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顯微鏡下經(jīng)腹膜后精索靜脈高位結(jié)扎與顯微鏡下經(jīng)外環(huán)口精索靜脈結(jié)扎的臨床效果觀察

2017-11-14 05:43姜華龍李萍嚴(yán)躍龍鄭展圖
中國醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新 2017年27期
關(guān)鍵詞:精索腹膜顯微鏡

姜華龍 李萍 嚴(yán)躍龍 鄭展圖

【摘要】 目的:評價(jià)顯微鏡下經(jīng)腹膜后精索靜脈高位結(jié)扎術(shù)與顯微鏡下經(jīng)外環(huán)口精索靜脈結(jié)扎術(shù)治療精索靜脈曲張的臨床效果。方法:納入本院2012年6月-2017年1月收治的132例精索靜脈曲張患者,根據(jù)手術(shù)治療方式的不同分為觀察組(n=89)與對照組(n=43),觀察組患者的手術(shù)方式為顯微鏡下經(jīng)腹膜后精索靜脈高位結(jié)扎術(shù),對照組患者的手術(shù)方式為顯微鏡下經(jīng)外環(huán)口精索靜脈結(jié)扎術(shù),觀察兩組患者的并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率、術(shù)中出血量、復(fù)發(fā)率、手術(shù)時(shí)間與精液質(zhì)量改善狀況。結(jié)果:觀察組患者的手術(shù)時(shí)間明顯短于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組患者的術(shù)中出血量比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。術(shù)后3個(gè)月復(fù)查精液,兩組的精液質(zhì)量比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。術(shù)后對兩組患者進(jìn)行為期6個(gè)月的隨訪,觀察組患者的曲張復(fù)發(fā)率明顯高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組的并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:顯微鏡下經(jīng)腹膜后精索靜脈高位結(jié)扎術(shù)時(shí)間更短,顯微鏡下經(jīng)外環(huán)口精索靜脈結(jié)扎術(shù)復(fù)發(fā)率更低,兩種方法近遠(yuǎn)期療效均較好,安全性高,具備臨床推廣價(jià)值。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 精索靜脈曲張; 顯微鏡下經(jīng)腹膜后精索靜脈高位結(jié)扎術(shù); 顯微鏡下經(jīng)外環(huán)口精索靜脈結(jié)扎術(shù); 臨床效果

Analysis the Clinical Efficacy of High Ligation of Retroperitoneal Spermatic Vein under Microscope and Ligation of External Spermatic Vein under Microscope/JIANG Hua-long,LI Ping,YAN Yue-long,et al.//Medical Innovation of China,2017,14(27):113-115

【Abstract】 Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of high ligation of retroperitoneal spermatic vein under microscope and ligation of external spermatic vein under microscope in the treatment of varicocele.Method:A total of 132 patients with varicocele were enrolled in our hospital from June 2012 to January 2017,they were divided into observation group (n=89) and control group (n=43) according to the different surgical treatment methods,the operation mode of the observation group was high ligation of retroperitoneal spermatic vein under microscope,the operation of the control group was performed by ligation of the external spermatic vein under the microscope,the complication rate,blood loss,recurrence rate,operation time and semen quality improvement were observed in the two groups.Result:The operation time of the observation group was significantly shorter than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss between the two groups(P>0.05).The semen was rechecked 3 months after operation,there was no significant difference in semen quality between the two groups(P>0.05).The patients in the two groups were followed up for 6 months after the operation,the recurrence rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Under the microscope by internal spermatic vein ligation in a shorter time,under the microscope through the outer ring ligation of varicocele recurrence rate is lower,short-term and long-term effects of the two methods are good, high safety,has clinical value.endprint

【Key words】 Cirsocele; High ligation of retroperitoneal spermatic vein under microscope; Ligation of external spermatic vein under microscope; Clinical effect

First-authors address:Donghua Hospital of Dongguan City,Dongguan 523000,China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.27.032

