徐哲 李軒澤 楊龍 王建吉 葉川
【摘要】 目的:分析單向倒刺線在不同BMI的初次全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)中深層組織縫合的臨床療效。方法:選取2016年1月-2018年8月本院收治的136例膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者,按照亞洲人體重指數(shù)(BMI)分級標準將其分為四組,A組為BMI正常(18.5~22.9 kg/m2)患者(n=44)、B組為BMI偏胖(23.0~24.9 kg/m2)患者(n=20)、C組為BMI肥胖(25.0~29.9 kg/m2)患者(n=58)、D組為BMI重度肥胖(≥30 kg/m2)患者(n=14)。比較各組術(shù)前及術(shù)后1、3、6、9周的VAS評分、WOMAC評分及Lequesne評分,觀察并記錄縫合時間及費用、隱性失血量、止痛藥物使用量、住院天數(shù)及切口并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果:四組術(shù)前VAS評分、WOMAC評分、Lequesne評分比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);但術(shù)后1周,D組的VAS評分高于其他三組(P<0.05);術(shù)后9周,四組的關(guān)節(jié)功能及疼痛評分比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。四組的縫合時間及費用、隱性失血量、住院天數(shù)比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);D組非甾體類抗炎藥使用量高于其他三組(P<0.05)。A、B、C、D組切口并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率分別為9.09%、10.00%、10.34%、50.00%,D組切口并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率高于其他三組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:單向倒刺線雖是一種方便、快捷的縫合方式,但當應用于重度肥胖患者時可增加其止痛藥物的使用量和切口并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 單向倒刺線; 全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù); 體重指數(shù)
Study on the Application of Unidirectional Barbed Wire in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty with Different BMI/XU Zhe,LI Xuanze,YANG Long,et al.//Medical Innovation of China,2019,16(26):00-005
【Abstract】 Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of unilateral barbed wire in deep tissue suture in primary total knee arthroplasty with different BMI.Method:A total of 136 patients with knee osteoarthritis admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to August 2018 were selected,according to the Asian body mass index(BMI) classification standard,they were divided into four groups:group A was normal (18.5-22.9 kg/m2) patients(n=44),group B was overweight (23.0-24.9 kg/m2) patients (n=20),group C was obese(25.0-29.9 kg/m2) patients(n=58),and group D was severely obese(≥30 kg/m2) patients (n=14).VAS scores,WOMAC scores and Lequesne scores were compared before and after surgery at 1,3,6 and 9 weeks,the time and cost of suture,occult blood loss,analgesic dosage,length of hospital stay and incision complications were observed and recorded.Result:Comparison of preoperative VAS score,WOMAC score and Lequesne score in the four groups showed no statistically significant differences(P>0.05).However,the VAS score of group D was higher than those of the other three groups one week after surgery(P<0.05).Nine weeks after the operation,there were no statistically significant differences in joint function and pain scores between the four groups(P>0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in suture time and cost,invisible blood loss and length of stay in the four groups(P>0.05).The amount of nsaids in group D was higher than those in the other three groups(P<0.05).The incidence of incision complications in group A, B, C and D was 9.09%,10.00%,10.34% and 50.00%,respectively,the incidence of incision complications in group D was higher than those in the other three groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:Although one way barbed wire is a convenient and quick suture method,it can increase the use of analgesic drugs and the incidence of incision complications in severely obese patients.
