戴勝蘭 邱彩 玉姚俊等
[摘要] 目的 構(gòu)建和包裝穩(wěn)定表達(dá)泛素化HBcAg融合基因和Tapasin基因的重組慢病毒,為慢性乙型肝炎免疫治療的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究奠定基礎(chǔ)。 方法 設(shè)計(jì)引物通過聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)(PCR)擴(kuò)增獲得目的基因Ub-HBcAg,Ub-HBcAg基因與經(jīng)酶切線性化的慢病毒表達(dá)載體質(zhì)粒pLenti-CMV-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP定向連接,其產(chǎn)物pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP轉(zhuǎn)化大腸桿菌菌株DH5α感受態(tài)細(xì)胞,挑選陽性克隆進(jìn)行PCR鑒定和直接測(cè)序序列分析。將化學(xué)合成的T2A-Tapasin基因插入至pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP,其產(chǎn)物pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-T2A-Tapasin-3Flag-P2A-EGFP經(jīng)直接基因測(cè)序分析后與包裝質(zhì)粒pLP1、pLP2以及包膜質(zhì)粒pLP/VSVG共轉(zhuǎn)染人胚腎293T細(xì)胞,得到攜帶有Ub-HBcAg基因和Tapasin基因的重組慢病毒顆粒LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin,重組慢病毒顆粒轉(zhuǎn)染293T細(xì)胞,實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)慢病毒濃縮液的滴度,Western blot法檢測(cè)目的基因的表達(dá)。 結(jié)果 成功構(gòu)建和包裝了表達(dá)泛素化HBcAg融合基因和Tapasin基因的重組慢病毒,實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR證實(shí)重組慢病毒的滴度達(dá)3.25×108 TU/mL。 結(jié)論 成功構(gòu)建穩(wěn)定表達(dá)泛素化HBcAg融合基因和Tapasin基因的重組慢病毒,為慢性乙肝的免疫治療提供了實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 慢病毒;乙型肝炎核心抗原;泛素;分子伴侶Tapasin
[中圖分類號(hào)] R512.62? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2019)02(a)-0009-05
[Abstract] Objective To construct and package a recombinant lentivirus stably expressing the ubiquitinated HBcAg fusion gene and the Tapasin gene and to lay the foundation for the experimental study of immunotherapy for chronic hepatitis B. Methods The Ub-HBcAg gene was amplified with designing primers by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The purified Ub-HBcAg fragment was cloned into the lentivirus vector pLenti-CMV-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP which was ligated by restriction endonuclease. The product pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP was transformed into E. coli DH5α cells. The positive clones were chosen for PCR identification and direct sequencing analysis. Then, T2A-Tapasin sequence was chemically synthesized and cloned into pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP. The product recombinant pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-T2A-Tapasin-3Flag-P2A-EGFP plasmid was confirmed by direct gene sequencing. Lentiviral particles of LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin were produced by triple transfection of 293T cells with pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-T2A-Tapasin-3Flag-P2A-EGFP using packaging plasmids pLP1, pLP2 and envelope plasmid pLP/VSVG. The recombinant lentiviral particles were transfected into human embryonic kidney 293T cells. The titer of lentivirus was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and the expression of the target gene was determined by Western blot. Results Recombinant lentivirus vectors expressing ubiquitinated HBcAg fusion gene and Tapasin gene were successfully constructed and packaged. The titer was 3.25×108 TU/mL detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Conclusion The stable expressing of ubiquitinated HBcAg fusion gene and Tapasin gene recombinant lentivirus vectors are successfully established, providing experimental basis for immunotherapy of chronic hepatitis B.