精索靜脈曲張是指精索內(nèi)靜脈蔓狀靜脈叢的異常伸長、擴(kuò)張和迂曲,原發(fā)性精索靜脈曲張主要致病因素為精索靜脈瓣膜缺如、發(fā)育不良或精索靜脈肌層發(fā)育不良、薄弱[1-3]。重者可呈團(tuán)塊樣堆積在陰囊內(nèi),引起陰囊墜脹不適。精索靜脈曲張是導(dǎo)致男性陰囊墜脹、疼痛和不育的常見疾病,在普通人群中發(fā)病率為15%~20%,而在原發(fā)性不育中發(fā)生率可高達(dá)35%~40%,繼發(fā)性不育中達(dá)75%,臨床常見的手術(shù)治療方法有腹膜后精索靜脈高位結(jié)扎術(shù)、腹膜后精索高位結(jié)扎術(shù)(Palomo術(shù))、腹腔鏡下精索結(jié)扎術(shù)(腹腔鏡Palomo術(shù))、腹股溝管精索靜脈結(jié)扎術(shù)、精索內(nèi)靜脈栓塞術(shù)(逆行、順行)、顯微鏡下腹股溝管精索靜脈結(jié)扎術(shù)、顯微鏡下外環(huán)下精索靜脈結(jié)扎術(shù)、經(jīng)陰囊精索靜脈結(jié)扎術(shù)等,目前顯微鏡下外環(huán)下精索靜脈高位結(jié)扎術(shù)被奉為治療精索靜脈曲張的“金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,但其手術(shù)時(shí)間較長,手術(shù)過程繁瑣[4-5]。顯微鏡下腹膜后精索靜脈結(jié)扎術(shù)鮮有報(bào)到,此術(shù)式手術(shù)部位較高,精索靜脈血管匯聚,相對外環(huán)下手術(shù),時(shí)間明顯較短,將其療效與金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)術(shù)式進(jìn)行對比,評價(jià)推廣價(jià)值,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料 自2012年6月-2017年1月納入本院收治的132例精索靜脈曲張患者,根據(jù)手術(shù)治療方式的不同分為觀察組與對照組。觀察組患者

89例,年齡26~36歲,平均(31.4±0.9)歲;對照組患者43例,年齡28~33歲,平均(30.5±0.6)歲。兩組患者的一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。告知患者此次研究的目的與方法,并自愿簽署知情同意書。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 觀察組 顯微鏡下經(jīng)腹膜后精索靜脈高位結(jié)扎的術(shù),具體的手術(shù)方法:以腹股溝韌帶中點(diǎn)上方2 cm處為起點(diǎn)平行于腹股溝韌帶向外上方做長2~3 cm的切口,依次切開皮膚、皮下組織、腹外斜肌腱膜,鈍性分開腹內(nèi)斜肌和腹橫肌,切開腹橫筋膜,向內(nèi)側(cè)推開腹膜和腸管,于腹膜后顯露精索,將精索從腹膜上分離下來,游離3~4 cm,使精索能無張力牽拉至切口處,利用Carl Zeiss Surgical GmbH顯微鏡在6~8倍視野下手術(shù),先剪開精索筋膜,游離出睪丸動(dòng)脈、所有精索內(nèi)靜脈,盡量減少淋巴管損傷。依次剪斷靜脈,并用1號絲線結(jié)扎精索靜脈殘端,查無靜脈殘留,動(dòng)脈搏動(dòng)良好后將精索復(fù)位到腹膜后,依次縫合切口。

1.2.2 對照組 顯微鏡下經(jīng)外環(huán)口精索靜脈結(jié)扎術(shù),具體的手術(shù)方法:于患側(cè)腹股溝外環(huán)下方1 cm處作橫切口,長1.5~2 cm。依次切開皮膚、皮下,鈍性分離至精索,分離并游離一段精索,將所游離精索牽出切口外。利用Carl Zeiss Surgical GmbH顯微鏡在6~8倍放大的顯微鏡下打開精索內(nèi)筋膜,找到并注意保護(hù)睪丸動(dòng)脈、輸精管,找到并游離全部精索靜脈,盡量保留淋巴管,游離全部精索靜脈后,依次鉗夾、剪斷靜脈,結(jié)扎殘端,查無靜脈殘留、動(dòng)脈搏動(dòng)良好后將精索復(fù)位,依次縫合切口。

