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構(gòu)建個(gè)性化高效課堂提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣

2018-03-27 01:49:46承敏
新課程研究·基礎(chǔ)教育 2017年9期
關(guān)鍵詞:課例研究學(xué)習(xí)興趣個(gè)性化

承敏

【摘 要】本文以“譯林版”小學(xué)英語(yǔ)五上Unit7 At weekends(story time)課堂教學(xué)作為案例進(jìn)行了分析,探討如何設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)活動(dòng)更有利于提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,構(gòu)建個(gè)性化高效課堂。

【關(guān)鍵詞】小學(xué)英語(yǔ);個(gè)性化;高效課堂;學(xué)習(xí)興趣;課例研究

中圖分類號(hào):G623.31 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1671-0568(2017)25-0069-04

一、教材解讀

本單元談?wù)摰脑掝}是周末活動(dòng),包括上網(wǎng)和遠(yuǎn)方的家人聊天、放風(fēng)箏、看電影、野餐等。筆者在教學(xué)中利用掛圖、照片及多媒體呈現(xiàn)一些孩子們周末活動(dòng)的場(chǎng)景,要求學(xué)生課前準(zhǔn)備一張家庭周末活動(dòng)的照片,同時(shí)結(jié)合學(xué)生用書(shū)四年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit2 After School 和五年級(jí)上冊(cè)Unit4 Hobbies的內(nèi)容,和學(xué)生一起復(fù)習(xí)有關(guān)課外活動(dòng)和業(yè)余愛(ài)好的詞匯,作為導(dǎo)入和鞏固活動(dòng),綜合呈現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)。

二、學(xué)情分析

本節(jié)課的授課對(duì)象是五年級(jí)學(xué)生,這個(gè)階段的學(xué)生已經(jīng)有了一定的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備,具備了初步的語(yǔ)言交際能力和小組合作學(xué)習(xí)的能力。該年齡段的學(xué)生正由具體形象思維向抽象邏輯思維過(guò)度,對(duì)于歌曲、游戲、表演、繪畫(huà)等活動(dòng)非常感興趣。經(jīng)過(guò)兩年的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí),大部分學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)能夠保持著濃厚的興趣,并且在平時(shí)的日常生活中能夠用英語(yǔ)來(lái)交流。但他們?nèi)杂衅渥陨淼奶攸c(diǎn),對(duì)于直觀形象的事物比較感興趣。因此,教學(xué)就應(yīng)該從學(xué)生的興趣點(diǎn)出發(fā)。

需要解決的問(wèn)題:①如何使學(xué)生主動(dòng)參與到課堂中來(lái)?發(fā)現(xiàn)課堂的趣味性?②如何使學(xué)生對(duì)于周末活動(dòng)有話可說(shuō)?③如何使學(xué)生在學(xué)完文本之后能夠流利復(fù)述文本?④如何使學(xué)生能更細(xì)致地觀察插圖?

三、教學(xué)目標(biāo)

1. 知識(shí)目標(biāo):能聽(tīng)懂、會(huì)說(shuō)、會(huì)讀、會(huì)寫(xiě)visit,often,always,sometimes和there。能聽(tīng)懂、會(huì)說(shuō)、會(huì)讀at weekends,grandparent,play with,very much,chat,Internet,go to the cinema ,等等。

2. 技能目標(biāo):培養(yǎng)學(xué)生運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力和樂(lè)于表達(dá)、勇于展示自我的能力。通過(guò)大量的語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐活動(dòng),讓英語(yǔ)成為學(xué)生進(jìn)行交際的一種技能,培養(yǎng)他們的自信心和口語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力。

3. 情感態(tài)度和價(jià)值觀目標(biāo):通過(guò)互動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí),感受英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言魅力,激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。①創(chuàng)設(shè)豐富多彩的學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng),直觀,形象的讓學(xué)生感知英語(yǔ),學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ),激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的興趣。②通過(guò)完成任務(wù),讓學(xué)生體會(huì)到成功的快樂(lè)。

4. 教學(xué)重點(diǎn):句型:What do you do at weekends?I always / usually /often/sometimes …;詞匯:chat cinema grandparent Internet visit often always sometimes.

