李宏福
高一語法的定語從句和名詞性從句是高中英語教學(xué)的重點,也是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的難點,同時又是高考考查的熱點??v觀近年各地高考試題,對兩大從句的考查不是單純考查其語法結(jié)構(gòu),而是把它融入到一定的語境中,考查學(xué)生的實際綜合運用能力。本文試圖分析這兩大從句的常見考點,幫助學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中總結(jié)應(yīng)對的策略。
一、定語從句的考點
1.關(guān)系代詞的用法
(1)關(guān)系代詞that和which的用法
that和which在限制性定語從句中都可以做主語、表語或賓語,先行詞均指物;做賓語時,均可省略。在通常情況下,可以互換使用,但是that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,which可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。命題角度主要以that與which指物時的區(qū)別為重點進行命制。
【例題】
①You can borrow any book________you want to read in our school library.
A.which B.that
C.who D.where
【解析】答案是B。先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,(a)few,(a)little,much等限定詞修飾時,用that引導(dǎo),不用which。
②The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,________he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
A.where B.which
C.that D.when
【解析】答案是B。此處為非限制性定語從句,先行詞是a passion,并在定語從句中做starting的賓語,that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
(2)關(guān)系代詞as的用法
關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時既可指人又可指物,只能替代由such,the same等修飾的先行詞;as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,可放于句首,句中或置于句尾,而which則只能置于主句之后。但如果定語從句為否定句或表示否定意義,使用which。as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句有“正如”之意,而which沒有這個意思。
【例題】
①We had found such materials________are used in their factory.
A.that B.which
C.as D.when
【解析】答案是C。當先行詞前有such,the same,as,so修飾時,通常用關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)定語從句。②The number of smokers,________is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A.it B.which
C.what D.as
【解析】答案是D。此句為非限制性定語從句,先行詞為整個主句,as表示“正如”的含義。
2.關(guān)系副詞的用法
當先行詞和介詞一起在定語從句中做狀語時,要用關(guān)系副詞。其中when=表時間的介詞(如in, at,during等)+which;where=表地點的介詞(如:in,at,on,under等)+which;why=表原因的介詞(如:for)+which。
【例題】
①I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade,________I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
A.which B.where
C.when D.that
【解析】C。先行詞是the fifth grade,when引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中做時間狀語。
②The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work________a good impression is a must.
A.that B.where
C.which D.what
【解析】答案是B。先行詞是work,關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中做地點狀語。
3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句
當關(guān)系代詞做介詞賓語,且該介詞不是和從句的謂語動詞構(gòu)成固定短語時,介詞可以提前,這樣就出現(xiàn)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。先行詞指物,用“介詞+which”;先行詞指人,則用“介詞+whom”,且兩個關(guān)系代詞均不能省略。
【例題】
①She showed the visitors around themuseum,the construction____________had taken more than three years.
A.for which B.with which
C.of which D.to which
【解析】答案是C。先行詞是the museum,the construction of which=of which the construction=whose construction。
②Many young people,most____________were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.endprint