閆春 肖華 趙真真 楊陽 宋迎迎 劉雯
[摘要]?目的 探討微管相關(guān)蛋白9(MAP9)編碼基因rs1058992位點多態(tài)性與EB病毒(EBV)相關(guān)腫瘤的關(guān)系。
方法采用飛行時間質(zhì)譜技術(shù),檢測3種EBV相關(guān)腫瘤(胃癌、鼻咽癌、淋巴瘤)與正常人外周血MAP9基因rs1058992位點基因型,比較腫瘤病人與正常人、EBV陽性腫瘤與EBV陰性腫瘤間基因型與等位基因頻率的差異。
結(jié)果EBV相關(guān)胃癌(EBVaGC)與EBV陰性胃癌(EBVnGC)MAP9基因rs1058992位點TT、CT、CC基因型分布及T、C等位基因頻率比較差異均有顯著性(χ2=7.687、6.154,P<0.05);EBVaGC與正常對照組C等位基因頻率比較差異有顯著性(χ2=4.442,P<0.05);EBVnGC與正常對照組比較,TT、CT、CC基因型分布及T、C等位基因頻率差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。EBV陽性鼻咽癌與EBV陰性鼻咽癌、正常對照組比較,TT、CT、CC基因型分布及T、C等位基因頻率差異均無顯著性(P>0.05)。EBV陽性淋巴瘤與EBV陰性淋巴瘤、正常對照組間比較,TT、CT、CC基因型分布及T、C等位基因頻率差異均無顯著性(P>0.05)。
結(jié)論MAP9基因rs1058992位點多態(tài)性和等位基因均與EBVaGC易感性有關(guān),C等位基因可能是EBVaGC的危險因素。
[關(guān)鍵詞]?微管相關(guān)蛋白質(zhì)類;多態(tài)性,單核苷酸;皰疹病毒4型,人;胃腫瘤;鼻咽腫瘤;淋巴瘤
[中圖分類號]?R341
[文獻標(biāo)志碼]?A
[文章編號]??2096-5532(2019)01-0068-05
ASSOCIATION OF MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 9 RS1058992 POLYMORPHISM WITH SUSCEPTIBILITY TO EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS-ASSOCIATED TUMORS
YAN Chun, XIAO Hua, ZHAO Zhenzhen, YANG Yang, SONG Yingying, LIU Wen
(Department of Pathogenic Biology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266021, China)
[ABSTRACT]ObjectiveTo investigate the association of microtubule-associated protein 9 (MAP9) rs1058992 polymorphism with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated tumors.
MethodsTime-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to determine the genotype of MAP9 gene rs1058992 in the patients with one of the three EBV-associated tumors (gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and lymphoma) and peripheral blood samples of normal subjects. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between tumor patients and normal subjects and between EBV-positive tumors and EBV-negative tumors.
ResultsThere were significant differences in the distribution of TT, CT, and CC genotypes of MAP9 rs1058992 and the frequencies of T and C alleles between the EBV-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) group and the EBV-negative gastric cancer (EBVnGC) group (χ2=7.687 and 6.154,P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the frequency of C allele between the EBVaGC group and the normal control group (χ2=4.442,P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the EBVnGC group and the normal control group in the distribution of TT, CT, and CC genotypes and the frequencies of T and C alleles (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the distribution of TT, CT, and CC genotypes and the frequencies of T and C alleles between the EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma group and the EBV-negative nasopharyngeal carcinoma group/normal control group (P>0.05). There were also no significant differences in the distribution of TT, CT, and CC genotypes and the frequencies of T and C alleles between the EBV-positive lymphoma group and the EBV-negative lymphoma group/normal control group (P>0.05).
ConclusionMAP9 rs1058992 polymorphism and allele are associated with the susceptibility to EBVaGC, and the C allele may be a risk factor for EBVaGC.
