF技術(shù)計(jì)算對(duì)照組左側(cè)頸動(dòng)脈分叉處下方1.5~2.0 cm處頸總動(dòng)脈WSS平均值,與采用傳統(tǒng)Hagen-Poiseuille公式計(jì)算相同區(qū)域的WSS值進(jìn)行比較。隨機(jī)抽取15名受試者,由同1名檢查者間隔1天后重復(fù)采集頸動(dòng)脈超聲造影圖像,測(cè)量頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈起始段后壁WSS值。

1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析 采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)分析軟件,計(jì)量資料以±s表示;CEFF技術(shù)與Hagen-Poiseuille公式法WSS值如服從正態(tài)分布,采用配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn),如不服從正態(tài)分布則采用Satterthwaite近似t檢驗(yàn);3組間計(jì)量資料比較采用單因素方差分析,如方差不齊則采用單向分類方差分析,如方差齊則采用LSD法行兩兩比較。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。采用Bland-Altman法分析同一檢查者2次測(cè)量WSS值的誤差。

2 結(jié)果

3組受檢者一般資料見表1。3組血壓、TG差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均>0.05);IMT正常組和IMT增厚組患者的體質(zhì)量指數(shù)、TC、HbA1c均高于對(duì)照組(P均<0.05),HDL低于對(duì)照組(P均<0.05);IMT增厚組年齡及IMT高于IMT正常組(P均<0.05)和對(duì)照組(P均<0.05);IMT增厚組LDL高于對(duì)照組(P<0.001);3組間HDL兩兩比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.05),見表2。

對(duì)照組采用CEFF技術(shù)測(cè)得的左側(cè)頸總動(dòng)脈血流WSS值為(7.13±0.55)dyne/cm2,傳統(tǒng)Hagen-Poiseuille公式法結(jié)果為(7.48±1.14)dyne/cm2,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=1.462,P=0.157)。

對(duì)照組與IMT正常組和IMT增厚組頸動(dòng)脈竇區(qū)WSS分布模式相同,均存在2個(gè)低WSS區(qū)和1個(gè)高WSS區(qū):頸總動(dòng)脈遠(yuǎn)端至頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈起始段后壁存在大范圍低WSS區(qū),頸總動(dòng)脈遠(yuǎn)端前壁存在小范圍低WSS區(qū),頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈起始段前壁為高WSS區(qū)(圖2)。

CEFF圖像分析技術(shù)所測(cè)3組頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈起始段后壁WSS值見表1,3組間兩兩比較結(jié)果見表2,IMT正常組和IMT增厚組的WSS值低于對(duì)照組(P均<0.05),且IMT正常組與IMT增厚組的WSS值差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001)。

Bland-Altman分析頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈起始段WSS值結(jié)果顯示,同一檢查者兩次測(cè)量的一致性較好(圖3)。

表1 3組臨床資料比較(±s)

表1 3組臨床資料比較(±s)

組別年齡(歲)SBP(mmHg)DBP(mmHg)體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(kg/m2)TC(mmol/L)TG(mmol/L)IMT正常組(n=21)48.2±8.0120.4±7.976.8±7.925.8±2.04.27±0.791.23±0.44IMT增厚組(n=26)55.2±13.9117.5±7.775.1±7.724.9±1.94.55±0.621.26±0.28對(duì)照組(n=25)45.0±8.7115.8±7.672.2±6.923.1±2.13.38±0.691.32±0.39F值6.0172.1182.2655.88719.3230.374P值0.0040.1280.1110.004<0.0010.689組別HDL(mmol/L)LDL(mmol/L)FPG(mmol/L)HbA1c(%)IMT(mm)WSS(dyne/cm2)IMT正常組(n=21)1.08±0.212.77±0.6015.03±0.4912.05±2.670.79±0.043.39±0.60IMT增厚組(n=26)0.97±0.123.01±0.3211.44±3.6512.10±2.641.14±0.172.58±0.46對(duì)照組(n=25)1.26±0.202.53±0.465.19±0.495.16±0.560.77±0.053.74±0.53F值16.8496.92529.91482.85793.30931.793P值<0.0010.002<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001