5. 教學(xué)難點(diǎn):句型:What do you do at weekends?I always / usually /often/sometimes …的使用;詞匯:always usually often 和sometimes頻率副詞的區(qū)分及正確使用。

四、教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

【第一次教案】:

Step1. Greetings

T:Hello, everyone. Im your new teacher today. You can call me Miss Cheng. Nice to meet you.

Ss:Nice to meet you,too.

Step2. Warm up

1. Play a game:Guess

First,I want to introduce myself. My English name is Connie. I am 25 years old. I have a lot of hobbies. Can you guess?Who can guess?

The teacher and Ss do and guess.(play basketball,play football,swim…)

一名學(xué)生根據(jù)老師的提示做動(dòng)作,其他學(xué)生根據(jù)動(dòng)作猜出老師的愛(ài)好。

2. Free talk

T:What do you usually do at Saturdays/Sundays?

S:I usually … on Saturday/Sundays.

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】:通過(guò)玩游戲和對(duì)學(xué)生周末活動(dòng)的了解逐步熟悉學(xué)生,緩解課堂的緊張氣氛。

Step3. Presentation and practice

1.Lead in

T:So you have a lot of activities on Saturdays and Sundays. Here is a calendar. Some days are in black and some are in red. Days in black are weekdays and we should come to school,but days in red are Saturdays and Sundays,we call them weekends. Do you come to school at weekends?

Ss:No,I dont.

T:at weekends

Today we will learn Unit 7 At weekends (揭題)

T:Are you happy at weekends?

Ss:Yes.

2.Look and learn

(1)T: Me too. What does Miss Cheng usually do at weekends?

(出示老師在電影院的照片)I like watching films very much. So I usually go to the cinema at weekends.

Ss:go to the cinema.

(2)(出示老師的爺爺奶奶的照片)I also visit my grandpa and grandma at weekends. We can also call them grandparents.

Ss:visit my grandparents.

(3)T:Look at the picture,Where is Miss Cheng?(出示老師在公園的照片)

S3:…

T:Yes. I usually go to the park at weekends. I usually fly a kite.

Ss:Fly a kite.

(4)T:Sometimes I bring a lot of food. We have a picnic.

Ss:Have a picnic.

(5)T:What else does Miss Cheng do at weekends?(出示網(wǎng)上聊天的照片) I have an e-friend in the US. So I chat with her on the Internet.

Ss:Chat on the Internet

3. Learn new words

T:How often does Miss Cheng chat on the Internet?

Tips:How often用來(lái)提問(wèn)某動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生的頻率,對(duì)“一段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生了幾次活動(dòng)”(always,usually,often,sometimes等表示頻度的詞或短語(yǔ))提問(wèn)時(shí)用。

This is Miss Chengs calendar. I always read at weekends.

T:So‘a(chǎn)lwayscan get 5 stars.I often chat on the Internet. I sometimes watch TV.

T:How many stars for ‘often?

Ss:3.

T:How many stars for‘sometimes?

Ss:2.

T:Which word can get 4 stars?

S1:usually.

Lets talk

Talk about our weekends

What do you do at weekens?

I always…at weekends?

I usually…

I often…

I sometimes…

4. Watch and judge

T:Who are they?

Ss:Mike and Su Hai.

T:What do they usually do at weekends?Lets watch and judge.

① Su Hai and Su Yang often visit their grandparents.

② Mike doesnt care about his grandparents because he doesnt often visit his grandparents.

③ Mike and Liu Tao dont like sports.

④ Helen loves dancing lessons.

5. Read and match

Read and circle what they do at weekends.

閱讀課文,在文中圈畫(huà)出他們?cè)谥苣┧龅氖虑榈亩陶Z(yǔ)。

Mike Visit grandparents

Play football

Fly a kite

Helen Go to the cinema

Chat with grandparents on the Internet

Play with the cat Kitty

SH and SY Have a picnic

Have a dancing lesson

Have dinner with grandparents

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】:通過(guò)閱讀課文來(lái)逐一了解Mike、Helen、SH and SY 的周末活動(dòng),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的閱讀能力。

6. Read after the tape and fill in the blankets

7. Look and write

Now you are a reporter. Please write down their weekends.

Mike chats with grandparents on the Internet.

Helen has dancing lessons.

