侯曉敏,秦小江
(山西醫(yī)科大學(xué) 1. 基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院、2. 公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院,山西 太原 030001)
槲皮素通過激活Kv1.5保護(hù)糖尿病大鼠冠脈損傷
侯曉敏1,秦小江2
(山西醫(yī)科大學(xué) 1. 基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院、2. 公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院,山西 太原 030001)
槲皮素;Kv1.5;糖尿??;離子通道;冠狀動(dòng)脈;血管損傷
糖尿病可以引起心血管系統(tǒng)發(fā)生相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能改變,其中對冠狀動(dòng)脈(coronary artery, CA)的損傷會(huì)引起糖尿病冠心病(coronary heart disease, CHD)。有研究報(bào)道,糖尿病病人患CHD的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)比其他疾病明顯增加[1],而且高血糖能夠損傷CA血管平滑肌細(xì)胞(vascular smooth muscle cell, VSMC)電壓依賴性鉀通道(voltage-gated K+channels, Kv)[2]。在VSMC上主要表達(dá)的鉀通道中,Kv是表達(dá)量最高的[3-4],而且最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Kv1.5對調(diào)節(jié)CA供血是必需的[5]。
槲皮素(quercetin,quer)作用廣泛,可對抗氧化反應(yīng)[6-7]、抑制炎癥[8]等。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),如果在膳食中攝入比較多的槲皮素,能夠大幅度降低心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[9]。而且我們課題組前期離體實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),槲皮素可舒張大鼠CA,與其增大Kv電流有關(guān)[10]。有研究報(bào)道,飲食中較多攝入黃酮可降低糖尿病及相關(guān)心血管疾病發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[11-12],然而,關(guān)于槲皮素是否會(huì)對糖尿病引起的大鼠CA損傷產(chǎn)生影響,尚未見相關(guān)研究。
綜上所述,糖尿病能夠通過抑制CA VSMC Kv引起CA損傷,而槲皮素舒張大鼠CA與增大CA VSMC Kv電流有關(guān),并且Kv1.5對調(diào)節(jié)CA供血至關(guān)重要。所以,我們提出實(shí)驗(yàn)假設(shè),槲皮素是否能夠通過增大Kv1.5,改善糖尿病大鼠CA損傷。因此在本課題中,我們綜合應(yīng)用離體心臟灌流、CA張力測定、膜片鉗電生理和PCR實(shí)驗(yàn),從Kv1.5角度研究槲皮素在保護(hù)糖尿病引起大鼠CA損傷中的作用。
1.1藥品與試劑槲皮素購自Sigma公司,美國;其余試劑為分析純,國產(chǎn)。
1.2實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物30只 SD大鼠,♂,7~8周齡,體質(zhì)量(220±20)g,購自山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)動(dòng)物中心。
1.3儀器血管張力測定儀:澳大利亞DMT公司;膜片鉗放大器:美國AXON公司;離體心臟灌流裝置:泰盟科技有限公司;PCR儀:美國Bio-Rad C1000 TM and CFX96TM Real-time system。
2.1糖尿病大鼠模型的制備與分組將大鼠(30只)隨機(jī)分組,空白對照組(10只):生理鹽水,i.p.;糖尿病組(20只):鏈脲佐菌素,i.p.,每日100 mg·kg-1,連續(xù)2 d給藥。2周后,如果血糖 >0.0167 mol·L-1,認(rèn)為糖尿病模型制備成功,成功造模20只。然后,將這部分大鼠繼續(xù)分組:糖尿病組(10只,生理鹽水,i.g.,8周)和槲皮素干預(yù)組(10只,每日槲皮素50 mg·kg-1,i.g.,連續(xù)8周)。
