劉 吟,沈佳慶
蘇州大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院消化科,江蘇 蘇州 215006
CD3-CD16+CD56+NK細(xì)胞水平變化在急性胰腺炎嚴(yán)重程度預(yù)測(cè)中的作用
劉 吟,沈佳慶
蘇州大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院消化科,江蘇 蘇州 215006
目的 分析急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis, AP)發(fā)病早期CD3-CD16+CD56+NK細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)在AP嚴(yán)重程度預(yù)測(cè)中的作用。 方法 采用流式細(xì)胞儀熒光抗體標(biāo)記法分別對(duì)164例AP患者的外周血單核細(xì)胞進(jìn)行CD3、CD16、CD56熒光抗體標(biāo)記,分析比較AP患者CD3-CD16+CD56+NK細(xì)胞在外周血單核細(xì)胞中的百分比和計(jì)數(shù)情況,及其與AP嚴(yán)重程度的關(guān)系。用ROC曲線和AUC評(píng)價(jià)CD3-CD16+CD56+NK細(xì)胞在外周血單核細(xì)胞中的百分比和計(jì)數(shù)對(duì)SAP的診斷價(jià)值。結(jié)果 與正常對(duì)照組相比,MAP組、MSAP組和SAP組的CD3-CD16+CD56+百分比和計(jì)數(shù)均顯著下降,各組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。CD3-CD16+CD56+細(xì)胞百分比的AUC為0.86(95%CI:0.745~0.973),取值≤5.27%時(shí),特異性為0.92,敏感性為0.79;CD3-CD16+CD56+細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)的AUC為0.89(95%CI:0.808~0.961),取值≤0.056×109/L時(shí)特異性為0.90,敏感性為0.79。結(jié)論 CD3-CD16+CD56+NK細(xì)胞在外周血單核細(xì)胞中的百分比和細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)對(duì)SAP早期診斷有一定的價(jià)值。
急性胰腺炎;CD3-CD16+CD56+NK細(xì)胞;早期診斷
急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis, AP)是消化內(nèi)科常見病,目前發(fā)病率有逐年上升的趨勢(shì)。根據(jù)嚴(yán)重程度可將其分為三類:輕度急性胰腺炎(mild AP, MAP)、中度急性胰腺炎(moderate-severe AP, MSAP)和重度急性胰腺炎(severe AP, SAP)。MAP經(jīng)保守治療后可獲治愈,而SAP不但表現(xiàn)為胰腺局部的壞死病變,還出現(xiàn)全身炎癥反應(yīng)(systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SIRS)和多器官功能障礙(multiple organ dysfunction, MODS),具有較高的死亡率[1-2]。炎癥細(xì)胞及其分泌的細(xì)胞因子在AP發(fā)病過程中起到重要作用。自然殺傷細(xì)胞(NK細(xì)胞)作為機(jī)體非特異性免疫系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,在機(jī)體抗病毒、抗腫瘤及免疫調(diào)節(jié)中起著重要作用,但其在AP中的作用目前尚未完全闡明[3]。本研究在收集AP發(fā)病早期CD3-CD16+CD56+NK細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,分析其在AP嚴(yán)重程度預(yù)測(cè)中的作用。
1.1 一般資料收集2014年1月-2014年12月蘇州大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院收治的AP患者164例,男93例,女71例,年齡24~91歲,平均年齡(55±17)歲。AP的診斷及嚴(yán)重程度的判定參照《中國急性胰腺炎診治指南》[4],并將患者分為MAP組(103例)、MSAP組(47例)和SAP組(14例)。各組間年齡、性別及發(fā)病原因比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。對(duì)照組22名,為健康體檢成人,男12名,女10名,年齡26~64歲,平均年齡(45±13)歲。
1.2 NK細(xì)胞檢測(cè)所有患者均在發(fā)病24 h內(nèi)確診,并在發(fā)病48 h內(nèi)收集外周血用于檢測(cè)NK細(xì)胞。CD3-CD16+CD56+NK細(xì)胞在外周血單核細(xì)胞中的百分比及計(jì)數(shù)采用美國BD公司FACSACaliburFCM流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè),試劑(包括CD3抗體、CD16抗體和CD56抗體)購自美國BD公司。
2.1 各組外周血單核細(xì)胞中NK細(xì)胞百分比及計(jì)數(shù)
