李 琴,謝 瓊
(華中科技大學(xué)同濟(jì)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬荊州醫(yī)院耳鼻喉科,湖北 荊州 434020)
真菌性鼻竇炎大鼠鼻竇黏膜組織Maspin、IKKα表達(dá)水平及意義
李 琴,謝 瓊*
(華中科技大學(xué)同濟(jì)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬荊州醫(yī)院耳鼻喉科,湖北 荊州 434020)
目的 探討真菌性鼻竇炎(FRS)大鼠鼻竇黏膜組織Maspin、IKKα表達(dá)水平及意義。方法 40只SD級大鼠建立真菌性鼻竇炎模型,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為鼻塞組、FRS組、免疫抑制劑組、侵襲性FRS組,每組各10只,另選擇10只健康大鼠作為空白對照組;對照組正常喂養(yǎng);鼻塞組僅鼻腔塞入止血棉,腹腔與鼻腔內(nèi)給予等體積0.9% NaCl注射液;FRS組腹腔注射等量0.9% NaCl注射液,鼻腔注射煙曲霉菌孢子懸液;免疫抑制劑組腹腔注射環(huán)磷酰胺,鼻腔內(nèi)注射等量0.9% NaCl注射液;侵襲性FRS組腹腔注射環(huán)磷酰胺、鼻腔注射煙曲霉菌孢子懸液建立侵襲性FRS大鼠模型。采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)檢測血清白細(xì)胞介素6(IL-6)、腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF-α)表達(dá)水平;免疫組織化學(xué)染色法檢測各組大鼠鼻腔組織Maspin、IKKα蛋白表達(dá)水平,熒光定量PCR法檢測各組大鼠鼻腔組織Maspin mRNA、IKKα mRNA表達(dá)水平。結(jié)果 各組大鼠血清IL-6、TNF-α表達(dá)水平比較差異有顯著性(P< 0.05),其中FRS組血清IL-6、TNF-α顯著高于對照組、鼻塞組、免疫抑制劑組和侵襲性FRS組【(69.3±10.9)ng/L vs(45.2±7.1) ng/L,(46.4±6.7) ng/L,(21.3±4.5) ng/L,(20.9±4.3) ng/L;(30.4±4.8) ng/L vs(14.8±2.7) ng/L,(13.9±1.4) ng/L,(7.9±0.6) ng/L,(7.8±0.4) ng/L】(P< 0.05),對照組血清IL-6、TNF-α又顯著高于免疫抑制劑組和侵襲性FRS組(P<0.05),免疫抑制劑組、侵襲性FRS組間血清IL-6、TNF-α表達(dá)水平比較差異無顯著性(P> 0.05)。免疫組織化學(xué)染色結(jié)果顯示FRS組、侵襲性FRS組Maspin蛋白表達(dá)水平顯著低于對照組、鼻塞組、免疫抑制劑組,IKKα蛋白表達(dá)水平顯著高于對照組、鼻塞組、免疫抑制劑組(P< 0.05);其中侵襲性FRS組Maspin蛋白表達(dá)顯著低于FRS組,IKKα蛋白表達(dá)則顯著高于FRS組(P< 0.05)。FRS組、侵襲性FRS組Maspin mRNA表達(dá)水平顯著低于對照組、鼻塞組、免疫抑制劑組,IKKα mRNA表達(dá)水平顯著高于對照組、鼻塞組、免疫抑制劑組(P< 0.05);其中侵襲性FRS組Maspin mRNA表達(dá)顯著低于FRS組,IKKα mRNA表達(dá)顯著高于FRS組(P< 0.05)。結(jié)論 IKKα活化后下調(diào)Maspin表達(dá)是導(dǎo)致FRS發(fā)病的主要原因,這一過程可能也是侵襲性FRS分子作用機(jī)制之一。
真菌性鼻竇炎;侵襲性真菌性鼻竇炎;乳腺絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑;IκB激酶α;侵襲;細(xì)胞因子