2.2離體心臟灌流大鼠麻醉后處死,開胸并快速將大鼠心臟連同主動(dòng)脈根部剪下,利用主動(dòng)脈根部將心臟固定于灌流裝置上,記錄每分鐘的CA流量(coronary flow,CF)。
2.3CA張力測定參照本課題組前期方法[10, 13],把大鼠CA固定到張力測定儀上,正式實(shí)驗(yàn)前需要驗(yàn)證血管的活性,用KCl(60 mmol·L-1)收縮CA,當(dāng)收縮幅度能達(dá)到3 mN以上,且坪臺能夠穩(wěn)定時(shí),可以繼續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。分別向浴槽內(nèi)加入不同的藥物:KCl(60 mmol·L-1)、Kv阻斷劑4-氨基吡啶(4-aminopyridine , 4-AP, 10-4mol·L-1)、KCa阻斷劑蝎毒素(iberiotoxin , Iber, 10-3mol·L-1)、KATP阻斷劑格列本脲(glibenclamide , Glib, 10-4mol·L-1)和KIR阻斷劑氯化鋇(barium chloride , BaCl2, 10-3mol·L-1),觀察CA的收縮反應(yīng)并記錄其張力數(shù)值。
2.4Kv電流記錄方法采用分開兩步進(jìn)行酶解的方法得到CA VSMC,對細(xì)胞進(jìn)行序列電壓刺激(-80 mV~ +60 mV,間隔為10 mV),或單一給予+60 mV刺激),記錄Kv電流。不論是序列電壓刺激還是單一電壓刺激,均選擇最后50 ms的電流值,并且取其平均值,CA VSMC分離方法及Kv記錄方法參照文獻(xiàn)[10]。
2.5RT-PCR檢測大鼠CAKv1.5mRNA表達(dá)大鼠處死后,顯微鏡下急性分離3組大鼠CA,并快速將CA放入液氮中保存,觀察3組大鼠CA Kv1.5 mRNA變化,內(nèi)參為β-actin,具體方法參照文獻(xiàn)[14]。Kv1.5引物,正向: 5′-ATGCAGGGTCACTCCATC-3′,反向:5′-GGCTTCTCCTCTTCCTTG-3′;β-actin引物,正向:5′-AAGATCCTGACCGAGCGTGG-3′,反向: 5′-CAGCACTGTGTTGGCATAGAGG-3′。
3.1槲皮素對糖尿病大鼠CF的影響正常對照組CF為(7.81±0.62) mL·min-1,糖尿病組CF明顯下降,其值為(6.13±0.45)mL·min-1,給糖尿病大鼠膳食補(bǔ)充槲皮素8周后,其CF有所增加,其值為(7.14±0.52)mL·min-1,見Tab 1。
3.2槲皮素對糖尿病大鼠CA環(huán)張力的影響KCl對空白組大鼠CA的最大收縮張力為(3.64±0.27)mN;糖尿病組大鼠的收縮幅度明顯增強(qiáng),達(dá)到(5.12±0.44)mN;膳食補(bǔ)充槲皮素可減弱糖尿病大鼠CA對KCl的收縮反應(yīng),其收縮幅度為(4.35±0.16)mN。與糖尿病組相比,“糖尿病+槲皮素”組CA對Kv通道阻斷劑4-AP的收縮幅度明顯低于單純糖尿病組,證實(shí)槲皮素減輕糖尿病所致CA損傷的作用與激活Kv有關(guān),見Tab 2。
Tab 1 Effects of quercetin on CF of diabetic rats (n=6)
*P<0.05vscontrol;#P<0.05vsdiabetes
3.3槲皮素對糖尿病大鼠CAVSMCKv電流的影響如Fig 1所示,空白對照組、糖尿病組、“糖尿病+槲皮素”組大鼠CA VSMC Kv最大電流密度分別為(54.52±4.15)pA·pF-1、(22.62±3.24)pA·pF-1和(41.40±2.45)pA·pF-1。與空白組相比,糖尿病組CA VSMC Kv電流明顯減小,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;糖尿病組補(bǔ)充槲皮素后,其CA VSMC Kv電流降低幅度有所減弱。
Fig 1 The Kv currents on isolated rat CA VSMC (n=6)
A: TheI-Vrelationship curve of Kv currents when the currents were evoked by a series of depolarizing pulses (from -80 mV to +60 mV); B: The Kv currents were recorded when the currents were evoked by +60 mV depolarizing pulses.*P<0.05vscontrol;#P<0.0.5vsdiabetes.