【Key words】 One way barbed wire; Total knee arthroplasty; Body mass index
First-authours address:The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 550004,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2019.26.001
全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)是重度膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎的終極治療方法[1-4],且高效可靠的縫合是減少手術(shù)并發(fā)癥、實現(xiàn)早期功能鍛煉的必要條件[5]。單向倒刺線目前已經(jīng)廣泛應用于整形美容外科、泌尿外科、肝膽外科等領域,并已在部分研究中取得了較為滿意的臨床效果。有研究顯示,應用新型的單向倒刺線可以提高手術(shù)效率并節(jié)約手術(shù)縫合費用[6],但也有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)倒刺線有更高的切口并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率[7]。目前對倒刺線的相關(guān)研究得出的結(jié)論不盡相同,而且其一直存在療效爭議,并且大部分研究主要關(guān)注于倒刺線與傳統(tǒng)可吸收V-Loc線的比較。本研究將倒刺線應用于不同BMI的初次TKA中,其主要的目的是比較不同的BMI對倒刺線在初次TKA中使用的臨床效果是否會產(chǎn)生影響?,F(xiàn)報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 選取2016年1月-2018年8月本院收治的136例膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者,納入標準:符合膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎診斷標準,X線片Kellgren-Lawrence分級屬Ⅳ級者,男女不限。排除標準:繼發(fā)性骨關(guān)節(jié)炎,如感染性關(guān)節(jié)炎、類風濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎、血友病性關(guān)節(jié)炎等;嚴重心腦血管疾病、肝腎疾病、內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)疾病、血液系統(tǒng)疾病以及精神病等;皮膚條件不佳者。按照亞洲人體重指數(shù)分級標準將其分為四組,其中A組(n=44)為BMI正常(18.5~22.9 kg/m2)患者、B組(n=20)為BMI偏胖(23.0~24.9 kg/m2)、C組(n=58)為BMI肥胖(25.0~29.9 kg/m2)、D組(n=14)為BMI重度肥胖(≥30 kg/m2)患者。本研究經(jīng)過貴州醫(yī)科大學附屬醫(yī)院倫理委員會批準,所有患者均簽署知情同意書后進行手術(shù)治療。
1.2 手術(shù)方法 手術(shù)均由同一高年資的主任醫(yī)師及相同助手完成手術(shù)。手術(shù)切口采用膝關(guān)節(jié)前正中切口,髕旁內(nèi)側(cè)入路。切口關(guān)閉縫合體位采用屈膝30°關(guān)閉切口。所有患者均選用可吸收倒刺縫合線(QuillTM、RX-1062Q、Angiotech、Inc、PA、USA)連續(xù)縫合關(guān)節(jié)囊及深層組織,所有患者采用2-0可吸收抗菌薇喬(VCP751D、Ethicon、Inc、NJ、USA)縫合皮下組織并間斷縫合皮膚。見圖1。
1.3 觀察指標與評價標準 (1)比較四組患者膝關(guān)節(jié)痛及功能評分,包括評價疼痛水平的VAS評分(0~2分表示舒適,3~4分表示輕度不適,5~6分表示中度不適,7~8分表示重度不適,9~10分表示極度不適)。評價關(guān)節(jié)功能情況的WOMAC評分(輕度<80分,中度80~120分,重度>120分)及Lequesne評分(1~4分為輕度,5~7分為中度,8~10分為重度,11~13分為很嚴重,≥14分為極嚴重)。(2)比較四組患者的住院時間、隱性失血量、縫合時間及費用等。(3)比較四組患者的切口并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況,包括切口紅腫、切口水皰、切口不愈合、切口滲出、脂肪液化等。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學處理 所有數(shù)據(jù)資料均采用SPSS 25.0進行統(tǒng)計處理分析,所有數(shù)據(jù)均符合正態(tài)分布,計量資料用(x±s)表示,同組各時間點間比較采用重復測量方差分析,組間比較采用t檢驗;計數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用字2檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 四組患者一般資料比較 四組患者一般資料比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,見表1。