[KEY WORDS]microtubule-associated proteins; polymorphism, single nucleotide; herpesvirus 4, human; stomach neoplasms; nasopharyngeal neoplasms; lymphoma
幽門螺桿菌感染是胃癌的主要致病危險因素之一,其可通過慢性萎縮性胃炎導(dǎo)致胃癌的發(fā)生[1]。但其他感染因子也可能參與胃癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展,如EB病毒(EBV)感染與部分胃癌發(fā)病的關(guān)系已被確認,EBV相關(guān)胃癌(EBVaGC)占胃癌總數(shù)的10%左右,可發(fā)生于所有組織學(xué)類型的胃癌[2-4]。微管相關(guān)蛋白(MAPs)家族可以調(diào)節(jié)微管的穩(wěn)定性,MAPs通過調(diào)節(jié)微管與肌動蛋白的直接交聯(lián)參與細胞的增殖過程,進而可能會對腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展與存活有影響[5-8]。研究表明,MAP9是與中心點及紡錘體相關(guān)的蛋白,其異常表達可導(dǎo)致有絲分裂缺陷,促進細胞癌變[9-11]。單核苷酸多態(tài)性(SNP)是人類基因組序列變異的主要形式,是致癌發(fā)生早期的關(guān)鍵致病因子,已被廣泛用作診斷和評估某些疾病和癌癥的風(fēng)險及預(yù)后的生物標(biāo)記物[12-14]。此前,有關(guān)EBVaGC基因多態(tài)性的研究盡管眾多[15-16],但目前尚未見有關(guān)MAP9基因SNP的報道。本文對EBVaGC、鼻咽癌(NPC)與淋巴瘤組織中MAP9基因高突變位點rs1058992多態(tài)性進行檢測分析,并探討EBV對MAP9基因的影響。
1?資料與方法
1.1?研究對象
選擇青島大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院與青島市市立醫(yī)院病理科收集的胃癌、NPC及淋巴瘤組織標(biāo)本,其中胃癌新鮮組織標(biāo)本與石蠟包埋組織標(biāo)本152例,病人男119例,女33例,平均年齡(57.31±11.49)歲;NPC新鮮組織標(biāo)本與石蠟包埋組織標(biāo)本98例,男67例,女31例,平均年齡(47.94±14.21)歲;淋巴瘤石蠟包埋組織標(biāo)本128例,男78例,女50例,平均年齡(47.75±19.69)歲。所有標(biāo)本均經(jīng)病理學(xué)檢查確診。同時,取100例健康人外周血5 mL為正常對照組,采用EDTA抗凝,經(jīng)離心分離單核細胞群用于提取DNA。
1.2?EBV感染鑒定
采用原位雜交技術(shù)檢測石蠟包埋組織標(biāo)本中EBV編碼小RNA1(EBER1),EBER1特異性寡核苷酸反義探針(AGACACCGTCCTCACCACCCG-GGACTTGTA)[17]采用Roche公司的Dig Oligonucleotide 3′-end Labeling kit標(biāo)記。EBER1陽性者確定為EBV陽性標(biāo)本[18]。
1.3?DNA提取
采用蛋白酶K消化和酚-氯仿法提取外周血與新鮮組織標(biāo)本DNA,石蠟包埋組織DNA抽提試劑盒(QIAGEN,德國)提取石蠟包埋組織中的DNA。采用NanoPhotometer P360 (IMPLEN,德國)檢測樣本DNA濃度和純度,所有樣品DNA濃度需介于0.05~0.50 g/L之間。
1.4?基因多態(tài)性檢測
所有DNA樣本均直接送華大基因公司,采用時間飛行質(zhì)譜技術(shù)檢測MAP9基因rs1058992位點的基因型。
1.5?統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析
應(yīng)用SPSS 17.0軟件進行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析,數(shù)據(jù)間比較采用卡方檢驗與Fisher精確檢驗(雙向)分析,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。用無條件Logistic回歸比較值(OR)和95%置信區(qū)間(CI)表示相關(guān)組間的相關(guān)性。
