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[摘要]目的 研究多西他賽聯(lián)合表柔比星方案化療治療三陰性乳腺癌(TNBC)患者的效果及對腫瘤抑制蛋白p53(p53)、血管內(nèi)皮生長因子(VEGF)的影響。方法 選取2013年1月~2015年12月我院收治的124例女性TNBC患者作為研究對象,按照隨機數(shù)字表法將其分為實驗組(n=62)與對照組(n=62)。對照組患者行環(huán)磷酰胺聯(lián)合表柔比星方案化療,實驗組患者行多西他賽聯(lián)合表柔比星方案化療。觀察兩組患者治療前后血清VEGF亞型(VEGF A、VEGF B、VEGF C)水平、p53陽性表達率,比較兩組患者的臨床療效、1~3年生存率及毒副作用發(fā)生情況。結果 治療后,實驗組患者的VEGF A、VEGF B、VEGF C水平均低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。實驗組患者治療后的p53陽性表達率低于對照組,客觀有效(OR)率高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。兩組患者1、2年生存率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);實驗組患者的3年生存率高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。兩組患者的毒副作用發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。結論 多西他賽、表柔比星新輔助化療可有效殺滅TNBC,抑制VEGF各亞型及p53表達,3年生存率高,毒副作用少,安全可靠。
[關鍵詞]多西他賽;表柔比星;新輔助化療;三陰性乳腺癌;腫瘤抑制蛋白p53;血管內(nèi)皮生長因子
[中圖分類號] R737.9 ? ? [文獻標識碼] A ? ? [文章編號] 1674-4721(2020)3(b)-0008-05
Influence of Docetaxel combined with Epirubicin regimen chemotherapy on p53 and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with triple negative breast cancer
CUI Hai? ?JIN Yong-min? ?GAO Ai-hua
Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Jilin Province, Yanji? ?133000, China
[Abstract] Objective To study the effect of Docetaxel combined with Epirubicin regimen chemotherapy in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and influence on tumor suppressor protein p53 (p53) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methods A total of 124 female TNBC patients admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to December 2015 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into experimental group (n=62) and control group (n=62) according to the random number table method. The Control group received Cyclophosphamide combined with Epirubicin regimen chemotherapy, while the experimental group received Docetaxel combined with Epirubicin regimen chemotherapy. The levels of serum VEGF subtypes such as VEGF A, VEGF B, VEGF C and p53 positive expression rates were observed before and after treatment in the two groups. The clinical efficacy, 1 to 3-year survival rates and incidence of toxic and side effect in the two groups of patients were compared. Results After treatment, the levels of VEGF A, VEGF B, and VEGF C in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the positive expression rate of p53 in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group, and the objective response (OR) rate was higher than that in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the 1- and 2-year survival rates between the two groups of patients (P>0.05). The 3-year survival rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of toxic and side effect between the two groups of patients (P>0.05). Conclusion Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with Docetaxel and Epirubicin can effectively kill TNBC, and inhibit the expression of VEGF subtypes and p53. The 3-year survival rate is high, the toxic and side effect is less, and it is safe and reliable.
2.4兩組患者1~3年內(nèi)生存情況的比較
兩組患者1、2年生存率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);實驗組患者的3年生存率高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)(表5)。
2.5兩組患者毒副作用發(fā)生情況的比較
兩組患者的毒副作用發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)(表6)。
3討論
TNBC具有惡性程度高,早期易轉(zhuǎn)移等特點[6]。術前行NC不但能夠有效縮小病灶體積,降低病灶分期,清除機體微轉(zhuǎn)移灶及游離癌細胞團,使無法行手術治療的患者獲得手術治療的機會,還可為術后化療方案的選擇提供參考[7]。
作為紫杉烷化類藥物,多西他賽作用機制類似于紫杉醇[8]。多西他賽可特異性干預細胞微管網(wǎng),抑制微管解聚與促進微管蛋白聚合,阻斷腫瘤細胞周期于M期、G2期,使其有絲分裂無法正常進行,致使其凋亡[9]。多西他賽可調(diào)控免疫細胞,引發(fā)特異性免疫及天然免疫。和直接殺滅腫瘤細胞相比較,作為免疫劑,多西他賽具有藥理活性高、毒副作用少的優(yōu)點[10]。表柔比星為蒽環(huán)類藥物,可降低轉(zhuǎn)錄酶活性,抑制DNA轉(zhuǎn)錄、復制,干預細胞周期,使細胞周期無法正常延續(xù),從而達到殺滅腫瘤細胞,抑制其遠處轉(zhuǎn)移的目的[11]。表柔比星可作用于腫瘤細胞DNA堿基對,干預DNA轉(zhuǎn)錄、合成,抑制合成DNA[12]。表柔比星還可干預腫瘤細胞逆轉(zhuǎn)錄,抑制合成RNA,促使腫瘤細胞凋亡[13]。本研究結果顯示,實驗組患者的OR率、3年生存率均高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),兩組患者的毒副作用發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),提示多西他賽聯(lián)合表柔比星方案化療治療TNBC可有效殺滅腫瘤細胞,提高患者OR率,延長生存時間,且毒副作用相對較少,較環(huán)磷酰胺聯(lián)合表柔比星方案效果更好。
p53為p53基因生成的蛋白,按p53基因不同p53分為野生型p53、突變型p53兩種類型[14]。野生型p53對DNA具有保護作用,不但可避免其受到射線及藥物影響,修復DNA損傷,還可作用于G期細胞,維持其正常增殖、分化,抑制其惡性增殖,殺滅癌變細胞[15]。p53基因突變可生成突變型p53,致使p53喪失正常功能,難以維持正常細胞周期,并誘導發(fā)生異常有絲分裂,導致細胞癌變。此外,突變型p53對野生型p53具有較強的抑制作用,可抑制野生型p53發(fā)揮正常抑癌功能,致使惡性腫瘤發(fā)生[16]。研究證明,突變型p53過度表達說明癌基因大量擴增,癌細胞增殖能力較強[17]。因野生型p53半衰期較短,難以經(jīng)免疫組化檢測,而突變型p53半衰期較長,通??山?jīng)免疫組化檢出[18]。VEGF可特異性促進內(nèi)皮細胞增殖及新生血管形成,增加血管通透性,是腫瘤發(fā)生、進展的基礎[19]。VEGF A、VEGF B可經(jīng)結合VEGFR1激活AKT、ERK、PI3K等信號通道路勁誘導內(nèi)皮細胞增殖,導致新生血管形成,促進腫瘤生長及轉(zhuǎn)移[20]。VEGF A、VEGF C可結合VEGFR1促進新生淋巴管形成,導致腫瘤發(fā)生淋巴結轉(zhuǎn)移[21]。且經(jīng)VEGF C促進生成的淋巴管具有淋巴清除水平差、無瓣膜功能等特征,有助于腫瘤的淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移[22]。本研究中,實驗組患者治療后的VEGF各亞型及p53陽性表達率均低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),提示多西他賽聯(lián)合表柔比星方案化療可有效清除TNBC病灶,抑制VEGF各亞型及突變型p53生成。
綜上所述,多西他賽、表柔比星新輔助化療可有效殺滅TNBC,抑制VEGF各亞型及p53表達,3年生存率高,安全可靠,值得推薦。
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(收稿日期:2019-09-04? 本文編輯:任秀蘭)