近年來隨著廣譜抗菌藥物、免疫抑制劑、激素等廣泛使用,導(dǎo)致真菌性感染疾病發(fā)生率呈上升趨勢[1,2],其中真菌性鼻竇炎(fungal rhinosinusitis,F(xiàn)RS)是常見的真菌感染性疾病。按照組織侵犯程度不同,F(xiàn)RS分為侵襲性FRS和非侵襲性FRS兩種類型[3],侵襲性FRS病情較重,一旦急性發(fā)病可以在短時間內(nèi)向周圍毗鄰器官侵襲而導(dǎo)致患者死亡,因此掌握侵襲性FRS的發(fā)病機(jī)制,對制訂預(yù)防措施、改善患者預(yù)后具有重要意義。導(dǎo)致FRS的誘因較多,其中免疫功能與FRS的發(fā)病、疾病分型密切相關(guān)。當(dāng)患者免疫功能低下時,極易誘發(fā)FRS,因此器官移植、老年人群、長期使用糖皮質(zhì)激素者均是FRS感染的高發(fā)人群[4]。國外研究[5]證實(shí)乳腺絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑(mammary serine proteinase inhibitor,Maspin)是導(dǎo)致真菌侵襲的主要病毒素;而最近研究發(fā)現(xiàn)IκB激酶α(IκB kinase α,IKKα)在晚期惡性腫瘤中能夠被炎性因子激活[6],進(jìn)而下調(diào)Maspin蛋白的表達(dá),最終介導(dǎo)腫瘤的浸潤轉(zhuǎn)移。然而在FRS中是否存在炎性介質(zhì)介導(dǎo)IKKα活化,并下調(diào)Maspin蛋白這一過程目前尚不得而知。鑒于此,本研究對FRS大鼠呼吸道上皮細(xì)胞炎性因子、IKKα、Maspin表達(dá)情況進(jìn)行研究,旨在探討侵襲性FRS的發(fā)病機(jī)制,現(xiàn)將研究成果總結(jié)如下。
1.1 材料
50只雄SD級性Wistar大鼠【SCXK(鄂)2015-009】均購自華中科技大學(xué)同濟(jì)醫(yī)學(xué)院動物實(shí)驗(yàn)中心【SYXK(鄂)2014-0049】,周齡10 ~ 14周,平均(12.5±3.1)周,體質(zhì)量240 ~ 260 g,平均(252±5)g;于20 ~ 22℃、相對濕度55%的條件下籠中飼養(yǎng),12 h晝夜交替,所有大鼠飲用水均經(jīng)過高溫滅菌處理,所有大鼠自由進(jìn)食進(jìn)水。本實(shí)驗(yàn)經(jīng)醫(yī)院動物倫理委員會批準(zhǔn)。
1.2 試劑與儀器
煙曲霉菌AF293由本實(shí)驗(yàn)室按照美國臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)室標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化研究所標(biāo)準(zhǔn)自制,培養(yǎng)基購自青島科瑞培養(yǎng)基有限公司,IKKα、Maspin單克隆抗體購自圣克魯斯生物技術(shù)公司(美國),RT逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒購自羅氏公司,羊抗兔IgG抗體購自武漢博士德生物工程有限公司, 白細(xì)胞介素6(interleukelin-6,IL-6)、腫瘤壞死因子α(tumor necrosis factor α,TNF-α)購自上?;鈱?shí)業(yè)有限公司;熒光定量PCR儀購自美國ABI公司,倒置顯微鏡購自日本奧林巴斯公司。
1.3 方法
1.3.1 動物分組與模型建立
將50只大鼠按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為5組:空白對照組、鼻塞組、FRS組、免疫抑制劑組、侵襲性FRS組,各10只。首先將煙曲霉菌AF293在培養(yǎng)基中以37℃條件下培養(yǎng)5 ~ 7 d,再將分生孢子收集后用磷酸緩沖鹽溶液(phosphate buffer saline,PBS)沖洗,以離心力800 g離心10 min后再次用PBS洗滌,取得煙曲霉菌孢子懸液,調(diào)整細(xì)胞懸液濃度1×107個/mL??瞻讓φ战M:不做任何處理,正常喂養(yǎng)。侵襲性FRS組:大鼠腹腔注射水合氯醛(濃度10%)3 mL/kg,待大鼠完全麻醉,將面積約為2 mm × 2 mm × 10 mm 大小的Merocel 高分子止血棉(美國施美德公司)塞入大鼠左側(cè)鼻腔,至第7日腹腔注射環(huán)磷酰胺100 mg/kg,每3日 1次,連續(xù)注射2次;至第11日大鼠吸入乙醚麻醉,將煙曲霉菌孢子懸液50 μL緩慢注射至左側(cè)鼻腔。第13日局部檢測鼻腔分泌物,以病原菌培養(yǎng)存在煙曲霉菌作為建模成功的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。鼻塞組:僅在大鼠左側(cè)鼻腔塞入Merocel 高分子止血棉,腹腔與鼻腔內(nèi)給予等體積0.9% NaCl注射液代替環(huán)磷酰胺和煙曲霉菌孢子懸液,注射方法同侵襲性FRS組。FRS組:鼻腔塞入Merocel 高分子止血棉,腹腔注射等量0.9% NaCl注射液代替環(huán)磷酰胺,鼻腔注射煙曲霉菌孢子懸液,注射方法同侵襲性FRS組。免疫抑制劑組:腹腔注射環(huán)磷酰胺,鼻腔內(nèi)注射等量0.9% NaCl注射液代替煙曲霉菌孢子懸液,注射方法同侵襲性FRS組。建模成功后繼續(xù)飼養(yǎng)7 d,然后處死。本試驗(yàn)大鼠造模均獲得成功。