2?結(jié)??果
2.1?各組標(biāo)本EBV感染情況
EBER1原位雜交篩選出58例EBVaGC、88例EBV陽性NPC和86例EBV陽性淋巴瘤。
2.2EBVaGC中MAP9基因rs1058992位點基因型分析
胃癌與正常對照組3種基因型TT、CT、CC分布及等位基因T和C頻率見表1。EBVaGC組與EBV陰性胃癌(EBVnGC)組比較,TT、CT、CC基因型分布差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=7.687,P<0.05)。針對等位基因C分別建立顯性模型與隱性模型,在隱性模型中,EBVaGC組的CC基因型頻率明顯高于EBVnGC組(χ2=7.654,P<0.01,OR=2.558,95%CI=1.306~5.010);而顯性模型,與EBVnGC組比較,EBVaGC組CC+TC基因型無明顯增加。與EBVnGC組比較,EBVaGC組C等位基因頻率明顯升高,T等位基因頻率明顯降低(χ2=6.154,P<0.05,OR=1.904,95%CI=1.141~3.179)。EBVaGC組與正常對照組比較,3種基因型分布無明顯差異(P>0.05);針對等位基因C建立的顯性模型與隱性模型的統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析結(jié)果表明兩組間也無顯著差異(P>0.05);而EBVaGC組C等位基因頻率明顯高于正常對照組,T等位基因則明顯低于正常對照組(χ2=4.442,P<0.05,OR=1.724,95% CI=1.036~2.870)。EBVnGC與正常對照組比較,3種基因型分布、等位基因C的顯性模型與隱性模型以及C與T的等位基因頻率比較,差異均無顯著性(P>0.05)。正常對照組3種基因型分布符合遺傳平衡定律。
2.3EBV相關(guān)NPC中MAP9基因rs1058992位點基因型分析
NPC組與正常對照組3種基因型(TT、CT、CC)分布與等位基因T和C頻率見表2。EBV陽性NPC組與EBV陰性NPC組比較,3種基因型分布差異無顯著性(χ2=0.132,P>0.05)。針對等位基因C建立顯性模型與隱性模型,在隱性模型中,EBV陽性NPC組的CC基因型頻率與EBV陰性NPC組比較差異無顯著性(P=0.750,OR=0.796,95%CI=0.215~2.947);在顯性模型中,與EBV陰性NPC組比較,EBV陽性NPC組CC+TC基因型沒有明顯增加(P=1.000,OR=0.778,95%CI=0.090~6.747)。與EBV陰性NPC組相比較,EBV陽性NPC組C等位基因與T等位基因頻率均未見明顯變化(χ2=0.135,P>0.05,OR=0.829,95% CI=0.303~2.266)。
EBV陽性NPC組與正常對照組比較,3種基因型分布無明顯差異(χ2=0.235,P>0.05);針對等位基因C建立的顯性模型與隱性模型,統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析結(jié)果表明兩組間差異也無顯著意義(P>0.05);而EBV陽性NPC組C等位基因頻率與正常對照組無明顯差異(χ2=0.238,P>0.05,OR=1.111,95%CI=0.727~1.699)。EBV陰性NPC組與正常對照組相比較,3種基因型分布、等位基因C的顯性模型與隱性模型以及C與T的等位基因頻率差異均無顯著性(P>0.05)。
2.4EBV相關(guān)淋巴瘤中MAP9基因rs1058992位點基因型分析
淋巴瘤與正常對照組中3種基因型 TT、CT、CC 分布與等位基因T和C頻率見表3。EBV陽性淋巴瘤組與EBV陰性淋巴瘤組比較,3種基因型分布差異無顯著性(χ2=1.272,P>0.05)。針對等位基因C建立顯性模型與隱性模型,在隱性模型中,EBV陽性淋巴瘤組CC基因型頻率與EBV陰性淋巴瘤組比較差異無顯著性(χ2=1.261,P>0.05,OR=0.654,95%CI=0.311~1.375);而在顯性模型,與EBV陰性淋巴瘤組比較,EBV陽性淋巴瘤組CC+TC基因型無明顯增加(χ2=0.241,P>0.05,OR=0.759,95%CI=0.251~2.290)。與EBV陰性淋巴瘤組比較,EBV陽性淋巴瘤組C等位基因與T等位基因頻率均未見明顯變化(χ2=1.152,P>0.05,OR=0.738,95%CI=0.423~1.287)。