1.3 觀察指標(biāo) 觀察兩組患者的臨床治療指標(biāo),術(shù)后3個(gè)月復(fù)查精液質(zhì)量。所有患者隨訪6個(gè)月,觀察復(fù)發(fā)率與并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 本次研究采用SPSS 13.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用 字2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組患者治療后的臨床治療指標(biāo)比較 治療后,兩組患者的術(shù)中出血量、精液分析比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);觀察組患者的手術(shù)時(shí)間明顯短于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。

2.2 兩組患者的復(fù)發(fā)率與并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較 觀察組患者的曲張復(fù)發(fā)率明顯高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組患者的并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表2。

3 討論

顯微鏡下外環(huán)下精索靜脈結(jié)扎術(shù)是當(dāng)前手術(shù)治療精索靜脈曲張的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[6],結(jié)扎除睪丸引帶靜脈以外的全部靜脈[7],理論上結(jié)扎靜脈更多,術(shù)中結(jié)扎不止內(nèi)靜脈[8],還包括提睪肌靜脈、輸精管靜脈等,結(jié)扎靜脈徹底,術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率最低[9],但外環(huán)口處精索血管為蔓狀靜脈叢,需分離結(jié)扎血管達(dá)數(shù)十支,手術(shù)時(shí)間長[10],即使在顯微鏡下手術(shù)亦存在靜脈殘留引起復(fù)發(fā)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),且存在損傷輸精管風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[11]。且對是否有必要結(jié)扎提睪肌靜脈、輸精管靜脈等問題,很多學(xué)者有不同意見[12]。

顯微鏡下經(jīng)腹膜后精索靜脈高位結(jié)扎術(shù)經(jīng)腹膜后入路,于精索高位手術(shù)[13],保留睪丸動(dòng)脈、淋巴管[14],結(jié)扎全部精索內(nèi)靜脈,手術(shù)原理更合理。結(jié)扎靜脈較少,手術(shù)時(shí)間明顯減少,不存在損傷輸精管風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[15]。經(jīng)過臨床觀察、數(shù)據(jù)分析,筆者認(rèn)為顯微鏡下經(jīng)腹膜后精索靜脈高位結(jié)扎術(shù)和顯微鏡下外環(huán)下精索靜脈結(jié)扎術(shù)相比較,可有效的縮短手術(shù)時(shí)間[16],并發(fā)癥無明顯增加,手術(shù)效果相當(dāng),然而術(shù)后的復(fù)發(fā)率稍高[17],但經(jīng)腹膜后手術(shù)難度稍高,有損傷腹膜和腸管風(fēng)險(xiǎn),有誤扎腹壁入血管風(fēng)險(xiǎn),且不適用于肥胖患者。采取顯微鏡下經(jīng)外環(huán)口精索靜脈結(jié)扎的手術(shù)方法能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)、徹底治療[18],能夠有效的降低曲張復(fù)發(fā)率,適用于所有精索靜脈張患者,對于高位結(jié)扎術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)者再次手術(shù)仍有效,因此可作為未來一段時(shí)間內(nèi)治療精索靜脈曲張的首選方法[19-20]。但前者有明顯的手術(shù)時(shí)間優(yōu)勢,手術(shù)原理更符合解剖,總體效果與后者相當(dāng),可能是更合理的手術(shù)方法,亦可進(jìn)行廣泛推廣。由于本次研究樣本容量有限,因而關(guān)于采取兩種治療方法所產(chǎn)生的遠(yuǎn)期影響仍需今后大樣本隨機(jī)進(jìn)一步觀察。endprint

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1] Capece M,Imbimbo C.The varicocele:the proper therapy for the proper patient[J].Urologia,2014,81(3):165-168.

[2] Redmon J B,Carey P,Pryor J L.Varicocele-the most common cause of male factor infertility[J].Human Reproduction Update,2002,8(1):53-58.