與正常對(duì)照組(17.5±3.10)%相比,MAP組(15.61±4.85)%、MSAP組(8.59±5.10)%和SAP組(6.35±4.73)%的CD3-CD16+CD56+NK細(xì)胞百分比均顯著下降,各組間差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);與對(duì)照組(0.26±0.08)×109/L相比,MAP組(0.23±0.10)×109/L、MSAP組(0.09±0.08)×109/L和SAP組(0.06±0.55)×109/L CD3-CD16+CD56+NK細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)均顯著下降(P<0.05,見圖1)。
注:*P<0.05。
圖1 AP患者發(fā)病48 h內(nèi)CD3-CD16+CD56+細(xì)胞在外周血單核細(xì)胞中的百分比(A)及計(jì)數(shù)(B)
Fig 1 The percentage (A) and count (B) of CD3-CD16+CD56+NK cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells onset within the first 48 hours of AP patients
2.2 ROC曲線及AUC結(jié)果通過繪制ROC曲線,評(píng)價(jià)CD3-CD16+CD56+細(xì)胞在外周血單核細(xì)胞中的百分比和細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)對(duì)SAP的早期診斷價(jià)值:CD3-CD16+CD56+細(xì)胞百分比的AUC為0.86(95%CI: 0.745~0.973);取值≤5.27%時(shí),特異性是0.92,敏感性是0.79;CD3-CD16+CD56+細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)的AUC為0.89(95%CI:0.808~0.961);取值≤0.056×109/L時(shí),特異性是0.90,敏感性是0.79。提示CD3-CD16+CD56+細(xì)胞百分比和細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)對(duì)SAP具有一定的診斷價(jià)值(見圖2)。
NK細(xì)胞是一類具有自發(fā)細(xì)胞毒活性的細(xì)胞,對(duì)靶細(xì)胞的識(shí)別不具有主要組織相容性復(fù)合物(major histocompatibity complex, MHC)限制性,先致敏即可直接殺傷腫瘤細(xì)胞,也可分泌細(xì)胞因子調(diào)節(jié)其他免疫細(xì)胞的功能,是機(jī)體天然免疫的主要承擔(dān)者,人類NK細(xì)胞的分化抗原有CD16、CD56、CD94、CD96、CD161、CD162R 和CD244 等。CD16 在NK 細(xì)胞表達(dá)陽性率90%,CD56 在NK 細(xì)胞表達(dá)陽性率>95%,而CD3往往不表達(dá)所以目前臨床上將CD3-CD56+CD16+淋巴樣細(xì)胞認(rèn)定為NK 細(xì)胞[5]。NK 細(xì)胞在炎癥發(fā)生過程中發(fā)揮重要作用,其不但對(duì)靶細(xì)胞有溶解殺傷作用,還可以通過對(duì)巨噬細(xì)胞、粒細(xì)胞、樹突狀細(xì)胞的調(diào)節(jié)作用控制天然免疫,并作用于CD4+T細(xì)胞和CD8+T細(xì)胞以強(qiáng)化特異性免疫?;罨腘K 細(xì)胞可以通過分泌細(xì)胞因子(如腫瘤壞死因子α和干擾素γ等)誘導(dǎo)炎癥反應(yīng),調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞增殖及單核/巨噬細(xì)胞和粒細(xì)胞的功能[6]。
圖2 CD3-CD16+CD56+細(xì)胞在外周血單核細(xì)胞中的百分比及計(jì)數(shù)對(duì)SAP早期診斷價(jià)值的ROC曲線分析
Fig 2ROCcurves analysis on the early diagnostic value of percentage and count of CD3-CD16+CD56+NK cells in SAP
AP發(fā)病初期,多種致病因素引起胰酶在胰腺內(nèi)激活,并引起胰腺組織自身炎癥反應(yīng)甚至胰腺組織壞死,進(jìn)而激活炎癥細(xì)胞釋放大量炎癥介質(zhì),引發(fā)全身炎癥反應(yīng)和多器官功能受損[7-8]。本研究結(jié)果顯示AP時(shí)CD3-CD16+CD56+細(xì)胞在外周血單核細(xì)胞中的百分比和計(jì)數(shù)均明顯下降。按照最新的AP診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著AP的臨床嚴(yán)重程度增加[9],CD3-CD16+CD56+細(xì)胞的百分比和計(jì)數(shù)均逐漸下降,提示其與AP嚴(yán)重程度呈相關(guān)性,并提示NK細(xì)胞在AP的發(fā)病過程中也發(fā)揮非常重要的作用,但其具體機(jī)制仍待進(jìn)一步研究。