1.3.2 血清細(xì)胞因子檢測
于模型建立第7日采集各組大鼠尾部靜脈血3 mL,離心5 min(離心半徑8 cm)分離血清,采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)檢測血清IL-6、TNF-α表達(dá)水平,檢測操作參考試劑盒說明書。
1.3.3 鼻腔組織Maspin、IKKα蛋白檢測
待尾靜脈取血結(jié)束后,各組大鼠均腹腔注射100 mg/kg氯胺酮,大鼠麻醉后脫臼斷頭,將大鼠面部皮毛和軟組織完全剔除,取鼻吻部至雙眼前緣的平面組織,于4%甲醛中固定3 d,常規(guī)石蠟包埋制成鼻竇組織切片。從液氮中取出組織樣本,手術(shù)剪將樣本剪成小塊,超聲粉碎,打成勻漿,加入蛋白提取液4℃振蕩過夜,15000 r/min離心50 min,提取上清液,Bradford法檢測蛋白濃度。采用聚丙烯酰胺凝膠上樣,每個泳道加入30 μg總蛋白,常規(guī)方法轉(zhuǎn)移至PVDF膜,再加入5%脫脂牛奶封閉2 h。分別加入IKKα、Maspin單克隆抗體作為一抗,4℃封閉過夜。PBS洗滌3次,再加入1∶5000稀釋的二抗37℃孵育2 h。PBS沖洗后加入按照ECL化學(xué)發(fā)光顯影試劑盒顯影并測量光密度值,以目的蛋白與β-actin蛋白光密度的比值作為目的蛋白相對表達(dá)量。
1.3.4 鼻腔組織Maspin、IKKα mRNA表達(dá)檢測
取各組大鼠鼻黏膜組織30 ~ 50 mg,加入1 mL Trizol RNA總提取液,制成勻漿后再加入100 μL氯仿,振蕩混勻后800 g離心10 min, 70%乙醇洗滌3次,提取總RNA。按照RT反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒說明書,取1 μg總RNA逆轉(zhuǎn)錄得到互補(bǔ)DNA,以β-actin作為內(nèi)參,采用實(shí)時熒光定量PCR分別擴(kuò)增Maspin、IKKα基因,設(shè)置反應(yīng)體系:模板7.5 μL,上游引物0.5 μL,下游引物0.5 μL,cDNA1.5 μL,雙蒸水 8 μL,總反應(yīng)體系18 μL。反應(yīng)條件:95℃預(yù)變性5 min,92℃ 30 s,72℃延伸45 s,總計(jì)45個循環(huán)。Maspin mRNA引物序列:上游:5′-TCGCGAGCTT GCTTGGCGAC-3′,下游:5′-GCTGTCAGGCGCGC TGCGATA-3′,擴(kuò)增片段長度201 bp;IKKα mRNA引物序列:上游:5′-GTGACATAAGTTCGGACTGCG-3′,下游:5′-TTTCGATTACATCGCGGAGCT-3′,擴(kuò)增片段長度276 bp;β-actin引物序列:上游:5′-CAGAGC TAGAACACGGCAGCG-3′,下游:5′-TGCGGCGATGG CTAGGCGTGA-3′,擴(kuò)增片段長度463 bp。按照下列公式計(jì)算目的基因相對表達(dá)量:基因相對表達(dá)量=2-△Ct,△Ct=Ct(目的基因)- Ct(β-actin)。
注:A:侵襲性FRS組 鼻竇黏膜組織內(nèi)可見大量真菌(黑色箭頭所指處);B:對照組 上皮完整;C:免疫 抑制劑組 上皮細(xì)胞連續(xù)完整,少量淋巴細(xì)胞浸潤;D: FRS組 上皮不完整,伴有大量淋巴細(xì)胞浸潤。(SP法,×200)圖1 各組大鼠鼻竇黏膜組織的形態(tài)學(xué)改變Note. A. large number of fungi were found in the nasal mucosa of a rat from the invasive FRS group; B. Intact epithelium of a normal control rats; C. a rat from the Immunosuppressive group, showing intact epithelium with sparse lymphocyte infiltration; D. a rat from the FRS group, incomplete epithelium and extensive lymphocyte infiltration in the sinusoidal mucosa of a rat from the FRS group.Fig.1 Histological changes of sinusoidal mucosa in each group of rats