SH and SY visit grandparents at weekends

Step4. Consolidation

1. Retell the story

2. Do a survey

Step5. Homework

1. Read the story

2. Finish your survey and be ready for making a report

【改進(jìn)的過(guò)程】:

1. 問(wèn)題診斷

(1)課堂氣氛不活躍,學(xué)生無(wú)話可說(shuō),老師上得很吃力,師生默契度不夠。

(2)在Pre-reading 環(huán)節(jié)中,一般的讀前活動(dòng)是用于激發(fā)學(xué)生文本的興趣,解決問(wèn)題中的語(yǔ)言障礙,所以活動(dòng)不能太枯燥乏味。

(3)自由需適度。

(4)看著板書(shū)復(fù)述課文對(duì)于部分學(xué)生難度較大。

(5)互動(dòng)太單調(diào)。

2. 改進(jìn)建議

(1)打招呼方式的改變,平時(shí)我們都是用一些問(wèn)題來(lái)打招呼,互相了解,這樣學(xué)生習(xí)以為常,但不新穎,所以可以改變下,讓學(xué)生跟聽(tīng)課老師揮揮手,笑一笑,緩解學(xué)生的緊張情緒。

(2)可以讓學(xué)生聽(tīng)一聽(tīng),選一選,連一連,這樣既激發(fā)了學(xué)生閱讀的興趣,也更具有目的性,各環(huán)節(jié)之間也更加緊湊了。

(3)問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)的不要太大,這樣自由度就變小了,有了抓手,問(wèn)題更有針對(duì)性了,課堂效率也就高了。

(4)對(duì)于復(fù)述課文,成績(jī)平平的學(xué)生可以選擇看板書(shū)復(fù)述,成績(jī)較好的學(xué)生可以選擇看圖片來(lái)復(fù)述,根據(jù)自己的水平自由選擇。

(5)互動(dòng)可以個(gè)人互動(dòng)、集體互動(dòng)、小組互動(dòng),形式多樣一點(diǎn)比較好。

【第二次教案】:

Step1:Free talk :

Hello,boys and girls. Nice to meet you .Wave your hands to the teachers. Smile to the teacher in front of you. Well done!Today,Im your new English teacher .(正式介紹)

What day is it today?

How many days are there in a week?

Yes,seven days make a week . Now,a song is for you《My days of the week 》

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】:英語(yǔ)歌曲是提高學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)興趣和學(xué)習(xí)效率的有效方法之一。所以我以一首英文兒歌《My days of the week》導(dǎo)入,從而引出Saturdays and Sundays are the end of the week,通過(guò) week 和end 新授 weekends。

Step2: Presentation

1. Boys and girls,Saturdays and Sundays are the end of the week. week-end:weekend

Weekends are equal to Saturdays and Sundays. So at weekends means:在周末

2. At weekends,Miss Cheng does a lot of things. Do you want to know?Lets enjoy the pictures of my weekends. (欣賞教師的周末圖片)

3. I usually chat on the Internet. My friends and I like listening to music. We often watch films at weekends.

教授:usually chat on the Internet often

T:I do these things at weekends. What do you think of my weekends?Can you give me a word ?(引出 interesting)

T:My weekends are interesting. Are your weekends interesting?

4.引出What do you do at weekends?學(xué)生自由回答,適當(dāng)給出評(píng)價(jià)

5.What about our friendsweekends?Do you want to know?

Look,Who are they?(Mike and Su Hai)

6.Watch and summarize: ___________weekends

T:What kind of weekends do they have?Give me a word .(引出colourful)

T:Their weekends are really colourful. Do you want to know more about them?

A:listen and tick(學(xué)習(xí)Su Hai周末活動(dòng))

Su Hai usually spends her weekends with Su Yang. Because they are twins. Here are six pictures,please listen and tick what Su Hai and Su Yang do at weekends?

教授:visit grandparents play with the cat Kitty have dinner with grandparents

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】:通過(guò)問(wèn)題的形式,讓學(xué)生帶著問(wèn)題去聽(tīng)磁帶,既鍛煉了學(xué)生的聽(tīng)力水平,又能呈現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵性的短語(yǔ)。

If you are Su Hai,can you say sth about your weekends?(缺詞填空)

Guess,what does Mike ask?引出 What do you do at weekends?

B:watch and answer(學(xué)習(xí)Helen的周末活動(dòng))

T:What does Helen do at weekends ?

看完卡通呈現(xiàn)句型:She always has dancing lessons . She sometimes goes to the cinema with her friends.

