邱彩花
廣東省高考英語 “聽說合考”中“角色扮演”的“三問”主要考查一般疑問句和特殊疑問句,偶爾考過一次反義疑問句,至今尚未考查選擇疑問句。
該部分與是否聽懂視頻對(duì)話無關(guān),只需懂得將漢語提示句譯成英語即可。因此,考生只要掌握這些疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和翻譯技巧,就可比較容易地得分。筆者現(xiàn)將2011以來的“三問”考點(diǎn)分類總結(jié)如下,希望對(duì)高考備考的師生有所幫助。
一、一般疑問句
一般疑問句是每一套試題都要考查的考點(diǎn),一般疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu):
be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語+其他成分?
1. 如果題目出現(xiàn)形容詞/名詞作表語,就用:Be動(dòng)詞(is/ are / am/ was/ were)+ 主語 + 其他成分?
[真題例析] (2018年 B卷Q2)提問真的有那么難嗎?
翻譯:Is it really very hard / that difficult to ask questions?
即時(shí)練習(xí):
(1)(2016 年A卷Q3)年幼的孩子比年長(zhǎng)的孩子更幸運(yùn)嗎?
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(2)(2015年E卷Q1)你的家鄉(xiāng)離這里遠(yuǎn)嗎?
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(3)(2013 年C卷Q3)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)是不是談話中的常用話題?
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2. 如果題目出現(xiàn)“可以,能,應(yīng)該”等表示情感色彩的詞,則用相應(yīng)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:Can/ Could/ Should/Shall+主語+其他成分?
[真題例析](2011 年B卷Q1)你能再多說點(diǎn)嗎?
翻譯:Could /Can you please speak a little more?
[即時(shí)練習(xí)]
(1)(2011年 C卷Q2)你能說說英國(guó)人嗎?
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(2)(2013 年E卷Q1)我還要帶其它衣服嗎?
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3. 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞則根據(jù)具體需要選用表示不同時(shí)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞:Do/Does/Did/Have/Has +主語+其他成分?同時(shí)還要注意人稱和數(shù)的變化。
[真題例析1](2017年C卷Q2)這僅僅發(fā)生在童年嗎?
翻譯:Does it only happen in our childhood?
[真題例析2](2012年 E卷Q2)你在這一領(lǐng)域得過獎(jiǎng)嗎?
翻譯:Have you won any prizes in this field?
[即時(shí)練習(xí)]
(1)(2015年A卷Q1)你做過這個(gè)話題的研究嗎?
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(2)(2013 年D卷Q3)你經(jīng)常帶工作回家嗎?
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(3)(2015年D卷Q2)我需要參加每一次的活動(dòng)嗎?
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(4)(2017 年D卷Q2):現(xiàn)在有很多人以這種形式看病嗎?
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(5)(2015年G卷Q2):你們大學(xué)會(huì)給學(xué)生提供出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)嗎?
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(6)(2011 年A卷)Q1:James 像你一樣熱愛音樂嗎?
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4. There be結(jié)構(gòu)的疑問式:Are/ Is/Was/Were there+主語+其他?
[真題例析](2018年A卷Q2)睡眠好還有其他什么好處嗎?
翻譯:Are there any other benefits of good sleep?
[即時(shí)練習(xí)]
(1)(2018年D卷 Q3)這棟大樓里還有其他新設(shè)計(jì)嗎?
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(2)(2016 年D卷Q3)有什么成功的秘訣嗎?
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5. 否定式的一般疑問句:be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞與not的縮略式+主語+其它?
[真題例析](2014年E卷Q1)你不是說你想當(dāng)一名語言教師嗎?
翻譯:Didnt you say you wanted to be/ become a language teacher? /Didnt you say you wanted to work as a language teacher?
[即時(shí)練習(xí)]
(2015年F卷Q2):穿同樣的衣服不煩嗎?
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二、特殊疑問句
特殊疑問句是每一套試題的必考點(diǎn),特殊疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)有:
1. 疑問詞Who/What/Which/ When/ Where/How(不做主語)+一般疑問句?
另外,還要注意疑問詞how組成的短語 how often/ how much / how many / how long / how far等構(gòu)成的疑問句。
[真題例析1](2018年B卷Q3)我怎樣加入俱樂部?
翻譯:How can I join the club?
[真題例析2](2016 年E卷Q1)你從課程中學(xué)到了什么?
翻譯:What have you learned from the course?
[即時(shí)練習(xí)]
(1)(2014年F卷Q1)你父母喜歡中國(guó)的什么呢?