注:SBP:收縮壓;DBP:舒張壓

表2 3組間均數(shù)兩兩比較P值(LSD法)

圖1 CEFF技術(shù)分析健康志愿者頸動(dòng)脈竇區(qū)造影圖像

圖3 Bland-Altman法分析同一檢查者兩次測(cè)量頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈起始段WSS值的散點(diǎn)圖

3 討論

WSS是流動(dòng)血液作用于內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞壁的摩擦力[7],低WSS可以作為胞外信號(hào)調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)錄基因,激發(fā)AS表型表達(dá)[8];又可直接作用于動(dòng)脈壁內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞,刺激動(dòng)脈壁內(nèi)中膜增厚導(dǎo)致AS[9-10]。T2DM通過(guò)糖化終產(chǎn)物引起血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞炎癥及血栓性反應(yīng),使患者血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞容易受損,從而更易進(jìn)展為AS,在該過(guò)程中,WSS的病理性改變也起到促進(jìn)作用[11-12]。既往多采用Hagen-Poiseuille公式法粗略計(jì)算整條血管的平均WSS值,對(duì)于頸動(dòng)脈竇等復(fù)雜血管區(qū)域無(wú)法評(píng)估WSS的分布狀況,目前僅少量研究報(bào)道采用超聲[13-14]或MR[15-16]方法嘗試觀察動(dòng)脈WSS分布。

E-PIV技術(shù)是粒子圖像測(cè)速(particle image velocimetry, PIV)技術(shù)與超聲波影像技術(shù)相結(jié)合,以超聲造影微泡作為流場(chǎng)示蹤粒子,利用速度向量計(jì)算獲得流場(chǎng)信息[17]。本研究所采用的CEFF技術(shù)屬E-PIV分析的一種改進(jìn)方法,CEFF技術(shù)采用圖像互相關(guān)模板匹配算法,通過(guò)亞像素邊緣檢測(cè)方法增加計(jì)算精度,采用中值濾波進(jìn)行速度矢量修正,從而使速度測(cè)量的精確度較傳統(tǒng)E-PIV有大幅提高;在具備高空間分辨率的同時(shí),還能記錄整個(gè)測(cè)量平面內(nèi)流體流動(dòng)的信息,且在時(shí)間維度上,記錄多幅連續(xù)測(cè)量結(jié)果,適用于研究血管分叉處渦流、湍流等復(fù)雜流動(dòng)及其隨時(shí)間的變化[18]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)所有受檢者頸總動(dòng)脈遠(yuǎn)端至頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈起始段后壁存在大范圍低WSS區(qū),頸總動(dòng)脈遠(yuǎn)端前壁存在小范圍低WSS區(qū),頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈起始段前壁為高WSS區(qū),此WSS分布模式與既往研究[19-20]報(bào)道相符。

本研究比較CEFF技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)Hagen-Poiseuille公式法計(jì)算頸總動(dòng)脈WSS值,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=1.462,P=0.157),Hagen-Poiseuille公式法計(jì)算管腔規(guī)則、血流平穩(wěn)的頸總動(dòng)脈WSS值準(zhǔn)確性較高,提示CEFF技術(shù)計(jì)算的WSS值同樣可信。本研究對(duì)受試者頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈起始段后壁WSS進(jìn)行定量測(cè)量,發(fā)現(xiàn)與對(duì)照組比較,T2DM患者WSS降低發(fā)生在IMT增厚之前,提示在AS形成與發(fā)展進(jìn)程中,血管壁力學(xué)性質(zhì)的改變可能發(fā)生于血管壁解剖學(xué)的顯著變化之前。而IMT增厚患者的WSS進(jìn)一步降低,提示低WSS與IMT增厚可能有相互促進(jìn)作用。