EBV陽性淋巴瘤組與正常對照組比較,3種基因型分布差異無顯著性(χ2=0.066,P>0.05);針對等位基因C建立顯性模型與隱性模型,統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析結(jié)果表明兩組間差異也無顯著意義(P>0.05);而EBV陽性淋巴瘤組C等位基因頻率與正常對照組比較差異無顯著意義(χ2=0.066,P>0.05,OR=0.946,95%CI=0.621~1.443)。EBV陰性淋巴瘤組與正常對照組相比較,3種基因型分布、等位基因C的顯性模型與隱性模型以及C與T等位基因頻率差異均無顯著性(P>0.05)。
3?討??論
MAP9屬MAP家族,MAPs可調(diào)節(jié)微管性質(zhì)和功能,其表達或翻譯修飾的改變可能會導(dǎo)致微管動力學(xué)失調(diào),從而導(dǎo)致細胞有絲分裂失常,與包括癌癥在內(nèi)的多種疾病的發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān)[19]。有研究表明,與相應(yīng)癌旁組織相比較,結(jié)直腸癌組織中MAP9表達下調(diào)[20]。在DNA損傷應(yīng)答中,MAP9通過其N端部分與p53直接作用,有助于p53的穩(wěn)定性,并促進p53依賴的轉(zhuǎn)錄,進而影響腫瘤的發(fā)生[21]。有關(guān)MAP9基因的SNP則少有研究報道。rs1058992位點位于MAP9基因的第11個外顯子,核苷酸由T突變?yōu)镃,其突變屬于錯義突變,編碼的氨基酸由賴氨酸突變?yōu)榫彼?,由此引起的編碼蛋白結(jié)構(gòu)與功能的改變有待進一步研究。本研究對MAP9基因多態(tài)性與EBV相關(guān)腫瘤(NPC、淋巴瘤及胃癌)易感性的關(guān)系進行了分析,研究結(jié)果顯示,EBVaGC組與EBVnGC組間rs1058992位點基因型分布與等位基因差異有顯著意義,EBVaGC組突變基因型CC以及等位基因C頻率明顯升高,基因型TT、CT與等位基因T頻率則相應(yīng)的降低,提示CC基因型及等位基因C是EBVaGC的危險因素;EBVaGC組較正常對照組C等位基因頻率明顯增加,T等位基因降低,而EBVnGC組中該位點基因型分布與等位基因頻率與正常對照組比較無明顯差異,提示胃癌EBV易感性與此位點突變密切相關(guān)。在鼻咽癌與淋巴瘤中,EBV陽性腫瘤組與正常對照組、EBV陰性腫瘤組間基因型分布與等位基因頻率差異無顯著性,提示在這兩種腫瘤中EBV的易感性與rs1058992位點的突變無明顯相關(guān)性,而導(dǎo)致這種差異的主要原因很可能在于EBV的潛伏機制不同。眾所周知,EBVaGC中EBV為Ⅰ型潛伏,與其他EBV相關(guān)腫瘤如NPC、Burkitt’s淋巴瘤等組織中病毒編碼基因的表達不完全相同[22-24]。如公認的EBV細胞轉(zhuǎn)化基因,即潛伏膜蛋白1(LMP1)編碼基因在EBVaGC組織不表達,其主要表達EBV核抗原(EBNA)和EBER,另有部分病人可以表達LMP2A[25-28],推測EBV相關(guān)腫瘤組織中MAP9基因rs1058992位點多態(tài)性與EBV編碼蛋白不同有關(guān)。此外,本實驗室的前期研究表明,在EBVaGC細胞系中MAP9處于高表達狀態(tài),而在EBVnGC細胞系中低表達,而MAP9基因rs1058992位點多態(tài)性是否與其表達相關(guān),還需進一步的研究證明。
綜上所述,MAP9基因rs1058992位點CC突變基因型和C等位基因均與EBVaGC易感性有關(guān),C等位基因可能是EBVaGC的危險因素,MAP9基因rs1058992位點多態(tài)性可作為EBVaGC的腫瘤標(biāo)志物。
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