[Key words] Lentivirus; Hepatitis B core antigen; Ubiquitin; Chaperone Tapasin
乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染是嚴(yán)重危害人類健康的全球公共衛(wèi)生問題[1],細(xì)胞毒性T淋巴細(xì)胞(cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)在根除慢性HBV感染中的作用已經(jīng)得到證實(shí)。在免疫應(yīng)答過程中HBV可作為細(xì)胞內(nèi)抗原,其加工由泛素-蛋白酶體系統(tǒng)(ubiquitin-proteasome system,UPS)介導(dǎo)[2]??乖鞍捉?jīng)泛素修飾通過UPS降解至最適長(zhǎng)度表位肽,抗原肽加載到MHCⅠ類分子上需要特異性分子伴侶-TAP結(jié)合蛋白(Tapasin)的協(xié)助。機(jī)體對(duì)乙型肝炎核心抗原(hepatitis B core antigen,HBcAg)的免疫應(yīng)答在根除HBV方面起著重要作用[3],因此,本研究目的是構(gòu)建和包裝攜帶泛素化HBcAg基因和Tapasin基因的慢病毒,為進(jìn)一步探索泛素化HBcAg和Tapasin刺激機(jī)體產(chǎn)生HBV特異性CTL反應(yīng)的作用奠定實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料與試劑
慢病毒表達(dá)載體質(zhì)粒pLenti-CMV-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP,包裝質(zhì)粒pLP1、pLP2及包膜質(zhì)粒pLP/VSVG由和元生物技術(shù)(上海)有限公司提供;人胚腎細(xì)胞株293T來自中國(guó)科學(xué)院上海生科院細(xì)胞資源中心;Taq DNA聚合酶、大腸桿菌菌株DH5α、無內(nèi)毒素質(zhì)粒小提試劑盒(貨號(hào):DP103)和凝膠回收試劑盒(貨號(hào):DP209)均購(gòu)自天根公司;質(zhì)粒pcDNA3.1(-)-Ub-HBcAg(攜帶完整Ub-HBcAg基因)由本實(shí)驗(yàn)室構(gòu)建和保存[4]。
T4 DNA連接酶由Fermentas公司提供;PrimerStar DNA聚合酶購(gòu)自Takara公司;限制性內(nèi)切酶XhoI、EcoRI及BamHI來源于New England Biolabs公司;Lipofectamine 2000轉(zhuǎn)染試劑盒(貨號(hào):11668019)購(gòu)自Invitrogen;鼠抗人HBcAg單克隆抗體購(gòu)自Abcam;兔抗小鼠Tapasin抗體購(gòu)自Santa Cruz;山羊抗小鼠及山羊抗兔IgG-HRP等Western blot相關(guān)試劑均為碧云天公司產(chǎn)品。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 引物設(shè)計(jì)? 根據(jù)質(zhì)粒pcDNA3.1(-)-Ub-HBcAg,由上海生物工程技術(shù)有限公司合成其Ub-HBcAg基因序列的引物,上游引物序列P1:5′-TACCGGACTC-AGATCTCGAGGCCACCATGCAGATCTTCGTGAAGA-CCC-3′,下游引物序列P2:5′-GGGTACATGGTGGCGAATTCACATTGAGATTCCCGAGATTG-3′,兩段引物中分別含XhoI及EcoRI酶切位點(diǎn)(下劃線部分為酶切位點(diǎn))。
1.2.2 Ub-HBcAg基因片段的擴(kuò)增? 以質(zhì)粒pcDNA3.1(-)-Ub-HBcAg中攜帶的Ub-HBcAg序列為模板,用以上合成的引物應(yīng)用PrimerSTAR酶通過PCR成功擴(kuò)增,使用瓊脂糖凝膠電泳及凝膠回收試劑盒分離、回收和純化所得PCR產(chǎn)物。
1.2.3 攜帶Ub-HBcAg基因的pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP表達(dá)載體質(zhì)粒的構(gòu)建? 用XhoI和EcoRI限制性內(nèi)切酶雙酶切上述PCR產(chǎn)物及pLenti-CMV-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP,將酶切后的目的基因片段、線性化載體和T4 DNA連接酶加入離心管中進(jìn)行連接反應(yīng)。將10 μL連接產(chǎn)物轉(zhuǎn)化到DH5α感受態(tài)菌株中,將轉(zhuǎn)化后菌液涂布在含有氨芐青霉素的LB瓊脂平板上,進(jìn)行抗性篩選培養(yǎng),挑選陽性單克隆進(jìn)行菌落PCR驗(yàn)證,并進(jìn)行雙向測(cè)序分析(由上海生物工程技術(shù)有限公司完成)。
