李偉燎 黃振強(qiáng) 唐華建
【摘要】 目的:探討原發(fā)性腸套疊患兒發(fā)病年齡和時(shí)長、體重與套疊深度、復(fù)位成功率及空氣灌腸壓力的相關(guān)性,以期對(duì)疾病的治療決策及病情評(píng)估提供參考依據(jù)。方法:回顧性分析2015年5月-2018年10月本院收治的腸套疊患兒425例的臨床資料。運(yùn)用SPSS軟件Kendallde(rK)和Spearman(rS)非參數(shù)相關(guān)系數(shù)相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn)分析發(fā)病年齡、時(shí)長、體重與套疊深度(分為回盲部及升結(jié)腸、結(jié)腸肝曲、橫結(jié)腸和結(jié)腸脾曲至肛門)、復(fù)位成功率及空氣灌腸壓力的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果:年齡與復(fù)位成功情況呈正相關(guān)(rK=0.243,rS=0.282,P<0.05),與空氣灌腸壓力、套疊頭深度均呈負(fù)相關(guān)(rK=-0.870、-0.201,rS=-0.114、-0.250,P<0.05);體重與復(fù)位成功情況呈正相關(guān)(rK=0.222,rS=0.267,P<0.05),與套疊頭深度呈負(fù)相關(guān)(rK=-0.175,rS=-0.226,P<0.05),與空氣灌腸壓力無關(guān)(rK=-0.035,rS=-0.049,P>0.05);發(fā)病時(shí)長與復(fù)位成功情況、套疊頭深度均呈負(fù)相關(guān)(rK=-0.134、-0.090,rS=-0.159、-0.116,P<0.05),與空氣灌腸壓力無關(guān)(rK=-0.005,rS=-0.007,P>0.05);空氣灌腸復(fù)位壓力與復(fù)位成功情況呈負(fù)相關(guān)(rK=-0.286,rS=-0.325,P<0.05),與套疊頭深度呈正相關(guān)(rK=0.177,rS=0.215,P<0.05),復(fù)位成功情況與套疊頭深度呈負(fù)相關(guān)(rK=-0.092,rS=-0.099,P<0.05)。結(jié)論:發(fā)病年齡小、體重輕及臨床表現(xiàn)出現(xiàn)早的原發(fā)性腸套疊患兒,套疊深度深、復(fù)位成功率低,穿孔等并發(fā)癥出現(xiàn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大;發(fā)病年齡越小,空氣灌腸復(fù)位壓力越大,但體重及發(fā)病時(shí)長并非空氣灌腸復(fù)位壓力的可靠評(píng)估因素;患兒發(fā)病年齡、體重及發(fā)病時(shí)長可能對(duì)評(píng)估套疊深度、空氣灌腸復(fù)位壓力及復(fù)位成功率有一定的作用。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 原發(fā)性; 腸套疊; 小兒; 臨床特征; 相關(guān)性
【Abstract】 Objective:To explore the correlation between age and duration of onset,weight and depth of intussusception,success rate of reduction and pressure of air enema in children with primary intussusception,so as to provide reference for decision-making of treatment and evaluation of disease.Method:The clinical data of?425 children with intussusception admitted to our hospital from May 2015 to October 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.SPSS software Kendallde(rK)and Spearman(rS)non-parametric correlation coefficient test was used to analyze the correlation between age,duration,weight and intussusception depth(divided into ileocecal and ascending colon,hepatic flexure of colon,transverse colon and splenic flexure of colon to anus),success rate of reduction and air enema pressure.Result:Age was positively correlated with success of reduction(rK=0.243,rS=0.282,P<0.05),negatively correlated with air enema pressure and depth of intussusception(rK=-0.870,-0.201,rS=-0.114,-0.250,P<0.05).Body weight was positively correlated with the success of reduction(rK=0.222,rS=0.267,P<0.05),negatively correlated with the depth of intussusception(rK=-0.175,rS=-0.226,P<0.05),but not with the air enema pressure(rK=-0.035,rS=-0.049,P>0.05).The duration of onset was negatively correlated with the success of reduction and the depth of intussusception(rK=-0.134,-0.090,rS=-0.159,-0.116,P<0.05),but not with the air enema pressure(rK=-0.005,rS=-0.007,P>0.05).The reduction air enema pressure was negatively correlated with the success of reduction(rK=-0.286,rS=-0.325,P<0.05),positively correlated with the depth of intussusception(rK=0.177,rS=0.215,P<0.05),negatively correlated with the success of reduction(rK=-0.092,rS=-0.099,P<0.05).Conclusion:Children with primary intussusception who are younger in onset,lighter in weight and earlier in clinical manifestation have deeper intussusception depth,lower success rate of reduction and higher risk of complications such as perforation;the younger the age of onset,the greater the reduction air enema pressure,but weight and duration of onset are not reliable factors for evaluating the reduction air enema pressure;age,weight and duration of onset may play a role in evaluating the depth of intussusception,reduction air enema pressure and success rate of reduction.