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
2.1 病理檢查結(jié)果
大體觀察:對照組、鼻塞組、免疫抑制劑組大鼠鼻腔黏膜正常;FRS組可見鼻腔內(nèi)黏膜水腫,鼻腔出現(xiàn)大量分泌物,但是鼻竇組織未見破壞;侵襲性FRS組鼻腔內(nèi)可見大量血性分泌物,鼻竇結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生破壞,并伴有干酪樣壞死組織。PAS染色及顯微鏡觀察:侵襲性FRS組鼻腔組織存在大量真菌,鼻竇處有真菌侵犯血管,并伴有組織壞死、組織破壞,在壞死組織周圍能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)有嗜酸性細(xì)胞、中性粒細(xì)胞和淋巴細(xì)胞散在分布;對照組鼻腔上皮完整,未見有炎性浸潤;鼻塞組、鼻塞+免疫抑制劑鼻竇黏膜上皮連續(xù)完整,在上皮周圍可見少量淋巴細(xì)胞浸潤;FRS組上皮不完整,上皮周圍存在大量淋巴細(xì)胞浸潤,但鼻竇周圍未見真菌感染,周圍組織也未見侵入,見圖1。
2.2 各組大鼠血清IL-6、TNF-α表達(dá)水平比較
各組大鼠血清IL-6、TNF-α表達(dá)水平比較差異有顯著性(P< 0.05),F(xiàn)RS組血清IL-6、TNF-α顯著高于對照組、鼻塞組、免疫抑制劑組和侵襲性FRS組(P< 0.05),對照組血清IL-6、TNF-α又顯著高于免疫抑制劑組和侵襲性FRS組,免疫抑制劑組、侵襲性FRS組間血清IL-6、TNF-α表達(dá)水平比較差異無顯著性(P> 0.05),見表1。
2.3 各組大鼠組織Maspin、IKKα蛋白表達(dá)水平比較
FRS組、侵襲性FRS組Maspin蛋白表達(dá)水平顯著低于對照組、鼻塞組、免疫抑制劑組,F(xiàn)RS組、侵襲性FRS組IKKα蛋白表達(dá)水平顯著高于對照組、鼻塞組、免疫抑制劑組(P< 0.05);其中侵襲性FRS組Maspin蛋白表達(dá)顯著低于FRS組,IKKα蛋白表達(dá)顯著高于FRS組,見表2。
2.4 各組大鼠組織Maspin、IKKα mRNA表達(dá)水平比較
實(shí)時熒光定量PCR分析顯示FRS組、侵襲性FRS組Maspin mRNA表達(dá)水平顯著低于對照組、鼻塞組、免疫抑制劑組,IKKα mRNA表達(dá)水平顯著高于對照組、鼻塞組、免疫抑制劑組(P< 0.05);其中侵襲性FRS組Maspin mRNA表達(dá)顯著低于FRS組,IKKα mRNA表達(dá)顯著高于FRS組(P< 0.05),見表3。
表1 各組大鼠血清IL-6、TNF-α表達(dá)水平比較Tab.1 Comparison of the serum expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the groups of rats
注:與免疫抑制劑組比較,aP< 0.05;與FRS組比較,bP< 0.05;與侵襲性FRS組比較,cP< 0.05。
Note. Compared with the immunosuppressive group,aP< 0.05; Compared with the FRS group,bP< 0.05; Compared with the invasive FRS group,cP< 0.05.
表2 各組大鼠組織Maspin、IKKα蛋白表達(dá)水平比較Tab.2 Comparison of the expression of Maspin and IKKα protein in each group
注:與FRS組比較,aP< 0.05;與侵襲性FRS組比較,bP< 0.05。
Note. Compared with the FRS group,aP< 0.05; Compared with the invasive FRS group,bP< 0.05.