Tab 2 The contraction amplitude of CA to vasoconstrictor (mN, n=6)
*P<0.05vscontrol;#P<0.0.5vsdiabetes
3.4槲皮素對糖尿病大鼠CAKv1.5mRNA表達(dá)的影響如Fig 2所示,Kv1.5 mRNA在3組大鼠CA的相對表達(dá)量(與β-actin表達(dá)的比值)依次為:空白對照組表達(dá)量最多,“糖尿病+槲皮素”組次之,糖尿病組表達(dá)量最少。
Fig 2 The mRNA expression of Kv 1.5 on rat CA (n=6)
A: The photograph of electrophoresis of RT-PCR amplification of Kv1.5 mRNA on rat CA; B: The mRNA expression of Kv1.5 normalized to the amount of β-actin. 1: β-actin of control, 2: Kv1.5 of control, 3: β-actin of diabetes+quer, 4: Kv1.5 of diabetes+quer, 5:β-actin of diabetes, 6: Kv1.5 of diabetes.*P<0.05vscontrol;#P<0.05vsdiabetes.
CA給心肌細(xì)胞提供養(yǎng)分,其管壁主要是VSMC。在本實(shí)驗(yàn)中我們發(fā)現(xiàn),糖尿病組的CF明顯低于正常組,在糖尿病大鼠的飲食中補(bǔ)充8周槲皮素后,其CF有所回升,說明糖尿病削弱了大鼠CA的舒張能力。而且該結(jié)論在離體CA張力測定中也得到了進(jìn)一步證實(shí),糖尿病組大鼠CA對KCl的收縮反應(yīng)更敏感,而補(bǔ)充槲皮素后得到了好轉(zhuǎn)。此外我們發(fā)現(xiàn),糖尿病補(bǔ)充槲皮素組CA對Kv通道阻斷劑4-AP的收縮反應(yīng)明顯低于糖尿病組,而對其他幾種阻斷劑沒有明顯差異,這提示槲皮素減輕糖尿病所致CA損傷與激活Kv有關(guān)。
課題組前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),槲皮素可舒張正常SD大鼠CA,該作用與激活大鼠CA VSMC Kv有關(guān)[10]。因此,為了進(jìn)一步證實(shí)槲皮素對糖尿病所引起CA損傷的改善作用是否也與Kv相關(guān),我們記錄了3組大鼠CA VSMC Kv電流,其最大電流密度分別為:空白對照組(54.52±4.15)pA·pF-1,糖尿病組(22.62±3.24)pA·pF-1,糖尿病+槲皮素組(41.40±2.45)pA·pF-1。有研究報(bào)道,高濃度葡萄糖可損傷CA VSMC Kv[2],在本實(shí)驗(yàn)中我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)了與之相一致的現(xiàn)象,糖尿病組Kv電流較空白對照組明顯降低,膳食補(bǔ)充槲皮素可以得到改善。
在目前已經(jīng)明確的鉀離子通道中,VSMC上表達(dá)最多的是Kv,Kv 在調(diào)節(jié)CA張力方面起著關(guān)鍵性的作用[15],而且最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Kv1.5對調(diào)節(jié)CA供血是必需的[5]。在本實(shí)驗(yàn)中,我們進(jìn)一步通過RT-PCR實(shí)驗(yàn)測定CA VSMC Kv1.5 mRNA表達(dá)變化,得出了與前述實(shí)驗(yàn)相吻合的結(jié)論,同時(shí)也證明槲皮素是通過激活Kv1.5起到了對糖尿病所導(dǎo)致的大鼠CA損傷的保護(hù)作用。本課題的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果將為臨床使用槲皮素預(yù)防和治療糖尿病CA損傷提供基礎(chǔ)依據(jù)。
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QuercetinprotectscoronaryarteryfrominjuryinducedbydiabetesinratsbyactivatingKv1.5
HOU Xiao-min1, QIN Xiao-jiang2
(1.SchoolofBasicMedicalSciences; 2.SchoolofPublicHealth,ShanxiMedicalUniversity,Taiyuan030001,China)
AimTo research into the effect of quercetin on coronary artery(CA) damage in diabetic rats and its relationship with Kv1.5.MethodsThirty male rats were randomly divided into blank control group, diabetes group and diabetes group + quercetin group. The effects of quercetin on heart coronary flow (CF) in diabetes rat were observed by CF measurement; the effects of quercetin on CA tension in diabetes rat were detected by CA tension measurement. To investigate the mechanism of