【Key words】 Primary; Intussusception; Children; Clinical features; CorrelationFirst-authors address:Foshan Women and Children Hospital,F(xiàn)oshan 528000,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2019.15.007
腸套疊(intussusception)是嚴(yán)重時(shí)可危及患兒生命的急腹癥,好發(fā)于嬰幼兒,發(fā)病率約2.3‰[1-2]。
腸套疊臨床表現(xiàn)多樣,出現(xiàn)的頻率也有所不同,陣發(fā)性哭鬧或腹痛79.08%、嘔吐29.70%、血便69.10%、腹部包塊72.19%,確診后主要以非手術(shù)治療為主,常予空氣灌腸復(fù)位[3-4]。然而對(duì)于臨床醫(yī)生及患兒家長關(guān)心的患兒腸套疊的套疊深度、空氣灌腸復(fù)位壓力、復(fù)位成功率等問題卻很難進(jìn)行評(píng)估。本文擬通過對(duì)采取空氣灌腸治療的原發(fā)性腸套疊患兒進(jìn)行回顧性分析并結(jié)合相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),重點(diǎn)分析患兒發(fā)病年齡和時(shí)長、體重與套疊深度、復(fù)位成功情況及空氣灌腸壓力的相關(guān)性,以期對(duì)疾病的治療決策及病情評(píng)估提供參考依據(jù)?,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 回顧性分析2015年5月-2018年10月本院小兒普外科收治的腸套疊患兒的臨床資料。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):發(fā)病年齡3~14歲;臨床表現(xiàn)為陣發(fā)性哭鬧或腹痛、嘔吐、血便及腹部包塊;采用腸管超聲+空氣灌腸造影雙重檢查確診腸套疊。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):影像學(xué)檢查高度懷疑存在器質(zhì)性病變;手術(shù)復(fù)位時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)腸管器質(zhì)性病變。符合納入和排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的腸套疊患兒共425例,均采用空氣灌腸復(fù)位,空氣灌腸適應(yīng)證及禁忌證:年齡>3個(gè)月患兒發(fā)病48 h以內(nèi),有較好的全身情況并且無明顯腸梗阻、腹膜炎及腸壞死等征象為本組患兒空氣灌腸復(fù)位適應(yīng)證;若發(fā)病超過48 h和/或全身情況欠佳,如重度脫水、休克以及有明顯腸梗阻、腹膜炎及腸壞死征象的腸套疊患兒被列為空氣灌腸禁忌證[5]。確診小腸套疊的患兒也不適宜進(jìn)行空氣灌腸[6]。
1.2 方法 (1)患兒入院后詳細(xì)記錄患兒年齡、體重以及發(fā)病時(shí)長信息。(2)經(jīng)腹部彩超及診斷性空氣灌腸明確診斷。(3)確診患兒予空氣灌腸復(fù)位治療,以低壓、持續(xù)、反復(fù)多次為原則,充氣模式均采用脈沖模式。(4)復(fù)位后記錄患兒空氣灌腸套疊頭深度并計(jì)分(分為4段:1分=回盲部及升結(jié)腸;2分=結(jié)腸肝曲;3分=橫結(jié)腸;4分=結(jié)腸脾曲至肛門)、復(fù)位成功率計(jì)分(成功為1分,失敗為0分)及空氣灌腸壓力。(5)復(fù)位后處理:患兒復(fù)位成功者予休息,給予拔管10 h內(nèi)禁食,10 h后予少量多次易消化飲食。觀察48 h無異常即可出院。若觀察過程中患兒出現(xiàn)腸套疊復(fù)發(fā)情形,予再次空氣灌腸;復(fù)位不成功者,予手術(shù)復(fù)位。分析患兒年齡、體重及發(fā)病時(shí)長與套疊頭深度、空氣灌腸復(fù)位壓力及復(fù)位成功率相關(guān)性。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 使用SPSS 19.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。計(jì)量資料符合正態(tài)分布用(x±s)表示,不符合正態(tài)分布用[M(P25,P75)]表示;計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,Kendallde(rK)及Spearman(rS)非參數(shù)相關(guān)系數(shù)檢驗(yàn)其相關(guān)性。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 臨床相關(guān)資料統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果 男284例,女141例;發(fā)病年齡3個(gè)月~7歲,平均1.00(0.67,2.00)歲;發(fā)病時(shí)長1~48 h,平均13.00(8.00,24.00)h;體重(10.88±3.35)kg;套疊深度:1分109例、2分188例、3分77例、4分51例,平均(2.16±0.94)分;空氣灌腸壓力(9.49±1.94)kPa;復(fù)位成功情況:成功384例、失敗41例,平均(0.90±0.30)分。