2.2 四組患者疼痛及功能評分比較 術(shù)后1周,D組VAS評分明顯高于其他三組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);術(shù)后9周,四組的VAS評分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。術(shù)后9周,四組的WOMAC評分均較術(shù)前顯著降低,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01),術(shù)后9周,四組患者WOMAC評分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。術(shù)后9周,四組患者的Lequesne評分均較術(shù)前顯著降低,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01),術(shù)后9周,四組的Lequesne評分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),見表2~4和圖2~4。
2.3 四組患者手術(shù)一般情況比較 四組的手術(shù)縫合時間及費用、術(shù)后1周血紅蛋白下降值、住院天數(shù)比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);但D組的止痛藥物帕瑞昔布鈉的使用量明顯高于其他三組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。見表5。
2.4 四組患者切口并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況比較 四組切口并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率分別為9.09%、10.00%、10.34%、50.00%,D組切口并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率高于其他三組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),見表6。術(shù)后切口紅腫及張力性水皰的典型病例
見圖5。
3 討論
隨著人口老齡化不斷提高,膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)作為一種與年齡相關(guān)的退行性疾病,其發(fā)病率正逐年升高[8-14]。目前,TKA已經(jīng)成為一種成熟且標準的骨科手術(shù)技術(shù),其療效確切,能有效地緩解膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛并提高關(guān)節(jié)功能[8, 15-17]。隨著經(jīng)濟地不斷發(fā)展,肥胖問題已經(jīng)成為一項較為突出的社會問題[18-19],所以在此類人群中進行TKA也許應該引起醫(yī)學界的關(guān)注。隨著人們對醫(yī)療質(zhì)量需求的提高,TKA術(shù)中傷口有效縫合已成為其關(guān)注重點。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,術(shù)后1周,重度肥胖患者的VAS評分明顯高于其他三組(P<0.05),但術(shù)后
9周其VAS評分及膝關(guān)節(jié)功能評分與其他三組比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。其導致以上結(jié)果的原因可能是由于術(shù)后出現(xiàn)軟組織腫脹,但重度肥胖患者的腫脹更為明顯,進而導致縫線所承受的組織牽張力更大,而隨著組織腫脹的消退及深部組織的愈合,四組的牽張力漸漸減小甚至消失。由于所有手術(shù)均為同一醫(yī)師及助手完成,其手術(shù)操作對軟組織平衡的掌控并無明顯差別,在沒有術(shù)后疼痛因素的影響下,四組在術(shù)后9周關(guān)節(jié)功能水平無明顯差別。重度肥胖組在帕瑞昔布鈉的使用量上高于其他三組(P<0.05),導致其住院原因可能是由于術(shù)后1周內(nèi),重度肥胖患者的VAS評分明顯高于其他三組,其對止痛藥物需求量明顯地高于其他
三組。
本研究在切口并發(fā)癥方面主要關(guān)注紅腫、水皰、不愈合、裂開、脂肪液化等方面,術(shù)后發(fā)現(xiàn)重度肥胖患者的切口并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率高于其他三組(P<0.05),其切口并發(fā)癥主要集中在切口紅腫、水皰、滲出、脂肪液化等方面,文獻[7, 20]研究顯示,倒刺線可能會增加其切口并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率,這與本研究所得出的結(jié)論相符合。其原因可能是由于機體個體化差異而導致的排異反應,臨床中并不需要特殊干預。由于重度肥胖患者的組織張力高于其他三組,所以導致其出現(xiàn)張力性水皰的概率明顯升高,同時重度肥胖患者的皮下脂肪十分豐富,加之脂肪組織自身的血液供應較為脆弱的特點,其血供極為容易受到組織張力的影響,進而導致其出現(xiàn)脂肪壞死的概率明顯升高,所以,這也許是重度肥胖患者脂肪液化、滲出等并發(fā)癥明顯高于其他三組的主要原因。
本研究也有其明顯的局限性:(1)本研究觀察的人數(shù)較少,特別是重度肥胖病例不足,這需要后期對課題進行不斷完善;(2)隨訪時時間較短,需要后期進行長期隨訪,觀察其長期臨床效果。
綜上所述,新型單向倒刺線在BMI<30 kg/m2的初次TKA患者中使用時,其可以取得較為滿意的臨床療效,但當BMI≥30 kg/m2時,其非甾體類抗炎藥的使用量及切口并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率會明顯升高,所以在此類患者中的使用應十分的謹慎。
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(收稿日期:2019-03-25) (本文編輯:張爽)