王霖婧 郟將希 王璐璐 宋漢君 曾詩(shī)嘉

摘要：目的? 了解不同人群對(duì)腦死亡以及進(jìn)行腦死亡立法可行性的認(rèn)識(shí)情況。方法? 2017年9月～2018年8月對(duì)30000名不同年齡、不同學(xué)歷人群進(jìn)行腦死亡認(rèn)識(shí)及立法的可行性問(wèn)卷調(diào)查，并對(duì)調(diào)查結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果? 30000名接受調(diào)查的志愿者中，接受腦死亡概念者24567名（81.89%），不能接受腦死亡概念者5433名（18.11%）;調(diào)查對(duì)象隨年齡增長(zhǎng)，接受腦死亡概念的比例下降;將接受腦死亡概念的24567名志愿者按年齡分組，不同年齡段志愿者對(duì)腦死亡立法的觀點(diǎn)比較，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）;調(diào)查對(duì)象文化程度越高，接受腦死亡概念的比例也越高;將接受腦死亡概念的24567名志愿者按文化程度分組，文化程度越高，接受腦死亡立法觀點(diǎn)的比率也越高。結(jié)論? 提升人們尤其是中老年和文化程度較低人群對(duì)腦死亡概念及相關(guān)知識(shí)的認(rèn)識(shí)水平，對(duì)于推進(jìn)腦死亡立法具有積極意義。

關(guān)鍵詞：腦死亡;立法;醫(yī)學(xué)倫理;器官移植

中圖分類號(hào)：R741? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.10.044

文章編號(hào)：1006-1959（2019）10-0133-03

Abstract：Objective? To understand the understanding of the feasibility of brain death and brain death legislation in different populations.Methods? ? From September 2017 to August 2018， a questionnaire survey on the brain death awareness and legislation was conducted for 30，000 people of different ages and educations， and the results were analyzed.Results? Among the 30，000 volunteers who were surveyed， 24，567 （81.89%） were conceptually involved in brain death， and 5，433 （18.11%） were not able to accept the concept of brain death. The proportion of patients who accepted the concept of brain death decreased with age; the concept of brain death will be accepted. The 24，567 volunteers were grouped by age. The differences in the views on brain death legislation among different age groups were statistically significant （P<0.05）. The higher the educational level of the respondents， the higher the proportion of the concept of brain death; The 24，567 volunteers in the concept of brain death were grouped according to their level of education. The higher the level of education， the higher the rate of acceptance of brain death legislation.Conclusion? ? Improving the level of understanding of brain death concepts and related knowledge among people， especially middle-aged and low-educated people， is of positive significance for advancing brain death legislation.

Key words：Brain death;Legislation;Medical ethics;Organ transplantation

腦死亡（brain death）是指包括腦干、間腦、大腦發(fā)生永久性不可逆功能喪失以及患者出現(xiàn)自主呼吸功能的不可逆喪失[1]?！澳X死亡”概念于1959年由英國(guó)學(xué)者首次提出，1986年我國(guó)學(xué)者開(kāi)始在學(xué)術(shù)層面進(jìn)行討論，經(jīng)歷了數(shù)十年的發(fā)展，腦死亡立法多次被提案卻始終沒(méi)有通過(guò)[2]。近年來(lái)，國(guó)內(nèi)越來(lái)越多的學(xué)者提出或支持腦死亡立法的觀點(diǎn)。本次調(diào)查對(duì)30000名不同年齡、不同學(xué)歷人群進(jìn)行腦死亡概念認(rèn)知及進(jìn)行腦死亡立法可行性進(jìn)行分析，現(xiàn)匯報(bào)如下。