周秀瓊
【摘?要】 目的:探討優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理干預(yù)對(duì)于妊高征產(chǎn)后出血的影響。方法:將96例妊高征患者分為兩組,觀察組(優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理干預(yù)組)和對(duì)照組(常規(guī)護(hù)理組),觀察血壓變化,對(duì)比SAS評(píng)分及不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)出血量,統(tǒng)計(jì)產(chǎn)后出血率及護(hù)理滿意度。結(jié)果:護(hù)理后,觀察組患者的滿意度高于對(duì)照組,血壓、SAS評(píng)分、產(chǎn)后出血率及產(chǎn)后2h、24h出血量均低于對(duì)照組,對(duì)比差異,P<0.05。結(jié)論:妊高征應(yīng)用優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理干預(yù)能降低患者產(chǎn)后出血概率,控制患者血壓水平。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 妊高征;優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理干預(yù);產(chǎn)后出血
Effect of quality nursing intervention on postpartum hemorrhage in pregnancy induced hypertension
Zhou Xiuqiong
First People's Hospital of Jintang County, Chengdu, Sichuan,610400
[Abstract] Objective:To explore the effect of quality nursing intervention on PIH postpartum hemorrhage. Methods:96 patients with PIH were divided into two groups: the observation group (quality nursing intervention group) and the control group (routine nursing group). The changes of blood pressure were observed, the SAS score and bleeding volume at different time points were compared, the rate of postpartum hemorrhage and nursing satisfaction were counted. Results:After nursing, the patients' satisfaction in the observation group is higher than those in the control group. The blood pressure,SAS score, postpartum hemorrhage rate and the amount of blood loss at 2 hours after delivery were lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of high quality nursing intervention in PIH can reduce postpartum hemorrhage probability, control patient's blood pressure level.
[Key words]Pregnancy induced hypertension; Quality nursing intervention; Postpartum hemorrhage
妊高征全稱妊娠期高血壓綜合征,為妊娠期特有的疾病種類,隨病情進(jìn)展,患者血壓升高,微小血管逐漸發(fā)生損傷,腎功能持續(xù)性損害,在分娩時(shí)可引起患者產(chǎn)后出血,此病可成為孕產(chǎn)婦及胎兒的死亡因素之一,對(duì)患者的妊娠結(jié)局有較大的影響[1]。合適的護(hù)理干預(yù)對(duì)于妊高征患者來說,有極其重要的作用,本文為探討優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理干預(yù)對(duì)于妊高征患者產(chǎn)后出血的影響,展開研究,報(bào)告如下。
1?資料與方法
1.1?一般資料
所有觀察對(duì)象均選自于2017年3月至2018年10月本院收治的妊高征患者,根據(jù)分段隨機(jī)原則分為兩組。
觀察組50例,年齡在22~40歲,平均(30.45±6.78)歲;其中,經(jīng)產(chǎn)婦14例,初產(chǎn)婦36例。對(duì)照組46例,年齡在21~41歲,平均(31.01±6.88)歲;其中,經(jīng)產(chǎn)婦14例,初產(chǎn)婦32例。
入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):1)均明確診斷為妊高征[2];2)血壓升高;3)有不同程度產(chǎn)后出血風(fēng)險(xiǎn);4)均為單胎;5)經(jīng)本院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)同意。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):1)腎功能損傷者;2)心功能不全;3)妊娠前已診斷高血壓者。
兩組患者年齡、產(chǎn)次等對(duì)比差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2?方法
對(duì)照組患者給予常規(guī)護(hù)理,包括病情觀察、用藥護(hù)理、生命體征的監(jiān)測(cè)、產(chǎn)后注意事項(xiàng)宣教等。
觀察組患者接受優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理干預(yù),實(shí)施責(zé)任制整體護(hù)理,責(zé)任護(hù)士為患者提供連續(xù)的護(hù)理服務(wù),加強(qiáng)病員的健康宣教和指導(dǎo)。1)疾病認(rèn)知:利用講座、群體宣教、個(gè)體教育等方式進(jìn)行妊高征的疾病知識(shí)講解,提高患者對(duì)于疾病的認(rèn)知;并進(jìn)行分娩方式的宣教,如陰道分娩的用力方法、呼吸方法,剖腹產(chǎn)患者的術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備及注意事項(xiàng),分娩后會(huì)陰護(hù)理、出血觀察等。2)心理干預(yù):加強(qiáng)與患者的溝通,了解患者的內(nèi)心動(dòng)態(tài),運(yùn)用心理溝通技巧進(jìn)行患者的心理輔導(dǎo),協(xié)助患者進(jìn)行不良情緒的宣泄與排解。3)飲食護(hù)理:依據(jù)患者血壓、有無蛋白尿、飲食喜好、飲食習(xí)慣等進(jìn)行飲食的調(diào)整,在保證營養(yǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上,限制碳水化合物及鈉鹽的攝入,食用添加優(yōu)質(zhì)蛋白、富含鈣、鋅、鐵等元素的食物[3]。4)睡眠護(hù)理:良好的睡眠對(duì)于患者的心理狀態(tài)有潛在的影響,失眠或睡眠質(zhì)量不佳可引起血壓升高及焦慮、抑郁,不利于患者的妊娠及分娩。可進(jìn)行睡前聽輕音樂、泡腳,以左側(cè)臥位為主,以改善患者的睡眠質(zhì)量。5)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估:加強(qiáng)對(duì)患者用藥的監(jiān)測(cè),掌握患者用藥后的不適反應(yīng),對(duì)患者產(chǎn)后出血風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)估,適當(dāng)進(jìn)行干預(yù),逐步降低患者出血風(fēng)險(xiǎn),扭轉(zhuǎn)患者的妊娠結(jié)局。