教授:have dancing lessons go the cinema

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】:通過(guò)watch and answer 的形式學(xué)習(xí)Helen 的周末活動(dòng),讓學(xué)生根據(jù)圖片自己來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)Helen 的周末。

T:Lets distinguish the four words(always,usually,often,sometimes)

Helens weekends are colourful. Maybe Mikes weekends are more colourful. Do you want to have a look?OK,follow me !

C:read and talk((學(xué)習(xí)Mike的周末活動(dòng))

Here are four pictures. What does Mike do at weekends?

Follow the tips:

(1)打開(kāi)書(shū)同桌兩人一起讀課文。

(2)劃出Mike的周末活動(dòng)。

(3)同桌兩人根據(jù)圖片進(jìn)行描述,注意第三人稱單數(shù)。

引出:He usually plays football with Liu Tao at weekends. He sometimes goes to the park with his family. They usually fly a kite and have a picnic there . He chats on the Internet,too.(讓學(xué)生看圖片談?wù)摚?/p>

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】:用read and talk 的形式來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)Mike的周末活動(dòng),在解決完所有新知后,放手讓學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí),提高了學(xué)生的自主學(xué)習(xí)能力。

T:Do you like Mikes weekends?

7. Lets read:

(1)read after the tape.

(2)read after the teacher.

(3)read in roles.

8. Lets enjoy the pictures and say the phrases quickly.

9. Lets say the phrases.(轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)中指針點(diǎn)到哪一幅圖就把這幅圖描述一下)

10. I like Mikes weekends best.Whose weekends do you like best?(讓學(xué)生上黑板說(shuō),可以看屏幕圖片,也可以看著板書(shū)說(shuō))

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】:通過(guò)對(duì)課文的復(fù)述,讓學(xué)生更好地理解課文內(nèi)容,認(rèn)識(shí)到每個(gè)人都有不同的周末以及周末活動(dòng)的豐富性。在解讀文本之后,筆者先利用課文中的圖片制作視頻,讓學(xué)生鞏固周末活動(dòng)詞組,然后制作了一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán),筆者讓學(xué)生來(lái)操練課文的重難點(diǎn),鞏固句型。在這基礎(chǔ)上,讓學(xué)生說(shuō)一說(shuō)文中最喜歡的朋友的周末,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生從詞組到句子再到段落復(fù)述的能力,具有層次性。

Step3:Consolidation

1. T: Do you like their weekends?Their weekends are very interesting and colourful. But I know your weekends are not so interesting. So today I will give a chance to design a nice weekend for yourself. If you have a boring weekend,please design for yourself. If you have a nice weekend,please design for your classmates.

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】:英語(yǔ)教學(xué)除了口頭練習(xí),也要注重寫(xiě)的練習(xí)。特別是到了高年級(jí),學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容更深了,學(xué)生一定要聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)齊頭并進(jìn),才能夠掌握課堂知識(shí)。

2. 請(qǐng)學(xué)生讀一讀設(shè)計(jì)的周末活動(dòng)

3. 贈(zèng)送環(huán)節(jié):幫同學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)周末

T:I hope all of you can have a nice weekend.

4. Enjoy some pictures about the childrens weenkends in abroad.

5. Please remember:Plan your study well,enjoy your weekends as well.

Step4:Homework

1. Listen and imitate the text.

2. Share your nice weekends with your friends.

五、教學(xué)反思

為了系統(tǒng)、合理、高效地實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)過(guò)程,本著以學(xué)生為主體,教師啟發(fā)為主導(dǎo)的原則,筆者把教學(xué)過(guò)程分為文本前、文本中和文本后。

1. 文本前:歌曲激趣,營(yíng)造氛圍

英語(yǔ)歌曲是提高學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)興趣和學(xué)習(xí)效率的有效方法之一。所以筆者以一首英文兒歌My Days Of The Week導(dǎo)入,從而引出Saturdays and Sundays are the end of the week. 通過(guò) week 和end 新授 weekends.

