李蔓 韋靈
【摘要】外研版英語八年級上冊Module 10 Unit 1以“天氣”與“氣溫”為話題,與學生生活息息相關,教師在教學時創(chuàng)設情境可以提高學生的學習熱情,順利攻克教學難點;在聽說教學中滲透技巧指導,提高學生能力;課本雖是簡單的日常對話,但背后蘊藏著文化的差異以及與現(xiàn)實生活之間的聯(lián)系,教師挖掘文本從而超越文本。
【關鍵詞】英語聽說教學 創(chuàng)設情境 技巧指導 挖掘文本
【中圖分類號】G 【文獻標識碼】A
【文章編號】0450-9889(2018)07A-0098-04
新課標要求,初中英語教學不僅要培養(yǎng)學生基本英語素養(yǎng)和發(fā)展學生思維能力,還要提高學生綜合人文素養(yǎng)。學生通過英語學習,能夠掌握基本的英語語言知識,發(fā)展基本的聽、說、讀、寫技能,逐步形成用英語與他人交流的能力,進一步促進思維能力的發(fā)展。教師在教學的過程中要盡可能地為學生創(chuàng)造真實的語境,鼓勵學生通過實踐參與探究和合作的方式,逐步掌握語言知識和技能,不斷調整情感態(tài)度,發(fā)展自主學習能力,并提供貼近學生、貼近生活、貼近時代的英語學習資源,創(chuàng)造性地開發(fā)和利用現(xiàn)實生活中鮮活的英語學習資源,拓展學生學習和運用英語的渠道。因此,提高文本解讀能力是教師基于語篇內容培養(yǎng)學生學科素養(yǎng)、提高課堂教學時效和學生學習質量的關鍵。下面以外研版英語八年級上冊Module 10 Weather Unit 1 It might snow教學設計為例進行說明,該課例榮獲柳州市第十七屆中學青年教師匯報課評比一等獎。
一、教材分析
“天氣”話題與人們的生活息息相關,是西方人在日常生活中經常談論的話題。本模塊的第一單元由貝蒂和玲玲要去滑冰引出了談論天氣的對話,課本借助這樣一個常見的場景,輕松地導入了談論天氣的習慣表達和表示可能性的詞匯和句型。在理解文本的基礎上,由“天氣”擴展到去一個地方旅游的最佳時間等內容,與學生的生活聯(lián)系緊密,能有效地提高學生的學習興趣。
二、學情分析
在知識儲備上,八年級的學生已經學會如何對天氣進行描述,但是對于描述天氣的部分詞匯的詞性關注不夠。在本課中,溫度的表達以及運用might/may/probably對天氣進行猜測,屬于新知和重點內容,需要教師通過創(chuàng)設情境,并以活動為載體,將詞匯與句型融會貫通。八年級的學生在英語學習上開始出現(xiàn)兩極分化,因而教師需要特別注意課堂的趣味性,同時兼顧扎實訓練,緩解兩極分化的情況。
【教學目標】
一、語言知識目標
(一)詞匯:能夠背誦并運用cloud,snow, storm, cloudy, rainy, snowy, sunny, windy, skate, thick, ice, joke, might, temperature, degree, although, wet, neither, terrible, wish, probably等單詞。
(二)語法:能夠正確運用表示可能性的單詞和句型:might/may do sth,it is probably...
二、語言技能目標
(一)聽:能夠對照天氣示意圖,聽懂天氣預報;
(二)說:能夠談論、描述天氣情況。
三、情感態(tài)度目標
通過對天氣這個話題的探討,培養(yǎng)學習地理知識的愿望和興趣。
四、學習策略目標
學會合作學習及自主學習。
五、文化意識
了解世界各地的天氣情況。
【教學實錄與設計意圖】
片段一:Lead-in
1.Enjoy the song How is the weather?
T:Do you like songs? Lets listen to a song together. And then please tell me what the weather is.
(Students listen to the song)
T:What is the song about?
Ss:Its about weather.
T:Yes. Today our topic is weather. Read the title please.
T:Can you say some words about weather?
Ss:Sunny, rainy, cloudy...
2.Use some signs of the weather to learn the new words.
T:Now look at the pictures. No.1, whats the weather like?
S:Its...(Look at the pictures)
T:Group 1, 2, 3, 4, please.
T:Now lets read all these words together. Sunny, sunny. One two go!
