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學(xué)好with結(jié)構(gòu),既增分又添彩

2019-01-10 12:17新疆
教學(xué)考試(高考英語) 2019年2期
關(guān)鍵詞:語法結(jié)構(gòu)添彩書面

新疆

with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是高中英語學(xué)習(xí)中一種常見的語法結(jié)構(gòu),在人教版高中教材里其復(fù)現(xiàn)率很高。教師怎樣指導(dǎo)學(xué)生把這種高級表達(dá)方式學(xué)會、學(xué)好,進(jìn)而應(yīng)用到高考英語書面表達(dá)中,豐富學(xué)生的作文,使學(xué)生的文章靚起來、美起來呢?

賞讀課本中的with結(jié)構(gòu)美句,提升對它的感性認(rèn)識

(一)無處不在的with結(jié)構(gòu)(以人教版高中教材為例)

必修一(Unit 1)Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.

必修二(Unit 4)After a while she saw some zebra with black and white lines going beneath their stomachs.

必修三(Unit 3)Oh,please remember that if we ask for too much we may get no salary at all;and then what’ll happen to us,with no way in the world to earn a living?

必修四(Unit 3)The reporter showed many noodle trees with the farmers pulling noodles off them and putting them into baskets.

必修五(Unit 1)He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.

選修六(Unit 2)With so many different forms of poetry to choose from,students may eventually want to write poems of their own.

選修七(Unit 3)I’m sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day—a day of pure magic!

選修八(Unit 2)Diversity in a group means having animals with their genes arranged in different ways.

(二)精彩紛呈的語言魅力

從上面例句中,我們可以看出with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在書面語中是一種常用的語法結(jié)構(gòu),也是一種極為多彩多姿的句型。運用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),會使一幅幅生動的畫面展現(xiàn)在我們面前——結(jié)構(gòu)豐富、詞匯優(yōu)美的佳句美文,讓我們從不同的角度感受英語語言的魅力無限:

首先,展現(xiàn)簡潔之美。語言的美,不是體現(xiàn)在詞有多難,句型有多復(fù)雜,恰恰是簡潔使得with結(jié)構(gòu)微妙無比和韻味無窮!

其次,體現(xiàn)清新之美。在寫作時,若學(xué)生可以恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂脀ith句式,會給作文增加不一樣的新鮮感,讀起來讓人眼前一亮,也會給閱卷老師帶來不一樣的體驗。

第三,體現(xiàn)生動形象之美。with結(jié)構(gòu)的形式非常靈活,其表達(dá)的意思多種多樣。學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)并掌握它,可以使作文信息的描述更為生動,行文不枯燥、不平淡。

學(xué)習(xí)with結(jié)構(gòu)的基本用法,增加對它的理性了解

一般來說,with結(jié)構(gòu)在句中通常作狀語,可位于句首或句尾,常作時間、原因、方式和伴隨狀語。with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的基本構(gòu)成方式:

(1)“with+n./pron.+v.-ing”在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動或正在進(jìn)行的動作。例如:

Meanwhile,with the price of gold going up,South Africa’s economy was good.

With winter coming on,it’s time to buy warm clothes.

(2)“with+n./pron.+v.-ed.”在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞表示被動或已經(jīng)完成的動作。例如:

All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.

She could not leave with her painful duty unfinished.

(3)“with+n./pron.+to do”在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作。例如:

With five minutes to go before the last train left,we arrived at St.Pancras.

I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash.

(4)“with+n./pron.+prep.phrase”在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞短語表示狀態(tài)或說明情況。例如:

His wife came down the stairs,with her2-year-old son in her arms.

He was asleep with his head on his arms.

(5)“with+n./pron. + adj.”在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞常表示狀態(tài)。

Sentences today range from5or6words to70,with the majority not far more than20.

He used to sleep with all the windows open.

(6)“with+n./pron. + adv.”在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的副詞常表示情況或狀態(tài)。

With John away,we’ve got more room.

One family lived in a house with tall trees all round.

(7)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)除了作狀語,還可以作后置定語。如:

Do you know the woman with a baby in her arms?

She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides.