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(2)(2015年G卷Q1)大學(xué)課程是怎樣安排的?
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(3)(2018年E卷Q2)為什么這么多家庭加入了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目?
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(4)(2017年E卷Q1)你什么時(shí)候開始對(duì)絲綢歷史感興趣的?
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(5)(2015年E卷Q3)你現(xiàn)在更喜歡在哪兒過春節(jié)呢?
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(6)(2014年B卷Q3)他們的子女多久來看望他們一次?
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(7)(2012 年D卷Q1)我一次可以借幾本書呢?
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(8)(2012 年D卷Q2)我可以借多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間呢?
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(9)(2013 年F卷Q1)我怎樣才能留下良好的印象呢?
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(10)(2013 年B卷Q3)作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo),我應(yīng)該怎樣對(duì)待團(tuán)隊(duì)成員呢?
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(11)(2011 年D卷Q2)我還需要注意什么嗎?
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(12)(2014年D卷Q1)你們家是什么時(shí)候開始養(yǎng)導(dǎo)盲犬的?
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2. 疑問詞Who/What/Which(做主語)+謂語+其他成分?
[真題例析1](2014年B卷Q2)誰支付他們?cè)谶@里的生活費(fèi)用?
翻譯:Who pays for their living expenses here?/ Who pays them for the living expenses here?
[真題例析2](2013 年C卷Q2)哪些體育運(yùn)動(dòng)在英國(guó)最流行?
翻譯:What are the most popular sports in Britain/ England?
此外,還有:What/Which(做定語)+名詞+ 謂語+其他?
[真題例析3](2015年C卷Q3)好老師有什么特點(diǎn)?
翻譯:What characteristics /features do good teachers have/possess?
[即時(shí)練習(xí)]
(1)(2011 年A卷Q3)誰給你們的影響最大?
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(2)(2014年A卷Q2)什么顏色對(duì)顧客更具吸引力?
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(3)(2015年G卷Q3)你們大學(xué)哪個(gè)系最好?
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(4)(2018年D卷Q2)讓你印象最深刻的設(shè)計(jì)是什么?
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(5)(2017年C卷Q3)你有什么建議給家長(zhǎng)呢?
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3. 疑問詞(做表語)+系動(dòng)詞+主語?
(1)(2017 年D卷Q3)網(wǎng)絡(luò)醫(yī)生看病的弊端是什么?
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(2)(2017年E卷Q3)絲綢工業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀是什么?
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4. 疑問詞+否定式的一般疑問句?
[真題例析](2012年 A卷Q2)為什么你不直接與他們談一談?
翻譯:Why dont you have a talk directly with them?
[即時(shí)練習(xí)]
(1)(2012 年B卷Q1)我為什么不能與朋友們一起開車?
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(2)(2014年F卷Q2)為什么你不買些京劇DVD作為禮物?
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三、復(fù)雜疑問句
1. 含賓語從句的問句:一般疑問句/特殊疑問句+賓語從句?
[真題例析1](2015年C卷Q2)你認(rèn)為每個(gè)人都可以被培訓(xùn)成好老師嗎?
翻譯:Do you think that everyone can be trained to be /become a good teacher?/ Do you think that everyone can be trained as a good teacher?
[真題例析2](2018 年C卷Q3)我怎么知道在我的公司該穿什么?
翻譯:How can I know what I should wear in my company? /How can I know what to wear in my company?
[即時(shí)練習(xí)]
(1)(2016年 B卷Q2)你認(rèn)為體育活動(dòng)將是一樣的嗎?
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(2)(2018年A卷Q3)那意味著我們應(yīng)該多睡覺嗎?
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(3)(2018年C卷Q2)那意味著我可以穿任何衣服嗎?
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(4)(2017年B卷Q1)你認(rèn)為機(jī)器人有一天會(huì)取代人類嗎?
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(5)(2016 年E卷Q2)你怎么知道女性在學(xué)習(xí)語言方面做得更好?
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2. 一般疑問句/特殊疑問句 +不定式做狀語/狀語從句?
翻譯時(shí)把疑問句放在開頭,狀語從句放在后面。
[真題例析1](2018年E卷Q3)他們?cè)趺醋霾拍芨淖冞@種情況?
翻譯:What can they do to change the situation?
[真題例析2](2017年B卷Q3)如果我們被機(jī)器人取代了該怎么辦?
翻譯:What can we do if robots take place of us?/ What should we do if we are replaced by robots?