3.Missing game
T:Good job! Big hands for all of you! Do you like games? Now lets play a game,Missing game. 30 seconds for you to remember the words. Then tell me what is missing. No. 1, you please.
Ss:Sunny!
4.Learn to read temperature
T:Do you know how to read the temperature? Look at this one, how to read it? Whats the temperature?
Ss:Its...
T:What will the temperature be like tomorrow?
Ss:It might be...
5.Practice reading temperature
T:Boys and girls, now its time to relax, so lets play a game. Please pay attention to the temperature box, you may get temperature or surprise.
6.Listen and choose the correct answer
T:Just now we talked about weather and temperature. Now lets listen to a short dialogue and learn about the weather in some big cities. Please choose the correct information. Ready? Go!
(Students listen to the small dialogue)
T:Now lets check the answer together.
…
7.Pair work
T:Look! This is a map of China. Please choose a city you like to talk about its weather and temperature with your desk mates. I will give you two minutes to practice. Ready? Go!
設計意圖:以一曲活潑英文歌曲導入,激活課堂,同時復習提問天氣的詞句;通過看圖、聽音的方式復習舊知,引出新知;再以游戲的方式,檢測學生對天氣單詞的掌握情況;溫度的操練由易到難,通過游戲檢測溫度的讀法,鞏固新知,為后面的第一個文本小聽力鋪墊;設計小聽力的目的在于訓練學生聽懂天氣預報、把握細節(jié),為接下來的第二個文本學習做準備。兩人練習進行天氣預報,為最后的大輸出環(huán)節(jié)鋪墊。
片段二:Presentation
1.Learn the new words and key structure by creating a situation.
1) They may go to Hainan Island.
T:Look! Who are they?
S:He is Jasper. She is Xiao Paofu.
T:Do you like them? Next week, they will go travelling .Can you guess where they will go? Here are three places for them to choose. Lets go and see. I think they may go to Hainan Island. Look at the pictures. How is the weather?
Ss:Its probably sunny and hot.
T:Whats the temperature?
Ss:It is probably between nineteen and twenty-five degrees centigrade.
(Play the sound of thunder)
T:But the weather forecast says it is probably stormy. Look at this word, boys please,girls please. Lets read the sentence! It is probably stormy.
2) They may go to Chengdu.
T:They may go to Chengdu. What can they do in Chengdu?
3) They may go to Snow Town.
T:If I were they, I would go to Snow Town. Look! What can they do in Snow Town.
Ss:They can make snowmen! They can skate there!
T:Do you like it? The weather forecast says it might snow! Read this sentence together! We can also say it might be snowy. Follow me, please.
2. Make a summary about how to use may, might and probably.
T:Now lets read all these sentences together. And pay attention to read words.
Ss:① It is probably sunny and hot.
②It may be between nineteen and twenty-five degrees centigrade.
③ It might snow.
④ It might be snowy.
T:When we talk about the weather in the future, we will use them. And this is the difference of them. 表示可能性的詞語中,probably大于 may大于 might。
設計意圖:通過創(chuàng)設《爸爸去哪兒》欄目組即將出發(fā)去錄節(jié)目的情境,為Jasper等萌娃提供三個可供選擇的地方,將本單元與天氣有關的重點詞匯與核心結構might/may do something, it is probably...融入到情境中,同時通過多種方式的操練,讓學生在情境中扎實掌握新知,幫助學生深入理解后面的聽力文本,理解文本內容的邏輯關系。
片段三:Listening
1. Watch and answer the questions.
T:Jasper and his friends will go to Snow Town. Our old friends Betty and Lingling,they also go out to play. Now lets enjoy a video of them and answer the questions. This time please pay attention to the main idea. Before watching, lets read these two questions together.
Ss:①What are they talking about?
②What are they going to do?
T:Have you got the answers? Now lets check.
T:Excellent! You have a good listening.
2. Listen and choose the correct answers.
1) Whats the weather like today?
2) Whats the temperature?
3) Whats the weather like in Australia?
3. Read and check the true sentences.
T:This time lets read and check the true sentences. Please pay attention to the details. Ready? Go!
(Students listen to the dialogue)
T:Dont forget Miss Weis tip, listen carefully and pay attention to the differences between sentences here and those in the text.