[3] Franco G,Misuraca L,Ciletti M,et al.Surgery of male infertility:an update[J].Sexologies,2014,17(8):S16-S17.

[4] Diegidio P,Jhaveri J K,Ghannam S,et al.Review of current varicocelectomy techniques and their outcomes[J].Bju International,2011,108(7):1157-1172.

[5] Ficarra V,Crestani A,Novara G,et al.Varicocele repair for infertility:what is the evidence[J].Current Opinion in Urology,2012,22(6):489-494.

[6] Cho K S,Seo J T.Effect of Varicocelectomy on Male Infertility[J].Korean Journal of Urology,2014,55(11):703-709.

[7] Wong J,Chan S,Pagala M,et al.Lymphatic sparing microscopic retroperitoneal varicocelectomy:a preliminary experience[J].Journal of Urology,2009,182(5):2460-2463.

[8] Marte A,Pintozzi L,Cavaiuolo S,et al.Single-incision laparoscopic surgery and conventional laparoscopic treatment of varicocele in adolescents:Comparison between two techniques[J].African Journal of Paediatric Surgery,2014,11(3):201-205.

[9] Bansal D,Riachy E,Jr D W,et al.Pediatric varicocelectomy:a comparative study of conventional laparoscopic and laparoendoscopic single-site approaches[J].Journal of Endourology,2014,28(5):513-516.

[10] Hopps C V,Lemer M L,Schlegel P N,et al.Intraoperative varicocele anatomy:a microscopic study of the inguinal versus subinguinal approach[J].Journal of Urology,2003,170(6):2366-2370.

[11] Borruto F A,Impellizzeri P,Antonuccio P,et al.Laparoscopic vs open varicocelectomy in children and adolescents:review of the recent literature and meta-analysis[J].Journal of Pediatric Surgery,2010,45(12):2464-2469.

[12] Ding H,Tian J,Du W,et al.Open non-microsurgical,laparoscopic or open microsurgical varicocelectomy for male infertility:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].Bju Interhational,2012,110(10):1536-1542.

[13]黃多斌,冼杰,王君勇,等.顯微術(shù)式與腹膜后精索靜脈高位結(jié)扎術(shù)式治療精索靜脈曲張的效果對比[J].中國當(dāng)代醫(yī)藥,2017,24(7):85-87.

[14]鄧廣鵬.腹股溝外環(huán)下顯微鏡結(jié)扎手術(shù)治療腹腔鏡精索靜脈高位結(jié)扎術(shù)后精索靜脈曲張復(fù)發(fā)的臨床效果[J].中國當(dāng)代醫(yī)藥,2015,22(5):42-43.

[15]武小強(qiáng),閆天中,張祥生,等.經(jīng)外環(huán)口下精索靜脈曲張結(jié)扎術(shù)療效分析[J].河南醫(yī)學(xué)高等??茖W(xué)校學(xué)報(bào),2014,26(4):386-387.

[16] Ozturk U,Ozdemir E,Buyukkagnici U,et al.Effect of spermatic vein ligation on seminal total antioxidant capacity in terms of varicocele grading[J].Andrologia,2012,44(Suppl 1):199-204.

[17] Najari B B,Li P S,Ramasamy R,et al.Microsurgical rat varicocele model[J].Journal of Urology,2014,191(2):548-553.

[18] Aldemir M,I??k E,Ozgün G,et al.Comparison of spermatic vein histology in patients with and without varicocele[J].Andrologia,2011,43(5):341-345.

[19] Mohseni M J,Nazari H,Amini E,et al.Shunt-type and stop-type varicocele in adolescents:prognostic value of these two different hemodynamic patterns[J].Fertility & Sterility,2011,96(5):1091-1096.

[20] Wong Y S,Chung K L,Lo K W,et al.Scrotal antegradesclerotherapy demonstrates anatomical variations on venous drainage in paediatric, adolescent and young adult varicoceles[J].Pediatric Surgery International,2014,30(1):107-111.

(收稿日期:2017-08-28) (本文編輯:張爽)endprint

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