[即時(shí)練習(xí)]
(1)(2016 年D卷)Q1:你做什么讓觀眾大笑?
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(2)(2015年A卷)Q2:人們一般做些什么來減少壓力呢?
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(3)(2016年B卷)Q1:你12歲時(shí),學(xué)校是怎樣的?
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(4)(2015年F卷)Q3:你小時(shí)候穿校服嗎?
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(5)(2012年D卷)Q3:我如果還書晚了會(huì)怎么樣?
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(6)(2013年E卷)Q3:我去別人家吃飯時(shí),我要帶些什么?
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3. 一般疑問句/特殊疑問句 +不定式或介詞短語作定語/定語從句?
翻譯時(shí)先理出主干部分,把定語放在被修飾詞之后。
[真題例析1](2016年C卷Q3)學(xué)生們喜歡這種交作業(yè)的方式嗎?
翻譯:Did the students like the way to submit/ hand in assignments/ homework?/ Did the students like the way of submitting /handing in homework/ assignments?
[真題例析2](2014年D卷Q3)你在街上見到過你們訓(xùn)練的狗嗎?
翻譯:Did you see the dogs(that)you trained in the street?/ Have you seen the dogs(that)you trained before on the road?
[即時(shí)練習(xí)]
(1)(2015年B卷Q1)什么是改變壞情緒最有用的方法?
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(2)(2015年G卷Q2)你們大學(xué)會(huì)給學(xué)生提供出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)嗎?
_________________________________________________
(3) (2014年D卷Q2)你有很多空閑時(shí)間旅游嗎?
_________________________________________________
(4)(2013 年F卷Q2)我應(yīng)該知道的是下一個(gè)重要事情是什么?
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4. 疑問詞+do you think/consider/ suppose等插入語 +其它部分?
[真題例析](2013年B卷Q2):你認(rèn)為什么時(shí)候召集開會(huì)最好呢?
翻譯:What time do you think is the best to call them for a meeting? / When do you think is the best to call a meeting?
[即時(shí)練習(xí)]
(1)(2012年 C卷Q2)為什么你認(rèn)為情節(jié)難以相信?
_________________________________________________
(2)(2014年E卷Q3)為什么你認(rèn)為自己能成為語言教師?
_________________________________________________
四、反意疑問句
從2011年開始有聽說考試以來,反意疑問句只考過一次,其結(jié)構(gòu)有:
1. 陳述句部分肯定式+疑問部分否定式?
2. 陳述句部分否定式+疑問部分肯定式?
兩部分的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要保持一致。
[真題例析](2011年 E Q3)英國(guó)人不太在乎穿什么衣服,對(duì)嗎?
翻譯:The British people care little about clothes, do they?/ The British people dont care about clothes, do they?
[即時(shí)練習(xí)]
(1)你會(huì)參加這個(gè)周末的派對(duì),是嗎?
_________________________________________________
(2)你和你的室友相處得不好,是嗎?
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(3)很多人在那年的地震中喪生,對(duì)嗎?
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(4)那個(gè)小女孩給你們留下了很深刻的印象,對(duì)嗎?
_________________________________________________
(5)你們還沒有解決老人的健康問題,是嗎?
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五、選擇疑問句
選擇疑問句是指提出兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上可能的答案供對(duì)方選擇的問句。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:
1. 一般疑問句+or+其他成分?
2. 特殊疑問句 +or+其他成分?
盡管到目前為止,高考聽說合考還沒有考選擇疑問句,但考生們?nèi)孕枵莆者@種疑問句。
[即時(shí)練習(xí)]
(1)你喜歡在學(xué)校穿校服還是穿你喜歡的衣服呢?
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(2)人們喜歡找在醫(yī)院上班的醫(yī)生看病還是找網(wǎng)絡(luò)醫(yī)生看???
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(3)他是對(duì)歷史感興趣還是對(duì)科學(xué)感興趣?
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(4)我們什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身去廣州城,早上還是中午?
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(5)他打算怎樣去那個(gè)主題公園,坐地鐵去還是坐公共汽車去?
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(6)你喜歡喝哪個(gè),茶還是咖啡?
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參考譯文
一、一般疑問句
1. Be +主語+其他成分?
(1)Are younger children luckier /more fortunate than the elder children?(be+形容詞比較級(jí))
(2)Is your hometown far from here?(be+形容詞)
(3)Is sports a common topic in conversation?(be+名詞)
2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語+其他成分?
(1)Can you talk about English people?(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)
(2)Shall I take other clothes?
