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Ang—2和VEGF在腎細(xì)胞癌患者外周血中的表達(dá)及其意義

2017-11-14 05:39韓暉王永剛劉尚瑩
中國醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新 2017年27期
關(guān)鍵詞:內(nèi)皮標(biāo)本血清

韓暉 王永剛 劉尚瑩

【摘要】 目的:檢測(cè)促血管生成素-2(Angiopoietin-2,Ang-2)和血管內(nèi)皮生長因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)在腎細(xì)胞癌患者外周血中的表達(dá),探討兩者的變化及其相互關(guān)系。方法:收集56例腎細(xì)胞癌患者按腫瘤分期分為實(shí)驗(yàn)1、2、3組,30例健康人為對(duì)照組,采用ELISA方法分別檢測(cè)標(biāo)本Ang-2、VEGF的水平,對(duì)以上數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行比較。結(jié)果:四組的VEGF兩兩比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);實(shí)驗(yàn)3組的Ang-2高于實(shí)驗(yàn)1組、實(shí)驗(yàn)2組、對(duì)照組,對(duì)照組的Ang-2低于實(shí)驗(yàn)1、2、3組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。腎細(xì)胞癌患者血清VEGF和Ang-2呈正相關(guān)(r=0.732,P<0.05)。結(jié)論:Ang-2、VEGF在腎細(xì)胞癌患者外周血中呈高表達(dá),且與臨床分期關(guān)系密切,Ang-2和VEGF在腎細(xì)胞癌血管生成中可能相互影響。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 腎細(xì)胞癌; 促血管生成素-2; 血管內(nèi)皮生長因子

The Expression and Significance of Ang-2 and VEGF in Peripheral Blood of Renal Cell Carcinoma Patient/HAN Hui,WANG Yong-gang,LIU Shang-ying.//Medical Innovation of China,2017,14(27):110-112

【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the expression of angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in peripheral blood of patients with renal cell carcinoma,and to explore the changes and their relationship.Method:56 renal cell carcinoma patients were selected,according to the tumor stage were divided into experimental group 1,2,3,30 healthy people were selected as the control group,specimens was detected by ELISA method Ang-2,the levels of VEGF,the above data were compared.Result:The differences between the four groups of VEGF compsred were statistically significant(P<0.05);the Ang-2 of experimental group 3 was higher than the experimental group 1,experimental group 2,control group,the Ang-2 of the control group was lower than the experimental group 1,2,3,the differences have the statistical significance(P<0.05).Serum VEGF and Ang-2 were positively correlated in patients with renal cell carcinoma(r=0.732,P<0.05).Conclusion:Ang-2 and VEGF are highly expressed in peripheral blood of patients with renal cell carcinoma and are closely related to clinical stages, and Ang-2 and VEGF may interact with each other in the angiogenesis of renal cell carcinoma.

【Key words】 Renal cell carcinoma; Angiopoietin-2; Vascular endothelial growth factor

First-authors address:Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.27.031

近年來泌尿系腫瘤的發(fā)病率逐年上升,其中腎細(xì)胞癌(renal cell carcinoma,RCC)是泌尿系統(tǒng)中惡性程度較高、血管豐富的實(shí)體腫瘤,其發(fā)病率和死亡率僅次于排名第一的膀胱癌[1]。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),促血管生成素-2(Angiopoietin,Ang-2)在腫瘤新生血管的調(diào)節(jié)中起著重要的作用,與腫瘤血管的形成有密切的關(guān)系[2],抑制Ang-2可促進(jìn)血管的穩(wěn)定性和減少血管形成[3]。此外,血管內(nèi)皮生長因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)能直接作用于血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞促進(jìn)細(xì)胞增殖,能影響血管的形成和腫瘤的生長,與腫瘤的增殖、轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān)[4]。本研究著重探討Ang-2、血管內(nèi)皮生長因子(VEGF)在腎細(xì)胞癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展中所扮演的角色,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 材料與方法

1.1 標(biāo)本 收集2016年2-10月本院符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的腎細(xì)胞癌患者血清標(biāo)本56例為實(shí)驗(yàn)組,納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)需經(jīng)病理證實(shí)為腎細(xì)胞癌;(2)實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者在確診前未行手術(shù)治療、化療、放療及其他抗腫瘤治療;(3)無其他系統(tǒng)腫瘤、嚴(yán)重感染及腫瘤家族史。參照2010年美國腫瘤聯(lián)會(huì)委員會(huì)(AJCC)的腫瘤分期標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將實(shí)驗(yàn)組分為實(shí)驗(yàn)1組(Ⅰ期)30例、實(shí)驗(yàn)2組(Ⅱ期)15例、實(shí)驗(yàn)3組(Ⅲ、Ⅳ期)11例,并選取體檢健康的血清標(biāo)本30例為對(duì)照組。四組患者的一般資料比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。endprint

