本期專輯的策劃出版，實則緣于一個偶然的契機(jī)。戊戌春節(jié)過后，《建筑師》雜志編輯部接到了瑞士駐華大使館的邀約，派劉川編輯赴瑞士進(jìn)行建筑考察。原本最初的計劃是向在瑞士學(xué)習(xí)和工作的建筑學(xué)人約稿，做個專欄，誰想各位作者的熱情遠(yuǎn)超預(yù)期。于是在劉川編輯的努力落實下，就有了本期“瑞士當(dāng)代建筑”專輯。

當(dāng)然，盡管專輯的誕生源于一次建筑考察，但瑞士的建筑與教育也十分值得版面與聚焦。這個國家面積不大，卻擁有極美麗的風(fēng)光：森林草地，山川湖泊，應(yīng)有盡有。不過除了自然景致，其現(xiàn)當(dāng)代建筑的豐富性與多樣性毫不遜色。我們知道，在瑞士有許多風(fēng)格流派，如伯爾尼學(xué)派、索洛圖恩學(xué)派、提契諾學(xué)派、格勞賓登學(xué)派、巴塞爾學(xué)派等，它們的源流與發(fā)展各有不同，卻看似都擁有一個共性——崇尚簡約和適度。這個富裕安定又高度發(fā)達(dá)的國家建造了大量簡約、適度、含蓄但不乏精致的高品質(zhì)建筑，許是建筑師們“不信奉差異，不喜歡另類”[伯納德·霍斯利(Bernhard Hoesli)原本批判的語氣評述瑞士人的性格]的設(shè)計理念使然。

毋庸置疑，瑞士建筑享譽(yù)世界，與瑞士建筑師們的國際影響力密不可分。其中，最具代表性也最著名的當(dāng)屬勒·柯布西耶(Le Corbusier)——這位來自瑞士拉紹德封的建筑巨匠、現(xiàn)代主義建筑的主要倡導(dǎo)者，對國際現(xiàn)代建筑流派的發(fā)展作出了極其重要的貢獻(xiàn)。不過由于勒·柯布西耶后來加入法籍的緣故，人們或許更常將他與法國聯(lián)系起來。但瑞士并不缺乏“土生土長”的超級明星建筑師，如2001年的普利茨克獎得主雅克·赫爾佐格(Jacques Herzog)、皮埃爾·德·梅隆(Pierre de Meuron)，2009年的普利茨克獎得主彼得·卒姆托(Peter Zumtor)，提契諾州學(xué)派的代表人物馬里奧·博塔(Mario Botta)。生在委內(nèi)瑞拉的克里斯蒂安·克雷茲(Christian Kerez)也是在瑞士開展建筑師職業(yè)生涯，并具有重要影響的一位……

與此同時，瑞士建筑對功能與細(xì)節(jié)的把握、對品質(zhì)的追求無疑可以讓建筑師們從爭逐噱頭的風(fēng)潮中冷靜下來：造型的震撼和形式的迥異固然可以是建筑作品成功的一個因素，但是對建筑材料、空間、技術(shù)、細(xì)部的精準(zhǔn)研究仍必不可少。克制，也是一種選擇。

承蒙各位作、譯者的大力支持和編輯們的積極努力，從約稿到編輯加工、排版、印裝成冊，“瑞士當(dāng)代建筑”專輯在短短三四個月內(nèi)迅速完成。首先，感謝瑞士駐華大使館組織的考察活動，促成了這期專輯的開始。其次，感謝各篇文章的作、譯者及受訪者，為讀者們呈現(xiàn)了一個瑞士現(xiàn)當(dāng)代建筑理論、建筑教育和建筑師實踐的概況。由于組稿時間格外緊張，難免出現(xiàn)不周與遺憾，敬請廣大讀者諒解，并歡迎批評指正。

2016年夏天，我用了八天時間欣賞瑞士的風(fēng)光與建筑。盡管每天馬不停蹄地奔走，依舊有很多大師作品未來得及探訪，好在有這本專輯填補(bǔ)了尚不全面的認(rèn)知，其余便留待未來了。

《建筑師》雜志主編

2018年6月10日于北京

Foreword

The birth to this special issue of“Contemporary Architecture in Switzerland”was indeed given by an opportunity by mere coincidence.After the spring festival of 2018,we had the honor of receiving an invitation from Embassy of Switzerland in China, thus to send our editor Liu Chuan on an architectural voyage around Switzerland.The initial intention was just to organize a special column for architects and scholars studying or working in Switzerland,which ultimately turned out to be this special issue due to the enthusiasm of our contributors and the effort of Liu Chuan.

Though this special issue originated from a voyage, the architecture and its education in Switzerland deserve definitely our focus as well as a collection of essays.Splendid landscape stretches around the small territory of this country: from the solemn Alpine Mountain down to the various glacier-formed lakes, from the stern subalpine forests to the mild lower meadows — Switzerland plays sparkling magic in its landscape in front of human eyes.In addition, one might as well be astonished by the equivalent richness and diversity of its contemporary architecture — the Bern School, the Solothurn School, the Ticino School,the Graubünden School, the Basel School — a variety of Swiss styles known to us.The origins and evolutions of these schools differentiate, however share a common character — a kind of Swiss frugality and simplicity.In this highly developed country of wealth and stability, there have emerged a great number of high quality projects of simplicity, moderation as well as elegancy, which are presumably due to the idea — “the different is suspect, the exceptional is not welcome and genius is ignored.” — as described in Bernhard Hoesli’s critical tone over the Swiss character.

The world-wide fame of Swiss architecture is, without a doubt, closely related to the international implications by Swiss architects.Le Corbusier, a young man from the peripheral La Chaux-de-Fonds who later turned himself into a chief advocator of Modernism architecture,should have ranked first among his Swiss contemporaries.Though there are so many crucial contributions made by Le Corbusier to the development of the international modern architecture, this homme célèbre is thought to be more attached to France for his changing of the nationality.Yet, Switzerland is by no means short of “native” super architect stars — to name a few here: Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron, the 2001 Pritzker Prize winner; Peter Zumthor, the 2009 Pritzker Prize winner; or Mario Botta, the leading figure of Ticino School.The Venezuela-born Christian Kerez is also one of the influential architects that are now practicing in Switzerland.

Meanwhile, the strict control of programming and details and the pursuit of Qualit?t in Swiss architecture can definitely calm its architects down from marketing stunts or fame-seeking.Of course, the shocking power of Gestaltung and the distinction of Form could be one of the fundamental factors to the success of a project, yet the precision in the research on materials, space, technology and details is always indispensable.Restraint can be a choice.

Indebted to the support of all the writers and translators and the effort of our editors, this special issue of “Contemporary Architecture in Switzerland” came out within a short period of merely four months, from arrangement to editing and eventually to publication.First of all, we give our sincere thanks to the excursion organized by Embassy of Switzerland in China.Secondly, we shall express thanks to all the writers, translators and interviewees, for their contribution to an in-depth synopsis of modern and contemporary theory, education and practice in Swiss architecture.Due to the tight schedule of this issue, we sincerely beg for our readers’forgiveness as well as criticism of any defect.

I went on a trip of eight days to Switzerland in the summer of 2016, spending all the days rushing among the beautiful scenery by the Nature and the masterpieces by the brilliant Swiss architects.To me, this special issue fills up my limited knowledge of Swiss architecture.Hopefully I could have more chances returning to Switzerland in the future.

(Translated by Jiang Jiawei)

Wang Lihui

Chief Editor ofThe Architect

June 10th, 2018/Beijing