1.2.4 攜帶Ub-HBcAg基因和Tapasin基因的pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-T2A-Tapasin-3Flag-P2A-EGFP表達(dá)載體質(zhì)粒的構(gòu)建? 根據(jù)GenBank網(wǎng)站搜索的小鼠Tapasin基因序列,化學(xué)合成T2A-Tapasin基因片段,以BamHI內(nèi)切酶酶切Lenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP表達(dá)載體質(zhì)粒,將T2A-Tapasin基因插入至載體,得到目的載體質(zhì)粒并進(jìn)行基因測(cè)序(由上海生物工程技術(shù)有限公司完成)。
1.2.5 重組慢病毒LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin的包裝? 根據(jù)Lipofectamine 2000說明書,將構(gòu)建的表達(dá)載體質(zhì)粒與包裝質(zhì)粒及包膜質(zhì)粒共轉(zhuǎn)染293T細(xì)胞,獲得攜帶目的基因Ub-HBcAg、Tapasin的重組慢病毒。轉(zhuǎn)染16 h后,更換為完全培養(yǎng)基,收集48、72 h細(xì)胞上清液并離心,0.45 μm細(xì)胞濾過膜過濾后,通過低溫超速離心濃縮病毒并命名為L(zhǎng)V-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin,保存于-80℃?zhèn)溆谩?/p>
1.2.6 慢病毒滴度測(cè)定? 將293T細(xì)胞接種至24孔板中,加入不同濃度慢病毒稀釋液(0.1、1、10 μL),20 h后換液,收集72 h細(xì)胞,通過Real-time PCR法測(cè)定滴度。通過定量病毒序列WPRE和內(nèi)參基因BAC,使用2-ΔΔCt相對(duì)定量法計(jì)算病毒基因組數(shù)目和細(xì)胞基因組數(shù)目的比例。病毒滴度根據(jù)以下公式計(jì)算:病毒滴度=每基因組整合的病毒平均拷貝數(shù)×感染時(shí)細(xì)胞數(shù)目×病毒載體的稀釋倍數(shù)×1000/加入的稀釋病毒的體積數(shù)(μL)。
1.2.7 重組慢病毒LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin在293T細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)? 將293T細(xì)胞接種到24孔板(5×104個(gè)/孔),按感染復(fù)數(shù)(multiplicity of infection,MOI)20加入重組慢病毒LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin,24 h后換液。72 h后收集細(xì)胞通過Western blot檢測(cè)目的蛋白。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 Ub-HBcAg目的基因的PCR擴(kuò)增結(jié)果
2.2 重組克隆的菌落PCR鑒定結(jié)果
2.3 重組表達(dá)載體質(zhì)粒pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-T2A-Tapasin-3Flag-P2A-EGFP的基因測(cè)序
將化學(xué)合成的T2A-Tapasin基因插入至構(gòu)建好的載體,得到目的載體質(zhì)粒pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-T2A-Tapasin-3Flag-P2A-EGFP,基因測(cè)序,插入目的基因Ub-HBcAg和Tapasin的序列正確,表明成功構(gòu)建了重組表達(dá)載體質(zhì)粒。
2.4 重組慢病毒LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin的滴度測(cè)定
LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin感染293T細(xì)胞并收取細(xì)胞用于DNA提取及定量PCR,基于2-ΔΔCt法計(jì)算出病毒基因組數(shù)量和細(xì)胞基因組數(shù)量的比例。根據(jù)公式計(jì)算得到重組慢病毒的滴度為3.35×108 TU/mL。
2.5 重組慢病毒LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin轉(zhuǎn)染293T細(xì)胞后的目的基因的表達(dá)檢測(cè)
。
3 討論
