戴瑩瑩 閻春玲 畢明霞 焦倩 杜希恂 姜宏
[摘要] 目的 探討載脂蛋白D (Apo D)對(duì)多巴胺能神經(jīng)元保護(hù)作用。方法 首先觀察25~500 μmol/L的1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶陽(yáng)離子(MPP+)對(duì)MES23.5細(xì)胞存活率的影響,確定最佳造模濃度;在此基礎(chǔ)上觀察2~32 nmol/L Apo D預(yù)處理對(duì)200 μmol/L的MPP+誘導(dǎo)的MES23.5細(xì)胞存活率的影響。結(jié)果 與MPP+處理組相比,8 nmol/L Apo D預(yù)處理可明顯拮抗MPP+誘導(dǎo)的MES23.5細(xì)胞存活率的降低,差異有顯著性(F=85.06,P<0.01)。結(jié)論 外源性Apo D可拮抗多巴胺能神經(jīng)元損傷并發(fā)揮其保護(hù)作用,這為PD的防治提供新的思路。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 帕金森病;載脂蛋白D類;多巴胺能神經(jīng)元
[中圖分類號(hào)] R742.5 ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼] A ?[文章編號(hào)] 2096-5532(2020)02-0140-03
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2020.56.093 [開(kāi)放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID)]
[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版] http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/37.1517.R.20200519.1433.005.html;2020-05-20 08:59
[ABSTRACT] Objective To investigate the protective effect of apolipoprotein D (Apo D) on dopaminergic neurons. Methods First, the effect of 25-500 μmol/L 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridiniumion (MPP+) on the survival rate of MES23.5 cells was observed to find the optimal modeling concentration. Then on this basis, the effect of 2-32 nmol/L Apo D pre-treatment on the survival rate of MES23.5 cells induced by 200 μmol/L MPP+ was observed. ?Results Compared with the MPP+ treatment group, 8 nmol/L Apo D pre-treatment could significantly antagonize MPP+-induced decrease in the survival rate of MES23.5 cells (F=85.06,P<0.01). ?Conclusion Exogenous Apo D can antagonize dopaminergic neuronal injury and exert a protective effect, which provides new ideas for the prevention and treatment of Parkinsons disease.
[KEY WORDS] Parkinson disease; apolipoproteins D; dopaminergic neurons
帕金森?。≒D)是一種多發(fā)于中老年人中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的退行性疾病,主要臨床癥狀為靜止性震顫、肌僵直、運(yùn)動(dòng)遲緩和姿勢(shì)反射性障礙等[1-2]。PD的主要病理特征是中腦黑質(zhì)(SN)多巴胺能神經(jīng)元選擇性缺失,殘存的神經(jīng)元內(nèi)出現(xiàn)以α-突觸核蛋白(α-Syn)異常聚集為主形成的路易小體(LBs)[3-4]。PD的病因尚未明確,與氧化應(yīng)激、自由基形成、金屬動(dòng)態(tài)平衡和線粒體功能障礙相關(guān)的機(jī)制都有涉及[5]。最近的研究表明,PD轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠大腦膽固醇水平升高,而載脂蛋白參與膽固醇穩(wěn)態(tài)的維持,載脂蛋白與PD之間可能存在聯(lián)系[6-8]。載脂蛋白D(Apo D)是載脂蛋白家族的成員之一[9],在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中,Apo D主要由星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞和少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生和分泌,為在衰老的大腦、神經(jīng)退行性疾病和精神疾病中始終過(guò)量表達(dá)的少數(shù)基因之一[10-11]。研究表明,轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠Apo D過(guò)表達(dá)導(dǎo)致其對(duì)氧化應(yīng)激的抗性增強(qiáng)[12-15]。相反,小鼠、植物和果蠅中的Apo D失活導(dǎo)致氧化抗性降低,從而降低其存活率[13,16-19]。那么,Apo D對(duì)PD病理細(xì)胞模型是否具有保護(hù)作用呢?本研究探討Apo D對(duì)多巴胺能神經(jīng)元的作用,以期為PD的防治提供新的思路。
1 材料與方法
1.1 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)