2. 文本中:聯(lián)系實(shí)際,學(xué)習(xí)新知

筆者先呈現(xiàn)自己的周末圖片讓學(xué)生欣賞,然后教授chat on the Internet。通過(guò)豐富的周末活動(dòng)引入課文,先學(xué)習(xí)Su Hai 的周末,通過(guò)Listen and tick 的形式讓學(xué)生選擇出Su Hai的周末活動(dòng),從而逐步學(xué)習(xí)新知 visit grandparents,play with the cat Kitty 和have dinner with grandparents. 然后通過(guò)watch and answer 的形式學(xué)習(xí)Helen 的周末活動(dòng),讓學(xué)生根據(jù)圖片自己來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)Helen 的周末。最后用read and talk 的形式來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)Mike的周末活動(dòng),在解決完所有新知后,放手讓學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí),提高了學(xué)生的自主學(xué)習(xí)能力。

3. 文本后:趣味游戲,鞏固掌握

在解讀文本之后,筆者先利用課文中的圖片制作視頻,讓學(xué)生鞏固周末活動(dòng)詞組,然后制作了一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán),通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)讓學(xué)生來(lái)操練課文的重難點(diǎn),鞏固句型。在這基礎(chǔ)上,讓學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)一說(shuō)文中最喜歡的朋友的周末,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生從詞組到句子再到段落復(fù)述的能力,具有層次性。

英語(yǔ)教學(xué)除了口頭練習(xí),也要注重寫(xiě)的練習(xí)。特別是到了高年級(jí),學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容更深了,學(xué)生一定要聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)齊頭并進(jìn),才能夠掌握課堂知識(shí),所以本課設(shè)計(jì)了design 的環(huán)節(jié),讓學(xué)生自己來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)美好的周末。通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)周末活動(dòng)再次來(lái)鞏固知識(shí)點(diǎn),并且讓學(xué)生在課后分享自己的美好周末??傮w來(lái)說(shuō),修改后的這堂課初讀有所思、品讀有所解、朗讀有所感,在關(guān)注學(xué)生“學(xué)”的同時(shí),更關(guān)注語(yǔ)境的真實(shí)性。

當(dāng)然,無(wú)論一堂課多么精彩、完美,都有不足之處。本節(jié)課結(jié)束后,專家和授課老師都對(duì)這堂課進(jìn)行了反思與交流,在充分肯定優(yōu)點(diǎn)的同時(shí),也提出了一些不足之處。主要表現(xiàn)在:

第一,聚焦學(xué)優(yōu)生多,關(guān)注學(xué)困生少。授課教師提問(wèn)的一般都是舉手的學(xué)生,較少關(guān)注沒(méi)有舉手的學(xué)生。后者有兩種情況:第一種情況是學(xué)生感到?jīng)]有把握,怕說(shuō)錯(cuò),不敢舉手;第二種情況是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)有困難,不會(huì)回答老師的提問(wèn)。教師如何在課上關(guān)注這些學(xué)生,值得思考。例如:對(duì)缺乏自信的學(xué)生給予鼓勵(lì),引導(dǎo)他們大膽發(fā)言;對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)有困難的學(xué)生,給予必要的關(guān)心,提出與他們實(shí)際能力相符合的學(xué)習(xí)要求,逐漸引導(dǎo)他們參與課堂活動(dòng)。

第二,課堂上教師主導(dǎo)多,學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)少。雖然課堂氣氛好,過(guò)程緊湊,環(huán)環(huán)相扣,但學(xué)生都是跟著老師的思路走,缺少自主探究的活動(dòng)。一節(jié)理想的課堂,不一定是從頭到尾都繃得緊緊的,有松有馳,有快有慢,動(dòng)靜結(jié)合,學(xué)習(xí)效果可能會(huì)更好。

第三,預(yù)設(shè)少,生成少。主要表現(xiàn)為學(xué)生都是根據(jù)教師的多媒體課件、板書(shū)、圖片、課文錄音,一步步展開(kāi)學(xué)習(xí),離開(kāi)教師的預(yù)設(shè),學(xué)生似乎就邁不開(kāi)步子。

第四,發(fā)散性問(wèn)題較少,細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題較多。這是一節(jié)公開(kāi)課,教師不敢放手太多,也許是擔(dān)心學(xué)生不會(huì)回答,擔(dān)心冷場(chǎng)。但是,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的發(fā)散性思維和創(chuàng)新能力是新課程倡導(dǎo)的理念,課堂因生成而精彩,每位教師都應(yīng)該朝這個(gè)方向努力。

(編輯:趙 悅)

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