設計意圖:第一遍聽力設置了兩個問題,旨在引導學生通過回答問題,掌握文本的主旨大意,為把握細節(jié)鋪墊。第二遍聽力設置了三個問題,旨在引導學生通過回答問題掌握文本的細節(jié)。第三遍讓學生齊讀對話,判斷句子的正誤并修改錯誤之處,旨在讓學生通過比較現(xiàn)有信息與自己捕捉到的信息的不同之處,提高學生辨認信息的能力。最后,教師點撥聽力技巧,幫助學生提升能力。
片段四:Role play
T:From the conversation, we learn the weather of different countries. Mary and her family will come to China for holiday. Here are three places for them to choose. Can you help them? Please choose one city for them. Four students in a group, please make a dialogue like this.
A:Hi, Mary! We advise you travel to .
B:Yes. Next week. It might .
C:The temperature is probably .
D:In this city, you can .
A, B, C, D:Have a nice trip.
T:I will give you three minutes to practice and then I will invite some of you to give performance here. Clear? Lets go.
T:Have you finished? Which group wants to show your performance? This group, please.
(Group 1 gives performance)
T:What do you think about their performance? Good, very good or wonderful?
Ss:Wonderful!
T:I agree with you! They can speak loudly and clearly. Big hands for them!
設計意圖:本活動是一個生成性的口語活動。學生要能在情境中談論天氣、氣溫等話題,這一活動旨在幫助學生鞏固本節(jié)課的重點詞匯、短語以及核心結構,引導學生將輸入的內容內化并輸出,擴展到談論生活中類似的事件,學以致用。
【評析】
(一)話題簡明,主線清晰
本課的話題是天氣,它與人們的生活息息相關,是西方人,尤其是英國人在日常生活中經常談論的話題。本課由貝蒂和玲玲要去滑冰引出了談論天氣的對話,借助這樣一個常見的場景,輕松地導入了談論天氣的習慣表達和表示可能性的詞匯和句型。在這一話題之下,教師將相關的內容串成一條線,通過歌曲、游戲、創(chuàng)設情境和影音感知、訓練、輸出拓展等形式,將核心詞匯與結構融會貫通,極大地優(yōu)化了語言環(huán)境,讓學生在豐富的活動中感知、學習、運用語言,激發(fā)學生的學習興趣,調動學生參與課堂的積極性。
(二)創(chuàng)設旅游情境,助力詞句教學
本節(jié)課結合學生認知水平,借用綜藝節(jié)目《爸爸去哪兒》第五季創(chuàng)設情境,將學生引入到了課堂氛圍中,讓學生在情境中感知核心結構。開課伊始,教師播放《爸爸去哪兒》第五季的片頭,瞬間將學生帶入情境,隨后通過動態(tài)圖片展示海南、成都和雪鄉(xiāng)三個旅游勝地,帶領學生一起了解這三個地方的天氣情況以及相關活動,自然再現(xiàn)新詞snowy/stormy/windy/temperature/degree/thick/ice/probably/terrible/skate,并操練句型it is probably.../it may be.../it might be...,在學生熟知并感興趣的情境中,本課的詞句教學得以扎實推進,重難點得以自然攻破。
(三)聽說教學,滲透技巧指導
本課是一節(jié)聽說課,在聽說教學的過程中,執(zhí)教者注重對學生進行聽力技巧的指導:通過看視頻回答兩個問題,抓住對話的主旨大意;通過閱讀聽力題目,勾畫關鍵詞,把握文本的細節(jié);通過判斷句子的正誤,提高辨識信息的能力。這些技巧的指導,由淺入深,逐層推進,既能夠滿足不同層次學生的需求,尊重學生之間的差異,又能夠實實在在地幫助學生學會如何在聽力活動中獲取甚至辨識關鍵信息,提高其理解信息的能力,為后面的說打下扎實基礎。
(四)基于文本,挖掘文本
教材為執(zhí)教者和學生呈現(xiàn)的是一個簡單的日常對話,但背后卻蘊藏著文化的差異以及與現(xiàn)實生活之間的聯(lián)系。本課對話的主要內容為天氣以及氣溫,這一現(xiàn)象與我們的日常生活息息相關,它對于外出旅游的人來說尤為重要,因而在突破重難點以及拓展輸出環(huán)節(jié),執(zhí)教者選擇了創(chuàng)設一虛、一實的情境;在輸出環(huán)節(jié),學生為Mary一家從紐約、倫敦以及悉尼三個城市中選擇一個出行的目標城市,運用文本中所學的天氣、氣溫等相關活動的知識,幫助Mary一家解決實際問題,從而超越文本。
(責編 劉小瑗)