李 博，鐘建榮，王欣欣，李嘯天，金 璐，曹玉超，繆 律，黎涌明

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網(wǎng)球遞增變向擊球測(cè)試（H&TTT）推算公式評(píng)價(jià)大學(xué)業(yè)余男子網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員最大攝氧量效度的研究

李 博，鐘建榮，王欣欣，李嘯天，金 璐，曹玉超，繆 律，黎涌明

上海體育學(xué)院 體育教育訓(xùn)練學(xué)院, 上海 200438

網(wǎng)球遞增變向擊球測(cè)試；最大攝氧量；峰值攝氧量；效度

1 前言

網(wǎng)球是典型的間歇性運(yùn)動(dòng)，高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)與間歇性休息是網(wǎng)球比賽的基本特征[2]。網(wǎng)球比賽中平均每得一分球所需的時(shí)間為4～10 s[9,12,15,24]，比賽中運(yùn)動(dòng)與休息的時(shí)間比值為1:1～1:4[9,12,18,22]，比賽中運(yùn)動(dòng)員約85%的時(shí)間處于0～7 km/h的低速運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)間（走）[12]。良好的有氧能力一方面有助于運(yùn)動(dòng)員承受長(zhǎng)達(dá)1～5 h的比賽，另一方面有助于運(yùn)動(dòng)員在回合間實(shí)現(xiàn)快速恢復(fù)[19,21]。

2 研究對(duì)象與方法

2.1 研究對(duì)象

16名某體育學(xué)院體育教育專業(yè)大學(xué)三年級(jí)網(wǎng)球?qū)＿x班學(xué)生（年齡22.2±1.7歲，身高175±5 cm，體重69.2±6.1 kg，訓(xùn)練年限4.3±2.4年，網(wǎng)球?qū)ｍ?xiàng)訓(xùn)練年限2.3±0.8年）自愿參加本測(cè)試并簽署知情同意書。所有受試者測(cè)試前均熟知測(cè)試流程、要求和可能存在的危險(xiǎn)，在測(cè)試前一天未參加劇烈的身體活動(dòng)，測(cè)試當(dāng)天保持正常飲食習(xí)慣，測(cè)試前2 h內(nèi)未進(jìn)食。

2.2 研究方法

圖1 網(wǎng)球遞增變向擊球測(cè)試場(chǎng)地安排與受試者步伐要求示意圖[14]

Figure1. Running and Hitting Court Position during the H&TTT

圖2 網(wǎng)球遞增變向擊球測(cè)試時(shí)間安排與擊球辦法示意圖[14]

Figure2. Timing and Hitting Approach during the H&TTT

2.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析

3 研究結(jié)果

表1 網(wǎng)球遞增變向擊球測(cè)試完成等級(jí)數(shù)和生理學(xué)結(jié)果

4 分析與討論

表2 不同平滑和取值方式的O2peak-實(shí)測(cè)差異性及其與O2max-推算的相關(guān)性

本研究得到的最大心率和峰值血乳酸分別為194±7次/min和10.09±3.32 mmol/L，結(jié)束時(shí)的主觀疲勞度為16.4±2.4（非常吃力），最大心率與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致，峰值血乳酸略高于文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道。Ferrauti等的研究中成年男子網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員H&TTT中的平均最大心率為198±7次/min，峰值血乳酸為8.4±1.3 mmol/L[14]。Urso等的研究中高水平網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員H&TTT的最大心率為198.9±8.6次/min，峰值血乳酸為7.74±2.43 mmol/L，業(yè)余網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員最大心率為194.9±7.1次/min，峰值血乳酸為7.12±1.68 mmol/L，不同運(yùn)動(dòng)水平H&TTT的最大心率與峰值血乳酸之間不存在顯著差異[27]。

5 結(jié)論與展望

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Validity of Hit & Turn Tennis Test (H&TTT) Formula in Evaluating Maximum Oxygen Uptake in Collegiate Amateur Male Tennis Players

LI Bo, ZHONG Jian-rong,WANG Xin-xin, LI Xiao-tian, JIN Lu, CAO Yu-chao, MIAO Lv, LI Yong-ming

Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China

G804.2

A

2017-11-07；

2018-10-29

國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31500963);上海市科委科研計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(18080503400)。

李博,男,在讀博士研究生,主要研究方向?yàn)榫W(wǎng)球的運(yùn)動(dòng)生物學(xué)特征,E-mail:412001625@qq.com。

1000-677X(2018)12-0062-06

10.16469/j.css.201812007