品鑒高考試題中的with結(jié)構(gòu),讓它為我們增分添彩

(一)巧用高考試題,學(xué)習(xí)在“語法填空”中是如何考查with結(jié)構(gòu)的

(1)(2018年全國卷Ⅲ,改編)With his message delivered,he allowed me to stay and watch.

(2)(2018年全國卷 Ⅱ, 改編)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—with the government starting a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by7.7million tons.

(3)(2017年全國卷Ⅰ, 改編)With fat and salt removed from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.

從上述例句中我們可以看出,with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的用法靈活且復(fù)雜,復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞/代詞與后面的分詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式構(gòu)成賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語的關(guān)系,但在邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,教師在指導(dǎo)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)時要尤其注意這一點。如:

With my homework finished(= After I finished my homework 作業(yè)被完成后),I went fishing with my father.

In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.(=while your feet are pointing at another person.)

(二)巧借他山之石,掌握with結(jié)構(gòu)在作文中的妙用

1.近年高考范文及高分作文中的with結(jié)構(gòu)

(1)(2018 年全國卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))With a wide range of sports facilities in our school,students enjoy all kinds of sports.

(2)(2018 年全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))In addition,it’s better to arrive early with some appropriate gifts in hand.

(3)(2017 年全國卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))For example,at first,the new players are required to play table tennis for one hour every day with the skilled players instructing.

(4)(2018年北京卷書面表達(dá)第二節(jié))Soon the tea room became lively with every international student trying to make their own tea.

以上作文都使用了with結(jié)構(gòu),這不僅使句子表達(dá)規(guī)范、準(zhǔn)確、清晰,而且語言流暢、生動、簡潔,大大提升了文章的檔次,給文章增色不少。

這些句子再次使我們感受到了with結(jié)構(gòu)的重要性,它是作文中的亮點句式,是閱卷老師的給分點之一。

2.讓with結(jié)構(gòu)為作文增分添彩

高考英語書面表達(dá)評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的第五檔要求:“應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯,語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯誤,但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級詞匯所致”。with結(jié)構(gòu)在作文中的運用,突破了使用簡單句所帶來的單調(diào)乏味,使文章生動活潑、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,同時也能彰顯出學(xué)生的英語寫作水平。

各種長句在作文中的運用固然帶來了復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu),但考場上時間畢竟有限,在有限的時間里,學(xué)生怎樣才能寫出連貫并可提升檔次的作文呢?筆者認(rèn)為with結(jié)構(gòu)的使用,不但可以表達(dá)相對多的信息,使文章表述更為精確,結(jié)構(gòu)更為緊湊,句子更為簡潔明了且生動形象,更提升了學(xué)生的作文檔次。

在平常的教學(xué)中,教師可以通過以下方式來培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對with結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)用能力:

第一,當(dāng)學(xué)生想表達(dá)含有“隨著……”的含義時,教師要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生有意識地選擇with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),如:Nowadays,most farmers use artificial chemical products on their farms.With time passing by,the chemicals accumulate and enter the deep soil,polluting the ground water,which will serve as our drinking water.(現(xiàn)在,大多數(shù)農(nóng)民在他們的農(nóng)場里使用人造化學(xué)產(chǎn)品。隨著時間的推移,化學(xué)物質(zhì)積累并進(jìn)入深層土壤,污染地下水,而地下水將成為我們的飲用水。)

第二,當(dāng)學(xué)生想表達(dá)“如果……”時,教師要提醒學(xué)生有意識地使用 with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),如:What’s more,with time and weather permitting,I will enjoy jogging or playing basketball with my classmates on the playground,tired but happy.(更重要的是,如果時間和天氣允許的話,我會慢跑或與我的同學(xué)在操場上打籃球,雖然累但很高興。)

第三,當(dāng)學(xué)生想用動詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語作狀語,而又要帶上邏輯主語時,教師要告訴學(xué)生有意識地使用 with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),如:John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work finished,he gladly accepted it.(約翰收到一份宴請函而且他的工作也干完了,他就欣然接受了邀請。)

如此,在高考書面表達(dá)訓(xùn)練中,教師不僅僅要指導(dǎo)學(xué)生把考題要求的意思表達(dá)清楚,更要指導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過靈活使用一些高級句式,讓學(xué)生的文章出文采、靚起來。with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在作文中的恰當(dāng)應(yīng)用,會起到很好的增分添彩的作用。

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