3. 助動(dòng)詞+主語+其他成分?
(1)Have you done the research /survey about the topic? /Have you researched /studied the topic?
(2)Do you often bring /take work home?
(3)Do I need to attend /take part in /participate in/join in every activity?/
(4)Do many people see/visit their doctors in this way nowadays/these days?
(5)Does your university /college offer/ give the students a chance to study abroad?/ Does your university provide the students with a chance to study abroad?
(6)Does James like music as much as you?
4. Be there+主語+其他成分?
(1)Are there any other new designs in this building?
(2)Are there any secrets to success?
5. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/be的否定式+主語+其他成分?
Isnt it boring to wear the same clothes?/ Isnt wearing the same clothes boring?/ Dont you feel bored to wear the same clothes?
二、特殊疑問句
1. 疑問詞(不做主語)+一般疑問句?
(1)What do your parents like about China? /What are your parents fond of about China?
(2)How are the university/ college classes /courses arranged?/ How are the classes /courses arranged in university?
(3)Why did so many families join the project?
(4)When did you begin to be interested in silk history?/ When did silk history start to attract your attention?
(5)Where do you prefer to spend the Spring Festival?/ Where do you like more to spend the Spring Festival?
(6)How often do their children come to see /visit them?
(7)How many books can I borrow at one time?
(8)How long can I keep the books?
(9)How can I leave /make a good impression?
(10)How should I treat my teammates as a leader /monitor?
(11)What else should I pay attention to?
(12)When did your family begin/ start to raise dogs for the blind? / When did your family start /begin raising dogs for the blind?
2. 疑問詞(做主語或主語的定語)+謂語+其他成分)?
(1)Who influenced/affected you most?/Who had the biggest effect/ influence on you?
(2)What color is more attractive to customers? /What color can attract customers more?/ What color can attract /draw peoples attention more?
(3)Which department is the best in your university /college? / Which is the best department in your university /college?
(4)What design impressed you most?
(5)What suggestions do you have for parents?
3. 疑問句詞+系動(dòng)詞+表語?
(1)What are the problems /disadvantages of seeing an e-doctor?
(2)What is the present condition/ situation of the silk industry?
4. 疑問詞+否定式的一般疑問句?
(1)Why cant I drive with my friends?
(2)Why dont you buy some Beijing Opera DVDs as gifts?/ Why not purchase some Beijing Opera DVDs as presents?
三、復(fù)雜疑問句
1. 含賓語從句的問句
(1)Do you think that sports will be the same?
(2)Does that mean we should sleep more?
(3)Does that mean we can wear any clothes?
(4)Do you think that robots will replace humans one day?
(5)How do you know that women can do better in learning languages?
2. 一般疑問句/特殊疑問句 +不定式做狀語/狀語從句?
(1)What do you do to make / have the audience laugh?
(2)What do people often/ usually do to reduce/relieve stress/ pressure?
(3)What was the school like when you were twelve?
(4)Did you wear school uniforms when you were young/ when you were a kid /a child?
(5)What will happen if I return the books late?
(6)What shall I take when I go to others to have meals / for dinner?/ What should I take if I am invited to others for dinner?
3. 一般疑問句/特殊疑問句 +不定式或介詞短語做定語/定語從句?
(1)What is the most useful /effective way to change a bad mood?
(2)Does your university /college offer/ give the students a chance to study abroad?/ Does your university provide the students with a chance to study abroad?
(3)Did you have a lot of free/spare time for travelling? / Did you have plenty of time to travel?
(4)What is the next important thing(that/which)I should know/ be aware of?
4. 疑問詞+do you think/consider/ suppose等插入語 +其它部分?
(1)Why do you think the plot is hard to believe/ unbelievable?
(2)Why do you think you can become /be a language teacher?
四、反意疑問句
(1)You are going to the party this weekend, arent you? / You will go to the party this weekend, wont you?
(2)You dont get along well with your roommate, do you?
(3)Many people were killed in the earthquake that year, werent they?/ Many people lost their lives in the earthquake that year, didnt they?
(4)The little girl left a strong impression on you, didnt she?
(5)You havent solved old peoples health problem, have you?
五、選擇疑問句
(1)Do you like wearing school uniforms or clothes you like in school?
(2)Do people prefer to see doctors in the hospital or e-doctors?
(3)Is he interested in history or science?
(4)When shall we leave for the city of Guangzhou, in the morning or in the afternoon?
(5)How is he going to the theme park, by underground or by bus?
(6)Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?
責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青