將MES23.5細(xì)胞在含有體積分?jǐn)?shù)0.05的胎牛血清和100 kU/L青霉素和鏈霉素的DMEM-F12(Gibco,USA)培養(yǎng)液中培養(yǎng)。細(xì)胞以1×105/cm2的密度接種在平板中,生長(zhǎng)到70%~80%融合度,將細(xì)胞分為4組。①對(duì)照組:與ddH2O預(yù)孵育48 h;②MPP+處理組:與ddH2O預(yù)孵育24 h,然后加入200 μmol/L MPP+孵育24 h;③Apo D處理組:與2~32 nmol/L Apo D(Biovendor,USA)共孵育48 h;④Apo D-MPP+組:與2~32 nmol/L ApoD預(yù)孵育24 h,然后與200 μmol/L MPP+孵育24 h。
1.2 細(xì)胞活力測(cè)定
應(yīng)用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴鹽(MTT)測(cè)定法測(cè)定細(xì)胞活力。各組細(xì)胞經(jīng)處理后,將培養(yǎng)基換成最終濃度為5 g/L的MTT溶液,37 ℃條件下放置4 h。棄去培養(yǎng)基,向各孔加入100 μL DMSO,于搖床震蕩10 min至晶體完全溶解,使用酶標(biāo)儀(Molecular Device,USA)分別檢測(cè)494 nm和630 nm波長(zhǎng)處吸光度(A)值,計(jì)算各組細(xì)胞存活率。細(xì)胞存活率=實(shí)驗(yàn)組吸光度均值(A494-A630)/陰性對(duì)照組吸光度均值(A494-A630)×100%。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
應(yīng)用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理,符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料結(jié)果以±s表示。多組均數(shù)的比較采用單因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA),繼以 Tukey方法進(jìn)行兩兩均數(shù)間的比較。P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié) ?果
2.1 不同濃度MPP+誘導(dǎo)的MES23.5細(xì)胞存活率比較
MES23.5細(xì)胞經(jīng)25~500 μmol/L的MPP+預(yù)處理24 h后,MTT法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞活力結(jié)果見(jiàn)表1。與對(duì)照組比較,25~500 μmol/L MPP+處理組細(xì)胞存活率降低(F=52.90,P<0.001),其中200 μmol/L處理組細(xì)胞的存活率降低了34.6%(P<0.001)??紤]到200 μmol/L MPP+是引起細(xì)胞損傷的最低濃度,因此選擇將其用于后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。
2.2 Apo D處理對(duì)MPP+誘導(dǎo)的MES23.5細(xì)胞存活率降低的影響
使用2~32 nmol/L濃度范圍的Apo D預(yù)處理24 h,可以拮抗MPP+誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞毒性(F=13.20,P<0.001),并在8 nmol/L發(fā)揮其最大的保護(hù)作用(P<0.01)。見(jiàn)表2。不同濃度的Apo D處理沒(méi)有產(chǎn)生細(xì)胞毒性作用(F=4.06,P<0.001)。見(jiàn)表3。因此,Apo D預(yù)處理對(duì)MPP+處理的MES23.5細(xì)胞具有保護(hù)作用。
3 討 ?論
有研究顯示,Apo D在神經(jīng)退行性疾病中上調(diào),延長(zhǎng)了壽命并增加了果蠅的抗逆性[14]。PD病人的SN中Apo D也增加[20],這意味著PD病人腦中Apo D與PD有關(guān)。Apo D可自由通過(guò)血-腦脊液屏障。有研究顯示,2、4、8 nmol/L Apo D可拮抗PQ處理的原代星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞存活率的降低[12]。那么,外源給予Apo D對(duì)多巴胺能神經(jīng)元是否發(fā)揮保護(hù)作用呢?本研究結(jié)果顯示,Apo D預(yù)孵育可以拮抗MPP+誘導(dǎo)的MES23.5細(xì)胞存活率的降低,說(shuō)明Apo D對(duì)多巴胺能神經(jīng)元具有保護(hù)作用;其保護(hù)作用與濃度有關(guān),以8 nmol/L濃度保護(hù)作用最大。而單獨(dú)給予不同濃度Apo D處理MES23.5細(xì)胞的存活率沒(méi)有變化,說(shuō)明外源性使用Apo D對(duì)細(xì)胞沒(méi)有毒性作用。因此,推測(cè)臨床使用Apo D應(yīng)該是安全的,這為Apo D的臨床應(yīng)用提供了基礎(chǔ)。
MPP+可以通過(guò)多巴胺再攝取系統(tǒng)進(jìn)入細(xì)胞,并抑制線粒體呼吸鏈的復(fù)合體Ⅰ產(chǎn)生氧化應(yīng)激,線粒體功能障礙和氧化應(yīng)激引起的多巴胺能神經(jīng)元變性是PD的重要特征[21]。研究表明,Apo D在轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠中的過(guò)度表達(dá)可使其對(duì)氧化應(yīng)激的抗性增強(qiáng)[12]。由此我們推測(cè), Apo D對(duì)多巴胺能神經(jīng)元的保護(hù)作用可能與其抗氧化應(yīng)激有關(guān)。
總之,Apo D對(duì)MPP+誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞毒性具有拮抗作用,從而保護(hù)多巴胺能神經(jīng)元免受氧化應(yīng)激的損傷,Apo D可能對(duì)PD的治療具有臨床意義。
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(本文編輯 黃建鄉(xiāng))