1.2 試劑與儀器 由武漢博士德生物工程有限公司提供Ang-2及VEGF的ELISA試劑盒。由山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一醫(yī)院病理科提供-80 ℃低溫冰箱。恒溫溫育箱、分光光度計(jì)、恒溫振蕩器、離心機(jī)、酶標(biāo)儀等實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器由山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)分子生物實(shí)驗(yàn)室提供。

1.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法 采集血清標(biāo)本:向所有受試抽血對(duì)象說明情況并取得知情同意后,于次日凌晨空腹抽血5 mL,常規(guī)分離血清凍存于-80 ℃低溫冰箱保存待用,注意避免標(biāo)本反復(fù)凍融。標(biāo)本采集為同一個(gè)人,待所有標(biāo)本收齊后,統(tǒng)一進(jìn)行血清Ang-2和VEGF的濃度水平的檢測(cè),實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟嚴(yán)格按照ELISA試劑盒中的說明書進(jìn)行操作。取3次測(cè)定值為均值,以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物的質(zhì)量濃度為橫坐標(biāo),450 nm波長吸光度值(D)為縱坐標(biāo)繪制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線。樣品的實(shí)際質(zhì)量濃度(單位pg/mL)。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行處理分析,符合正態(tài)分布的采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示。多組比較采用單因素方差分析(ANOVA),兩兩比較采用最小顯著性差異法(LSD),相關(guān)分析采用Pearson檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

四組的VEGF兩兩比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);實(shí)驗(yàn)3組的Ang-2高于實(shí)驗(yàn)1組、實(shí)驗(yàn)2組、對(duì)照組,對(duì)照組的Ang-2低于實(shí)驗(yàn)1、2、3組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。腎細(xì)胞癌患者血清VEGF和Ang-2呈正相關(guān)(r=0.732,P<0.05)。

3 討論

腫瘤是由腫瘤血管和腫瘤細(xì)胞兩者構(gòu)成的,其中腫瘤細(xì)胞對(duì)腫瘤血管的形成有促進(jìn)作用,腫瘤血管的形成又可以營養(yǎng)腫瘤細(xì)胞,從而為腫瘤提供轉(zhuǎn)移途徑[5]。腫瘤血管生成過程復(fù)雜,是多種促進(jìn)、抑制因子平衡后的結(jié)果,當(dāng)促血管生成因子的作用強(qiáng)于抑制因子時(shí),腫瘤血管便朝著生成這個(gè)方向啟動(dòng)[6]。

血管內(nèi)皮生長因子(VEGF)為目前經(jīng)典的調(diào)控血管生成物質(zhì),自2005年以來,通過抑制VEGF信號(hào)通路與哺乳動(dòng)物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)的七種新的靶向治療藥物已被批準(zhǔn)用于治療轉(zhuǎn)移性腎細(xì)胞癌(mRCC)[7];Ang-2作為新的調(diào)控物質(zhì)被發(fā)現(xiàn)表達(dá)在許多腫瘤中,例如:肝癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、胃癌等[8-11],該物質(zhì)在正常人體呈低水平表達(dá),但在以血管滲漏和炎癥增加為特點(diǎn)的疾病中明顯增高[12-13]。關(guān)于腫瘤的VEGF基因研究較多,多項(xiàng)研究均觀察到VEGF與腫瘤分期相關(guān)[14]。本研究顯示,Ang-2和VEGF在腎細(xì)胞癌患者血清中的表達(dá)均高于健康對(duì)照,且臨床分期越晚的患者血清Ang-2和VEGF的表達(dá)水平越高,這與國內(nèi)外多項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果相似[15-17]。

此外,本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),VEGF與Ang-2存在正相關(guān)(P<0.05),這提示Ang-2與VEGF在腫瘤血管的形成過程中可能存在相互協(xié)助的關(guān)系。Ang-2通過破壞血管的外基質(zhì)與內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞間的作用,從而強(qiáng)化部分受體對(duì)VEGF的敏感性,誘導(dǎo)增強(qiáng)血管重建相關(guān)物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生;使得血管芽生增多,這對(duì)血管新生及維持、后期增生起重要作用,在腫瘤患者中這種過程變成了惡性循環(huán)[18]。