我國(guó)乙肝的發(fā)病率很高,約9300萬人為慢性HBV感染者[5]。HBV是一種非細(xì)胞病變性病毒,宿主免疫應(yīng)答在肝損害和病毒控制中起著關(guān)鍵作用[6]。慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者的宿主免疫力下降,不能對(duì)入侵的HBV及其相關(guān)抗原形成有效的免疫應(yīng)答而清除病毒[7]。HBV特異性CTL可通過細(xì)胞溶解和非細(xì)胞溶解機(jī)制直接清除HBV感染的細(xì)胞[8],對(duì)于清除HBV至關(guān)重要,因此,如何有效誘導(dǎo)HBV特異性CTL已成為CHB治療的關(guān)鍵。
治療性疫苗代表了一種免疫治療策略,治療性疫苗必須克服免疫耐受并且能夠誘導(dǎo)HBV特異性CTL應(yīng)答[9]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),以HBcAg為基礎(chǔ)的治療性疫苗免疫HBV轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠后,可以誘導(dǎo)HBcAg及HBsAg特異性CTL反應(yīng)[10]。此外,HBcAg作為治療性疫苗的作用也在HBV感染的鴨和土撥鼠模型中得到證實(shí)[11-12]??乖鞍着c泛素結(jié)合后可通過UPS快速降解為抗原肽,進(jìn)入MHCⅠ類抗原提呈途徑而誘導(dǎo)特異性CTL免疫反應(yīng)[13]。分子伴侶Tapasin的C端128個(gè)殘基可與TAP相互作用,結(jié)合抗原肽將其轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)至內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng),并將MHCⅠ類分子募集到TAP附近[14-15],確保多肽與MHCⅠ類分子的有效折疊和裝配,形成特殊的空間構(gòu)象,作為特異信號(hào)被CD8+ T淋巴細(xì)胞受體所識(shí)別,產(chǎn)生特異性CTL免疫應(yīng)答[16]。近年來,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)CHB患者外周血單核細(xì)胞的Tapasin表達(dá)降低[17]。Chen等[18]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)以Tapasin修飾經(jīng)胞內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的CTL表位肽HBcAg18-27誘導(dǎo)特異性CTL可抑制HBV復(fù)制。這些研究均提示Tapasin可參與抗原肽提呈,在病毒清除中起著重要作用。
我們前期研究中以第三代慢病毒載體(lentiviral vector,LV)負(fù)載泛素化HBcAg(LV-Ub-HBcAg)免疫HBV轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠后,可有效增加體內(nèi)特異性CTL的數(shù)量及增強(qiáng)特異性CTL殺傷活性,顯著降低血清HBsAg及HBV DNA水平,抑制肝臟中HBsAg、HBcAg的表達(dá)[19-20]。本研究在前期研究的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建和包裝共表達(dá)泛素化HBcAg與Tapasin基因的重組慢病毒。研究結(jié)果顯示攜帶目的基因Ub-HBcAg及Tapasin的重組慢病毒(LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin)構(gòu)建及包裝成功,轉(zhuǎn)染293T細(xì)胞,Western blot檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示轉(zhuǎn)染后的293T細(xì)胞可穩(wěn)定表達(dá)目的蛋白HBcAg與Tapasin,提示LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin在轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞中表達(dá)高效穩(wěn)定。下一步研究中,我們將以LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin免疫小鼠,旨在使HBcAg胞內(nèi)化,迅速被UPS降解為最適于提呈的表位肽,在Tapasin協(xié)同作用下,形成MHCⅠ/多肽復(fù)合物進(jìn)入MHCⅠ類分子抗原提呈途徑,刺激機(jī)體產(chǎn)生HBV特異性CTL反應(yīng)。
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(收稿日期:2018-08-14? 本文編輯:羅喬荔)