本研究的局限性:本研究納入的T2DM患者病程為5~18年,F(xiàn)PG值亦不等,未根據(jù)病程、FPG值分組,也未討論病程和FPG對(duì)WSS的影響;為便于組間比較,本研究所測(cè)頸動(dòng)脈WSS值以一個(gè)心動(dòng)周期WSS平均值表示,未將心動(dòng)周期不同時(shí)相的動(dòng)態(tài)WSS值列出;樣本量較小,可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)一定的分析誤差;未進(jìn)行不同檢查者間測(cè)量誤差的分析。今后將進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大樣本量,對(duì)接受血糖控制治療的患者進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)期隨訪,更準(zhǔn)確地評(píng)價(jià)CEFF技術(shù)的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。

綜上所述,CEFF圖像技術(shù)可初步定量檢測(cè)動(dòng)脈WSS,有望早期、可視化評(píng)估頸動(dòng)脈AS。

[1] Oshinski JN, Curtin JL, Loth F. Mean-average wall shear stress measurements in the common carotid artery. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson, 2006,8(5):717-722.

[2] Chan SY, White K, Loscalzo J. Deciphering the molecular basis of human cardiovascular disease through network biology. Curr Opin Cardiol, 2012,27(3):202-209.

[3] Doriot PA. Some unusual considerations about vessel walls and wall stresses. J Theor Biol, 2003,221(1):133-141.

[4] Sarwar N, Gao P, Seshasai SR, et al. Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: A collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. Lancet, 2010,375(9733):2215-2222.

[5] American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2014. Diabetes Care, 2014,37(Suppl 1):S14-S80.

[6] Harloff A. Carotid plaque hemodynamics. Interv Neurol, 2012,1(1):44-54.

[7] Davies PF. Hemodynamic shear stress and the endothelium in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med, 2009,6(1):16-26.

[8] Malek AM, Alper SL, Izumo S. Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis. JAMA, 1999,282(21):2035-2042.

[9] Rossi J, Rouleau L, Tardif JC, et al. Effect of simvastatin on Kruppel-like factor 2, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and thrombomodulin expression in endothelial cells under shear stress. Life Sci, 2010,87(3-4):92-99.

[10] Cunningham KS, Gotlieb AI. The role of shear stress in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Lab Invest, 2005,85(1):9-23.

[11] Maria Z, Yin W, Rubenstein DA. Combined effects of physiologically relevant disturbed wall shear stress and glycated albumin on endothelial cell functions associated with inflammation, thrombosis and cytoskeletal dynamics. J Diabetes Investig, 2014,5(4):372-381.

[12] Shah AS, Urbina EM, Khoury PR, et al. Lipids and lipoprotein ratios: Contribution to carotid intima media thickness in adolescents and young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Lipidol, 2013,7(5):441-445.

[13] Wang C, Chen M, Liu SL, et al. Spatial distribution of wall shear stress in common carotid artery by color Doppler flow imaging. J Digit Imaging, 2013,26(3):466-471.

[14] 張玲,陳曉旭,周欣彤,等.利用血流剪應(yīng)力定量分析軟件評(píng)價(jià)頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化.中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)影像技術(shù),2014,30(2):214-218.

[15] Papathanasopoulou P, Zhao S, K?hler U, et al. MRI measurement of time-resolved wall shear stress vectors in a carotid bifurcation model, and comparison with CFD predictions. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2003,17(2):153-162.

[16] Papaioannou TG, Stefanadis C. Vascular wall shear stress: Basic principles and methods. Hellenic J Cardiol, 2005,46(1):9-15.

[17] Zheng H, Barker A, Shandas R. Predicting backscatter characteristics from micron-and submicron-scale ultrasound contrast agents using a size-integration technique. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control, 2006,53(3):639-644.

[18] Kim HB, Hertzberg J, Lanning C, et al. Noninvasive measurement of steady and pulsating velocity profiles and shear rates in arteries using echo PIV: In vitro validation studies. Ann Biomed Eng, 2004,32(8):1067-1076.