表3 各組大鼠組織Maspin、IKKα mRNA表達(dá)水平比較Tab.2 Comparison of the expression of Maspin and IKKα mRNA in each group
注:與FRS組比較,aP< 0.05;與侵襲性FRS組比較,bP< 0.05。
Note. Compared with the FRS group,aP< 0.05; Compared with the invasive FRS group,bP< 0.05.
真菌性鼻竇炎分為侵襲性和非侵襲性兩種,其中侵襲性鼻竇炎患者預(yù)后較差,當(dāng)侵犯至顱內(nèi)時甚至導(dǎo)致患者死亡。關(guān)于FRS的發(fā)病機(jī)制目前仍不完全清楚,有研究顯示免疫功能低下是導(dǎo)致FRS的主要誘因[7,8]。王立朋等[9]報道稱免疫正常的宿主存在的上皮細(xì)胞層和吞噬細(xì)胞能夠?qū)φ婢那忠u起到良好的防御能力,吞噬細(xì)胞在殺滅真菌孢子時會產(chǎn)生大量細(xì)胞因子,而細(xì)胞因子又會進(jìn)一步誘導(dǎo)和激活淋巴細(xì)胞、中性粒細(xì)胞等,從而增強(qiáng)宿主對真菌的抵抗能力。然而對于存在免疫缺陷的患者,吞噬細(xì)胞的活性及細(xì)胞因子產(chǎn)生能力均有所降低,導(dǎo)致宿主正常的防御屏障不足以抵抗真菌的感染,使得真菌孢子與呼吸道上皮細(xì)胞粘連,而這一過程常提示發(fā)展結(jié)局為侵襲性FRS[10]。本研究顯示FRS組血清IL-6、TNF-α表達(dá)水平最高,F(xiàn)RS組血清IL-6、TNF-α表達(dá)水平最高,說明免疫抑制導(dǎo)致的炎性細(xì)胞和抗炎細(xì)胞失衡是侵襲性FRS發(fā)病的主要原因之一。
侵襲性FRS的免疫應(yīng)答反應(yīng)有賴于免疫細(xì)胞表面受體對真菌的識別,并通過釋放細(xì)胞因子、趨化因子等殺滅真菌[11]。正常情況下宿主對真菌的免疫應(yīng)答反應(yīng)需要跨膜受體的級聯(lián)反應(yīng),國外研究[12]證實(shí)Toll樣受體(Toll-like receptor,TLR)介導(dǎo)的核因子κB(nuclear Factor κB,NF-κB)信號通路信號途徑異常會導(dǎo)致抗炎和促炎因子表達(dá)失衡,從而誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞發(fā)生侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移。IKKα是調(diào)控NK-κB信號途徑的關(guān)鍵蛋白,在另一項(xiàng)研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),細(xì)胞因子能夠誘導(dǎo)宿主內(nèi)源性IKKα表達(dá)異常升高,從而結(jié)合并抑制Maspin啟動子,導(dǎo)致Maspin表達(dá)下調(diào)[13]。Maspin能夠促進(jìn)細(xì)胞與細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)發(fā)生黏附作用,進(jìn)而抑制細(xì)胞發(fā)生遷移。張芳等[14]發(fā)現(xiàn)絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑能夠與抗真菌藥起到協(xié)同治療作用,該研究進(jìn)而發(fā)現(xiàn)絲氨酸蛋白酶是促進(jìn)真菌發(fā)生侵襲的關(guān)鍵酶,因而作為乳腺絲氨酸蛋白酶的抑制劑:Maspin蛋白可能在真菌侵襲中發(fā)揮著類似的作用。
本研究顯示FRS組、侵襲性FRS組Maspin mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)水平顯著低于對照組、鼻塞組、免疫抑制劑組,IKKα mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)水平顯著高于對照組、鼻塞組、免疫抑制劑組,提示Maspin在FRS的發(fā)病中起到重要作用,這一過程可能與腫瘤細(xì)胞的侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移過程類似。進(jìn)一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn)侵襲性FRS組Maspin mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)顯著低于FRS組,IKKα mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)顯著高于FRS組,說明IKKα、Maspin共同參與了真菌的侵襲。兩者的參與過程可能是炎性因子激活I(lǐng)KKα表達(dá),從而下調(diào)Maspin表達(dá)水平,導(dǎo)致真菌從呼吸道上皮細(xì)胞中發(fā)生脫落,進(jìn)而向周圍組織侵襲[15-17]。Luo等[18]報道稱在免疫功能正常的宿主中IKKα活化未下調(diào)Maspin表達(dá),推測IKKα雖然能夠下調(diào)Maspin表達(dá),但是這種調(diào)節(jié)水平可能并不存在直接線性關(guān)系,在接下來的研究中也將就此進(jìn)行深入研究。
綜上所述,IKKα活化后下調(diào)Maspin表達(dá)是導(dǎo)致FRS發(fā)病的主要原因,這一過程可能也是侵襲性FRS分子作用機(jī)制之一。
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Expression and significance of Maspin and IKKα in sinusoidal mucosa ofrats with fungal rhinosinusitis
LI Qin, XIE Qiong*
(Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University ofScience & Technology, Hubei Jingzhou 434020, China)