通過阻斷腫瘤血管的生成從而抗腫瘤治療成為一個(gè)研究熱點(diǎn)[16],而由于腎細(xì)胞癌對(duì)化放療均不是很敏感,且對(duì)免疫、瘤苗、基因等治療方法的療效還是很有限,因此以Ang-2家族作為腎細(xì)胞癌治療的新靶點(diǎn)受到人們的關(guān)注[19]。臨床研究表明,Ang-2的阻斷劑可以阻斷腫瘤生長及血管形成,特別是當(dāng)結(jié)合VEGF的抗血管形成治療時(shí)可以抑制隨淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移[20-21]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)受限于經(jīng)費(fèi)未就VEGF與Ang-2之間復(fù)雜的關(guān)系及相互作用方式展開研究,通過檢測(cè)腎細(xì)胞癌血清中Ang-2和VEGF的含量希望揭示Ang-2的表達(dá)情況、影響因素以及其與經(jīng)典的VEGF之間可能的相關(guān)作用,為腎細(xì)胞癌早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早診斷及新治療機(jī)制提供方向。

參考文獻(xiàn)

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[5] Folkman J.Role of angiogenesis in tumor growth and metastasis[J].Seminars in Cancer Biology,1992,3(2):65-71.

[6] Kim D T E,Murren J R.Angiogenesis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer[J].American Journal of Respiratory Medicine Drugs Devices & Other Interventions,2012,1(5):325-338.endprint

[7] Escudier B, Kataja V,Group E G W.Renal cell carcinoma:ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis,treatment and follow-up[J].Annals of Oncology,2016,21(suppl 5):v137.

[8]何勝利,高勇,劉道永,等.Ang-1、Ang-2和Tie-2表達(dá)與肝癌血管生成的關(guān)系[J].臨床腫瘤學(xué)雜志,2009,14(5):439-442.

[9] Christian S,Annarita D L,Ilaria C,et al.Angiopoietin-2 expression in breast cancer correlates with lymph node invasion and short survival[J].International Journal of Cancer Journal International Du Cancer,2003,103(4):466-474.

[10] Tanaka F,Ishikawa S,Yanagihara K,et al.Expression of angiopoietins and its clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer[J].Cancer Research,2002,62(23):7124-7129.

[11] Etoh T,Inoue H,Tanaka S,et al.Angiopoietin-2 is related to tumor angiogenesis in gastric carcinoma:possible in vivo regulation via induction of proteases[J].Cancer Research,2001,61(5):2145-2153.

[12] Milam K E,Parikh S M.The angiopoietin-Tie2 signaling axis in the vascular leakage of systemic inflammation[J].Tissue Barriers,2015,3(2):e 957 508.

[13] Conroy A L,Glover S J,Hawkes M,et al.Angiopoietin-2 levels are associated with retinopathy and predict mortality in Malawian children with cerebral malaria:a retrospective case-control study[J].Critical Care Medicine,2012,40(3):952-959.

[14] Tomita Y.Renal cell carcinoma[J].Gan To Kagaku Ryoho,2014,41(2):172-177.

[15] Fagiani E,Christofori G.Angiopoietins in angiogenesis[J].Cancer Letters,2013,328(1):18-26.

[16] Gerald D,Chintharlapalli S,Augustin H G,et al.Angiopoietin-2: an attractive target for improved antiangiogenic tumor therapy[J].Cancer Research,2013,73(6):1649-1657.

[17] Wang X,Bullock A J,Zhang L,et al.The Role of Angiopoietins as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Renal Cell Carcinoma[J].Translational Oncology,2014,7(2):188-195.

[18] Holash J,Wiegand S J,Yancopoulos G D.New model of tumor angiogenesis:dynamic balance between vessel regression and growth mediated by angiopoietins and VEGF[J].Oncogene,1999,18(38):5356-5362.

[19] Tian G G,Dawson N A.New agents for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma[J].Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy,2001,1(4):546-554.

[20] Kienast Y,Klein C,Scheuer W,et al.Ang-2-VEGF-A CrossMab,a Novel Bispecific Human IgG1 Antibody Blocking VEGF-A and Ang-2 Functions Simultaneously,Mediates Potent Antitumor,Antiangiogenic,and Antimetastatic Efficacy[J].Clinical Cancer Research An Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research,2013,19(24):6730-6740.

[21] Holopainen T,Saharinen P,DAmico G,et al.Effects of Angiopoietin-2-Blocking Antibody on Endothelial Cell-Cell Junctions and Lung Metastasis[J].Cancerspectrum Knowledge Environment,2012,104(6):461-475.

(收稿日期:2017-08-10) (本文編輯:張爽)endprint

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