2.2 Kendallde非參數(shù)相關(guān)系數(shù)(rK)相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn) 年齡與復(fù)位成功情況呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05),與空氣灌腸壓力、套疊頭深度均呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05);體重與復(fù)位成功情況呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05),與套疊頭深度呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05),與空氣灌腸壓力無明顯相關(guān)(P>0.05);發(fā)病時(shí)長與復(fù)位成功情況、套疊頭深度均呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05),與空氣灌腸壓力無明顯相關(guān)(P>0.05)。見表1。
2.3 Spearman非參數(shù)相關(guān)系數(shù)(rS)相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn) 年齡與復(fù)位成功情況呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05),與空氣灌腸壓力、套疊頭深度均呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05);體重與復(fù)位成功情況呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05),與套疊頭深度呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05),與空氣灌腸壓力無明顯相關(guān)(P>0.05);發(fā)病時(shí)長與復(fù)位成功情況、套疊頭深度均呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05),與空氣灌腸壓力無明顯相關(guān)(P>0.05)。見表2。
2.4 空氣灌腸時(shí)各臨床參數(shù)間Kendallde(rK)和Spearman(rS)非參數(shù)相關(guān)系數(shù)相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn) 空氣灌腸復(fù)位壓力與復(fù)位成功情況呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05),與套疊頭深度呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05);復(fù)位成功情況與套疊頭深度呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05)。 見表3。
3 討論
腸套疊根據(jù)發(fā)病原因劃分,主要分為繼發(fā)性和原發(fā)性兩種[7]。病理性起始點(diǎn)(即腸管器質(zhì)性病變)被認(rèn)為是繼發(fā)性腸套疊主要誘因,如Meckels憩室、腸重復(fù)畸形、腸息肉等,手術(shù)治療可能是最佳選擇[8-9]。原發(fā)性腸套疊指無明顯腸管異常導(dǎo)致的腸套疊,此類型最為常見[10]。一般認(rèn)為與以下因素相關(guān):(1)飲食因素如飲食不規(guī)律、添加輔食等[11];(2)感染因素如腺病毒、輪狀病毒感染等[12];(3)腸管痙攣及自主神經(jīng)失調(diào)[13];(4)疫苗注射多個(gè)國家專家發(fā)現(xiàn)輪狀病毒疫苗接種可能對(duì)腸套疊發(fā)生有影響[14-15];(5)回盲部解剖因素如回盲瓣系帶、回盲口開口異常、回盲部游離度大、回盲部系帶等[16]。
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(收稿日期:2019-02-19) (本文編輯:董悅)
中國醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新2019年15期