quercetin improving CA lesions caused by diabetes, Kv currents of CA VSMC in rats were recorded using whole cell patch clamp, and Kv1.5 mRNA of CA VSMC was determined.ResultsCompared with normal group, CF of diabetic rats dropped significantly, and CF could increase with the supplement of quercetin in rat diet; the maximum contraction amplitude of CA in response to the contraction of KCl could be reduced with supplement of quercetin in diabetic rat dietary; compared with diabetes group, the contraction of CA from “diabetes + quercetin” to 4-AP significantly decreased; compared with blank control group, CA VSMC Kv currents of diabetes group had a significant decrease(P<0.05), and dietary supplement of quercetin could improve the above changes; RT-PCR results indicated that the expression of Kv1.5 mRNA on rat CA was the highest in control group, then in diabetes group and the lowest in “diabetes+quercetin” group.ConclusionQuercetin has protective effect on coronary muscle damage caused by diabetes, which maybe related to Kv1.5 channel.
quercetin; Kv1.5; diabetes; ion channel; coronary artery; vascular injury
:目的研究槲皮素對糖尿病大鼠CA損傷的改善作用及該作用與Kv1.5的關(guān)系。方法30只 ♂ SD大鼠,隨機(jī)分為3組:空白對照組、糖尿病組、“糖尿病+槲皮素”組。通過大鼠冠脈流量(coronary flow,CF)測定,觀察槲皮素對糖尿病所致CF變化的影響;利用冠狀動(dòng)脈(coronary artery,CA)張力測定,觀察槲皮素對糖尿病所致CA張力變化的影響;應(yīng)用膜片鉗記錄CA血管平滑肌細(xì)胞(vascular smooth muscle cell, VSMC)電壓依賴性鉀通道(voltage gated potassium channel,Kv)電流及測定CA VSMC Kv1.5 mRNA表達(dá)水平,探討槲皮素改善糖尿病所致CA損傷的機(jī)制。結(jié)果糖尿病組CF較空白組明顯下降,糖尿病大鼠飲食中補(bǔ)充槲皮素,可使得其CF有所增加;膳食補(bǔ)充槲皮素可減弱糖尿病大鼠CA對KCl的收縮反應(yīng)(P<0.05);與糖尿病組相比,“糖尿病+槲皮素”組CA對Kv阻斷劑4-AP的收縮幅度明顯降低;糖尿病組大鼠CA VSMC Kv電流較空白組明顯降低(P<0.05),膳食補(bǔ)充槲皮素可減小其降低幅度;RT-PCR結(jié)果表明,Kv1.5 mRNA相對表達(dá)量空白組最高,“糖尿病+槲皮素”組次之,糖尿病組最少。結(jié)論槲皮素對糖尿病CA損傷有保護(hù)作用,該作用與激活Kv1.5存在一定相關(guān)性。
時(shí)間:2017-9-5 9:26 網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版地址:http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/34.1086.R.20170905.0925.044.html
2017-05-19,
2017-08-10
山西省高等學(xué)??萍紕?chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(No 2017146,2017147);山西省青年科技研究基金(No 201701D221247,201701D221 259);山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)博士啟動(dòng)基金(No 03201510,032015 21);山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)青年基金(No 02201604,02201613)
侯曉敏(1983-),女,博士,講師,研究方向:天然產(chǎn)物的心血管藥理作用,E-mail:houxiaominyaoli@163.com; 秦小江(1986-),男,博士,講師,研究方向:環(huán)境污染物致血管損傷的作用機(jī)制及其防治,通訊作者,E-mail:sxykdxyxy@163.com
10.3969/j.issn.1001-1978.2017.10.022
A
:1001-1978(2017)10-1442-04
R-332;R284.1;R322.12;R322.74;R587.201.31