Objective To investigate the expression and significance of Maspin and IKKα in nasosinusoidal mucosa of rats with fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS). Methods A total of 40 SD rats were used to establish the FRS model, and randomly divided into nasal obstruction group, FRS group, immunosuppressive group and invasive FRS group, 10 rats in each group. Another 10 normal rats were used as control group. Mice in the control group were fed with normal diet. In the nasal obstruction group, the mice had only hemostatic cotton stuffed in the nasal cavity and injection of 0.9% NaCl in the abdominal and nasal cavities. In the FRS group, the mice were injectedAspergillusfumigatusspore suspension into the nasal cavity and 0.9% NaCl i.p. The mice of the immunosuppressive group were given cyclophosphamide i.p. and 0.9% NaCl injection into the nasal cavity. The invasive FRS group was injected with cyclophosphamide i.p. andAspergillusfumigatusspore suspension into the nasal cavity. The serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of Maspin and IKKα in nasosinusoidal mucosa was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The expression of Maspin mRNA and IKKα mRNA in the nasosinusoidal mucosa was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results The serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in different groups were significantly different (P< 0.05). The level of IL-6 in the FRS group was (69.3 ± 10.9) ng/L, significantly higher than those in the control group, nasal obstruction group, immunosuppressive group and invasive FRS group [ (45.2 ± 7.1)ng/L, (46.4 ± 6.7) ng/L, (21.3 ± 4.5) ng/L, and (20.9 ± 4.3 ng/L)] (P< 0.05). The level of TNF-α in the FRS group was (30.4 ± 4.8) ng/L, significantly higher than those in the control group, nasal obstruction group, immunosuppressive group and invasive FRS group [(14.8 ± 2.7) ng/L, (13.9 ± 1.4) ng/L, (7.9 ± 0.6) ng/L, and (7.8 ± 0.4 ng/L)] (P< 0.05). The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the control group were significantly higher than those in the immunosuppressive group and invasive FRS group (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference between the immunosuppressive group and the invasive group (P> 0.05). Theresult of immunohistochemical staining showed that the protein expression of Maspin in the FRS group and invasive FRS group was significantly lower than that in the control group, nasal obstruction group and immunosuppressive group, while the expression of IKKα protein was significantly higher than that of control group, nasal obstruction group and immunosuppressive group (P< 0.05). The protein expression of Maspin in the invasive FRS group was significantly lower than that in the FRS group, by contrast, the expression of IKKα protein was significantly higher (P< 0.05). The PCRresult revealed that the expression levels of Maspin and IKKα mRNA were (0.217 ± 0.013) and (0.193 ± 0.012), significantly lower than that in the control, obstruction and immunosuppressive groups [(0.309 ± 0.021), (0.302 ± 0.017), and (0.293 ± 0.02)] (P< 0.05), while the expressions level of IKKα mRNA were significantly higher [(0.319 ± 0.043), (0.384 ± 0.048) vs (0.169 ± 0.015), (0.171 ± 0.018), and (0.175 ± 0.019)] (P< 0.05). Conclusions Down-regulation of Maspin expression after IKKα activation is the main cause of the onset of FRS, which may also be one of the mechanisms of invasive FRS.
Fungal rhinosinusitis, FRS; Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis; Mammary serine proteinase inhibitor, Maspin; IκB kinase α, IKKα; Invasion; Cytokines
李琴(1982-),女,主治醫(yī)師。Email: liqinyixue@163.com
謝瓊(1969-),女,主任醫(yī)師。Email: 1279566754@qq.com
研究報告
R-33
A
1671-7856(2017) 07-0075-06
10.3969.j.issn.1671-7856. 2017.07.014
2016-11-21