[19] Younis HF, Kaazempur-Mofrad MR, Chan RC, et al. Hemodynamics and wall mechanics in human carotid bifurcation and its consequences for atherogenesis: Investigation of inter-individual variation. Biomech Model Mechanobiol, 2004,3(1):17-32.

[20] Zhao SZ, Ariff B, Long Q, et al. Inter-individual variations in wall shear stress and mechanical stress distributions at the carotid artery bifurcation of healthy humans. J Biomech, 2002,35(10):1367-1377.

Wall shear stress distribution in carotid sinus of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients based on contrast enhanced flow field

LIANGTing,DONGYun,CUIZheng,GAOYi,WEIYing,LIUYi,ZHANGBo,HAONanxin,CHENMing*

(DepartmentofUltrasonography,ShanghaiEastHospitalofTongjiUniversity,Shanghai200120,China)

Objective To investigate the application of wall shear stress (WSS) in the carotid sinus of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and analyze the spatial distribution of WSS with contrast enhanced flow field (CEFF) quantitative visualization analysis software. Methods Totally 47 T2DM patients and 25 healthy subjects were investigated. According to the intima-media thickness (IMT) of common carotid artery (CCA), the T2DM patients were divided into IMT normal group (n=21) and IMT thickening group (n=26). WSS in the carotid sinus was calculated by CEFF analysis software, the corresponding spatial distribution maps of WSS were designed. WSS of the posterior wall of internal carotid artery (ICA) was recorded and statistical analysis. Results Both in the carotid sinus of healthy subjects and T2DM patients, there were two low WSS regions and one high WSS region. There were a large region of low WSS at the posterior wall of CCA and ICA, a small region of low WSS at the anterior wall of CCA, and a high WSS region at the anterior wall of ICA. The WSS at the posterior wall of ICA both in the IMT normal group [(3.39±0.60)dynes/cm2] and IMT thickening group [(2.58±0.46)dynes/cm2] were significantly lower than that in control group ([3.74±0.53]dynes/cm2, bothP<0.05). WSS in IMT thickening group was lower than that in IMT normal group (P<0.05). Conclusion CEFF quantitative visualization analysis might constitute an approach to assess the presence of early-stage arteriosclerosis by measuring the WSS in the carotid sinus.

Carotid artery; Wall shear stress; Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Contrast enhanced flow field; Ultrasonography; Contrast media

上海市衛(wèi)生和計(jì)劃生育委員會(huì)科研課題面上項(xiàng)目(201440335)、東方起航計(jì)劃科研項(xiàng)目青年基金(DFQH-Q16)。

梁婷(1984—),女,河北滄州人,碩士,主治醫(yī)師。研究方向:超聲造影、腫瘤熱消融。E-mail: liangtingdfyy@163.com

陳明,同濟(jì)大學(xué)附屬東方醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)超聲科,200120。E-mail: mingchen1283@vip.163.com

2016-09-26

2017-02-13

10.13929/j.1003-3289.201609122

R587.1; R445.1

A

1003-3289(2017)04-0529-05

猜你喜歡
頸動(dòng)脈流場(chǎng)動(dòng)脈
車門關(guān)閉過(guò)程的流場(chǎng)分析
胰十二指腸上動(dòng)脈前支假性動(dòng)脈瘤1例
頸總動(dòng)脈高位分叉、舌動(dòng)脈與面動(dòng)脈共干1例
MTHFR C677T基因多態(tài)性與頸動(dòng)脈狹窄及其側(cè)支循環(huán)形成的關(guān)系
上頜動(dòng)脈終末支參與眼球血供1例
基于深度學(xué)習(xí)的頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊成分識(shí)別
超聲評(píng)價(jià)頸動(dòng)脈支架植入術(shù)后支架貼壁不良的價(jià)值
單側(cè)“腋深動(dòng)脈”變異1例
超聲對(duì)頸動(dòng)脈蹼的識(shí)別意義探討
基于CFD新型噴射泵內(nèi)流場(chǎng)數(shù)值分析