SAP可出現(xiàn)胰腺壞死出血,激發(fā)感染、腹膜炎和休克,甚至出現(xiàn)多器官功能衰竭,病死率較高。因此,早期明確SAP,不僅有助于給予患者及時(shí)的支持治療和密切的臨床監(jiān)測(cè),還有助于防止嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥(如休克、感染等)的發(fā)生,從而改善其預(yù)后[10]。目前常用的判斷AP嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后的方法主要包括:臨床評(píng)分系統(tǒng)、影像學(xué)檢測(cè)和實(shí)驗(yàn)室生化指標(biāo)等,但這些常用指標(biāo)均存在各種缺陷,如計(jì)算復(fù)雜或時(shí)間滯后等[11]。本研究中ROC曲線顯示CD3-CD16+CD56+細(xì)胞百分比及細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)對(duì)SAP的早期診斷具有一定價(jià)值。
本研究顯示AP 時(shí)CD3-CD16+CD56+細(xì)胞百分比及細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)存在下降的現(xiàn)象,提示NK 細(xì)胞在AP發(fā)病中起重要作用。且采血于發(fā)病48 h內(nèi),故可用于AP嚴(yán)重程度的早期預(yù)測(cè)。
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(責(zé)任編輯:李 健)
Effect of CD3-CD16+CD56+NK cell counting in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis
LIU Yin, SHEN Jiaqing
Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
Objective To analyze the CD3-CD16+CD56+NK cell counts of patients in the early stage of acute pancreatitis (AP), and analyze its role in the prediction of AP severity.Methods All of 164 AP patients were enrolled in the study. By labeling CD3, CD56, CD16 fluorescent antibodies, the percentage and counts of CD3-CD16+CD56+NK cell in peripheral blood mononuclear cell were analyzed by flow cytometry. The relationship between CD3-CD16+CD56+NK cell percentage and counts and the severity of AP was analyzed.ROCcurves andAUCwere used to evaluate the diagnostic value of CD3-CD16+CD56+NK cells in severe AP (SAP).Results Compared with normal control group, CD3-CD16+CD56+NK cell percentage and counts were significantly reduced in AP patients. The obvious differences were also found among MAP group, MSAP group and SAP group (P<0.05). CD3-CD16+CD56+NK cell percentage of theAUCwas 0.86 (95%CI: 0.745~0.973). When the value was less than or equal to 5.27%, specificity was 0.92, sensitivity was 0.79. CD3-CD16+CD56+NK cells count of theAUCwas 0.89 (95%CI: 0.808~0.961). When the value was less than or equal to 0.056×109/L, specificity was 0.90, sensitivity was 0.79.Conclusion The percentage and counts of CD3-CD16+CD56+NK cell in peripheral blood mononuclear cells may have a diagnostic value for early diagnosis of SAP.
Acute pancreatitis; CD3-CD16+CD56+NK cell; Early diagnosis
國家自然科學(xué)基金青年項(xiàng)目(81300375);蘇州市科技發(fā)展項(xiàng)目(SYS201333)
劉吟,醫(yī)師,E-mail:0930506123@suda.edu.cn
沈佳慶,博士,主治醫(yī)師,研究方向:胰腺炎的臨床與基礎(chǔ)研究。E-mail:sjqsz@126.com
10.3969/j.issn.1006-5709.2017.01.026
R576
A
1006-5709(2017)01-0093-03
2016-03-09